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[Qing Ma] (Sound: Xuan)
Sweet in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats evil qi of the five zang organs, bi syndrome caused by wind-cold-dampness, tonifies qi, supplements brain marrow, and strengthens bones and tendons. Long-term consumption makes ears and eyes clear and bright, prevents hunger, delays aging, and increases longevity. This is the young shoot of Sesamum indicum (Huma). It grows in the rivers and valleys of the Central Plains.
Tao Hongjing states: This is the leaf of Sesamum indicum. It is very fleshy and slippery, and can also be used for washing hair, but it is unknown how to take it internally. Immortal prescriptions do not use this method; the proper method is to shade-dry it, crush it, and make pills or powders. Since its fruit is already consumed, there is no need to borrow its shoots. The prescription "Wufu Jusheng Wan" also states: The leaf is named "Qing". It originally grew in Dayuan and was later introduced to China. In the *Shennong Bencao Jing*, it was listed in the Upper Category of the Grass section. Since it is edible, it is now categorized under the entry for Sesamum indicum.
The content of the *Tujing* has been detailed under the entry for Sesamum indicum.
For dietary therapy: Fresh juice extracted from it is good for washing hair. If a cow suffers from heat injury, pouring this juice into it will cure it immediately.
The *Yanyi* states: Qing Ma (Xuan) is the leaf of oil sesame. Tao Hongjing's commentary also says: It is the leaf of Sesamum indicum. Sesame from Hu regions has a color like magpie feathers, and the seeds are quite large.
Ri Hua Zi states: Boiling the leaves for bathing moistens hair and scalp. This is the sesame leaf taken by people today. Soaking it in hot water for a long time causes mucus to exude, turning the water thick and yellowish. Women use it to comb their hair. From this, we can say that Sesamum indicum and white oil sesame are what is currently called Zhima (Sesame). Qing Ma is undoubtedly its leaf.

[Dama] (Pronunciation: Fen)
Pungent in taste, neutral in nature, toxic. It primarily treats five labors and seven injuries, promotes the free flow of the five zang organs, expels cold qi from the blood, breaks accumulations, stops bi pain, dissipates pus, and excessive consumption causes hallucinations of seeing ghosts and manic wandering. Long-term consumption connects with spiritual clarity, lightens the body. Also known as "Mabo", which refers to the abundant flowers on the hemp plant. Harvested on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month for best efficacy.
[Hemp Seed]
Sweet in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It primarily tonifies the middle jiao and qi, treats sweating due to wind-stroke, promotes diuresis to drain water, benefits urination, breaks blood stasis, restores blood vessels, treats residual ailments after childbirth in nursing women, promotes hair growth, and can be used for hair washing. Long-term consumption makes one fat and strong, delays aging, and feels like an immortal. Harvested in the 9th lunar month; those fallen into the soil should not be used. (Incompatible with Oyster Shell [Muli] and White Anemone Root [Baiwei]; adverse interaction with Poria [Fuling].)
Tao Hongjing states: Mabo refers to male hemp (Mu Ma), which bears no fruit. People today use it to make cloth and shoes. Mabo is rarely used in medical prescriptions, but Daoist practitioners combine it with Ginseng to predict future events. The kernels within the seeds are excellent for making pills and brewing wine, but their nature is slippery and purgative. Hemp root juice and decoction are also effective... [text missing], referring to the seed, not the flower. The *Erya* states: ... is the seed. The *Book of Rites* states: Ju refers to hemp bearing seeds. The commentary says: Hemp with seeds is called Ju. All refer to the seed. Tao Hongjing, because of the name Mabo, thought that the "abundant-looking" part was the flower, thus duplicating it under the seed entry, which is an error. Since Mabo was considered a premium grain, using the flower now seems inedible? The root primarily treats difficult labor with retained placenta, breaks blood stagnation and distension, leukorrhea, and metrorrhagia. Decocting with water is effective. Fermented hemp juice treats Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome). Crushing leaves and extracting juice, taking 5 he, treats roundworms. Crushed externally applied to scorpion stings is effective. According to Chen Cangqi's *Bencao*: Hemp seeds lower qi, promote urination, and dispel wind-bi and skin hardness. Stir-fry until fragrant, crush, soak in urine, extract juice, and drink. For breech presentation in women, swallowing fourteen seeds corrects it. Hemp seeds dispel wind, bring joy to the heart, and when pressed into oil... [text missing] and is toxic; planted in late spring as autumn hemp, the seeds are good for medicine. Ministers Yu Xi et al. respectfully note the *Erya*: ... is the seed. Explanation: ... is hemp; ... is hemp seed. Commentary on *Yili*: Ju is hemp bearing seeds. Also, *Yu Gong* tribute from Qingzhou mentions: Ju is hemp with abundant seeds. Also called Bi, also called Ma Mu. *Yaoxing Lun* states: Hemp flower, white, toxic. Prescriptions: Used to treat one hundred and twenty types of evil wind, black patches on the body with severe itching, expelling evil wind and blood. Primarily treats amenorrhea in women, using ... worm as an assistant drug. Leaves washed with hair promote growth and moisture. Green hemp decoction washes blood stasis, primarily treating persistent bleeding. Take seventeen green hemp roots, add three sheng of water, cool, divide into six doses. Also: Great Hemp Kernel acts as an assistant drug. Treats wind-heat accumulation and dryness in the large intestine and hot strangury. Also, two sheng of hemp seeds and one sheng of soybeans, stir-fried until fragrant, crushed into powder, honey-pilled, taken twice daily to prevent hunger, delay aging, and tonify qi. Five sheng of seeds ground, mixed with dregs for hair washing to prevent white hair, tonifies the lower jiao, treats thirst. Also, one sheng of seeds boiled in three sheng of water for four or five boils, strain, cool, take half sheng twice daily, cured. Chen Shiliang states: Great Hemp Kernel governs the Lung organ, moistens the five zang organs, benefits urination, and disperses wind. Do not eat excessively; it damages blood vessels, slips essence, weakens yang qi, and causes leukorrhea in women if eaten too much. Ri Hua Zi states: Great Hemp tonifies deficiency and labor, expels all wind, grows muscle, benefits hair, removes skin stiffness, drains water qi and lactation, stops wasting-thirst, induces labor, and treats difficult birth.
The *Tujing* states: Mabo and Hemp Seeds grow in the rivers and valleys of Mount Tai and are now ubiquitous. They are cultivated in fields, and their bark is processed into cloth. Mabo, also called Mabo, is the abundant flower on the hemp, harvested on the 7th day of the 7th month. Hemp seeds are harvested in the 9th month; those in the soil are discarded. Tao Hongjing identified Mabo as male hemp, which has no flowers. He also cited the *Erya* ... seed, and the *Rites* stating Ju is hemp with seeds, all referring to the seed. He considered Tao's duplication of the seed entry as an error. According to the *Bencao Jing*, Mabo treats seven injuries and benefits the five zang organs; excessive consumption causes manic wandering. Observing ancient and modern prescriptions, the uses of hemp seeds are similar. Hemp flowers are not food. Su Song's argument seems correct. However, Zhu character states: Mabo is pungent, Hemp Seed is sweet, suggesting they might be two different things. It is suspected that the *Bencao*, *Erya*, and *Book of Rites* have different nomenclatures. Ancient prescriptions also used hemp for irregular menstruation, using ... worm as an assistant. Thus, are ..., seed, and flower three different substances? Their leaves and ... promote growth and moisture. Bark green decoction washes blood stasis. Root decoction cooled and taken treats persistent bleeding. Currently, Hemp Kernel is extremely difficult to dehusk. Physicians often soak it in water for two or three days until the shell cracks, sun-dry, and grind on new tiles to obtain the white kernel. Farmers' method of planting hemp: Select seeds with patterns, called female hemp, claiming this yields more fruit; other seeds do not. Ge Hong: Treats wasting-thirst. One sheng of autumn hemp seeds boiled in three sheng of water for three or four boils, drink the juice; if not exceeding five sheng, it cures. Tang Dynasty Wei Zhou's *Duxing Fang*: Treats unbearable pain from broken bones. Use ... ; boiling dried hemp juice at any time is also effective. It also treats bruising and blood stasis, abdominal fullness, and shortness of breath, all effective. *...* treats bone marrow wind poison, painful immobility. Soak great hemp seeds in water, select sinking ones, one da sheng, drain and sun-dry, slowly stir-fry in a silver vessel over low heat until fragrant and cooked, mix well, put in a wooden mortar, have three or four people take turns pounding until fine as white powder, divide into ten doses. Each dose, take one large porcelain bowl of homemade unfiltered wine, grind the hemp powder in a stone basin with a willow pestle dipped in wine, filter, ensure all hemp powder enters the wine, discard shells, combine with wine, boil down to half, adjust temperature, take on an empty stomach in one go, one dose daily, complete cure when finished. Mild cases show effect in four or five doses. Severe cases usually resolve within ten doses. The efficacy is countless. Combined with other substances: Zhang Zhongjing treats Pi Yue (Spleen Constriction) with constipation and frequent urination. Maziren Wan: Two sheng of hemp seeds, half jin of Peony Root, one chi of Magnolia Bark, one jin each of Rhubarb and Immature Bitter Orange, one sheng of Apricot Seed. Stir-fry, pound, sieve, honey-pill, size of wu tong seeds. Take ten pills with sour water after meals, three times daily, increase dosage if ineffective. Tang Prescription: Qixuan Maziren Wan is of this category.
*Tang Ben Yu*: Treats five labors. Hemp seed, cold. Makes fat and strong, prevents aging. *Shiliao* says slightly cold. Treats constipation and diarrhea, hair loss, breaks blood, prevents hunger, clears heat. Juice boiled into porridge removes wind from five zang organs, moistens lungs, treats joint blockage, hair loss, promotes blood vessels, treats qi disorders. Green leaves strongly promote hair growth. One sheng of hemp seeds, seven liang of white sheep fat, five liang of wax, one ge of white honey, mix, pound, steam and eat, prevents hunger. *Dongshen Jing*: Take great hemp, consume three sheng of seed powder at noon; chop eight sheng of dogwood root growing eastward, soak. Drink two sheng at dawn, worms descend by night. To see ghosts, take equal parts raw hemp seeds, Acorus, and Akebia, pound into pills, size of a bullet. Take one pill facing the sun every morning; after one hundred days, one sees ghosts. *Shenghui Fang*: Treats eyebrow regrowth. Use July dark hemp flowers, shade-dry and powder. Soak in fresh dark sesame oil, apply nightly. Another prescription: Treats pregnancy heart pain and restlessness. Grind one he of hemp seeds, one cup of water, boil to six parts, strain, warm and take as needed.
*Waitai Miyao*: Treats Scrofula (Luoli). Collect hemp flowers at sunrise on the 7th day of the 7th month, leaves on the 5th day of the 5th month. Make moxa cones, moxibustion on ... one hundred burns. Another prescription: Treats deficiency labor, lower jiao deficiency heat, bone joint pain, muscle tension, dysuria, infrequent stools, sucking mouth dryness, scanty qi, strangury stones. Boil large amount, reduce by half, take four or five doses to cure. Another prescription: Treats vomiting. Three liang of hemp kernels pounded and fried, ground with water to extract juice, add little salt, eat for immediate effect. Advisor Li used this, very effective. *Qianjin Fang*: Treats hair loss and regrowth. One sheng of hemp seeds, stir-fry black, press oil. Treats wind epilepsy and hundred diseases. Four sheng of hemp kernels, six sheng of water, boil vigorously until bubbles appear, strain, boil down to seven sheng. May cause excessive talking, do not be surprised. Rub hands and feet firmly, three doses cure. Another prescription: Treats postpartum blood... Warmly take one sheng before eating. If not cured, take another sheng at night, no vomiting or diarrhea, mix into porridge and eat. Another prescription: Ten hemp roots, five sheng of water, boil to two sheng. One dose stops bleeding, miraculous. Another prescription: Extreme thirst, drinking several dou daily, red and scanty urine. One sheng of hemp seeds, three sheng of water, boil three or four boils. Drink juice, unlimited days, over nine sheng of hemp seeds cures. Another prescription: Sudden venomous arrow wound. Several sheng of hemp kernels, pound and drink juice to cure. *Shiyi Xinjing*: Treats wind-water abdominal distension, heavy pain in umbilicus and waist, immobility. Half sheng of winter hemp seeds crushed, ground with water, filtered... boiled into thin porridge, add green onion, pepper, ginger, fermented soybean, eat on empty stomach. Another prescription: Treats five stranguries, red and scanty urine... sheng, pound, grind, filter to get two sheng juice, mix with three he of rice, boil porridge, add green onion, pepper, cook thoroughly, eat on empty stomach. Another prescription: Boil in two sheng of water, take hot boiling juice, divide into three or four doses. *Xin Xu Shiquan Fang*: Facilitates childbirth. Three stems of great hemp root, one sheng of water, boil to half sheng, take in one go for immediate delivery. Retained placenta also expelled. *Zimu Milu*: Postpartum foul discharge incomplete, abdominal fullness. Three liang of hemp seeds, five sheng of wine, boil to two sheng. Divide into two warm doses, expel foul matter. Another prescription: Treats infant erysipelas... severe cases. One he of hemp seeds, stir-fry until fragrant and cooked, powder, take one qianbi, mix with honey water, immediate effect. Another prescription: Apply externally, six or seven times daily. *Zhouli* commentary: Hemp. Case study from *Sangfu Zhuan*: Male hemp is... *Maoshi September* commentary on Ju: Refers to harvesting hemp seeds for soup. Poem says: Lush are the peach trees, abundant are their fruits... is the seed. Hemp... then know it is the seed, not the flower. Hemp flowers first, then bears fruit. *Longyu Hetu* says: At the end of the year, fourth watch, take fourteen beans, fourteen hemp seeds. Mix with a little hair from family members, put in well, chant incantations. Expel five warmth ghosts.
The *Yanyi* states: Hemp seeds from the East Sea are the best, large as lotus seeds, like Maoluo Island. Next are those from Shangjun and Beidi, large as beans; southern ones are small. Dehusking method: Wrap hemp seeds in silk, soak in boiling water, remove when cool, hang in a well overnight, do not let touch water. Sun-dry next day at noon to extract kernels, each grain intact. Zhang Zhongjing's Maziren Wan uses this great hemp seed.