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This refers to the condition where, after a child has suffered from various severe illnesses such as *Jingxian* (convulsions and epilepsy), *Shanghan* (cold damage), or *Wenzhuang* (high fever), and has undergone treatments involving emesis, purgation, or sweating; following the resolution of the illness, the *Xueqi* (blood and qi) remain deficient, and the Spleen and Stomach functions are still weak. Consequently, they cannot transform and transport grain qi to nourish the body, leading to weakness in energy and emaciation.

Cough arises from Wind-Cold pathogenic factors injuring the Lung. The Lung governs Qi and corresponds to the skin and hair, with its Back-Shu point located on the back. When a child is inadequately clothed and exposed to cold, Wind-Cold invades the skin and hair, then enters through the Lung Back-Shu point to injure the Lung. Upon contracting slight Cold, the Lung triggers a cough. Therefore, after birth, a child's back must be kept warm constantly; even in summer, a single-layer back protector should be used. If cough results from cold exposure to the back, it is difficult to treat in infants within one month of age; for those within 100 days, only one or two out of ten may recover.

Ke Ni (cough with rebellious Qi) occurs due to unregulated breastfeeding combined with Wind-Cold injuring the Lung. The Lung governs Qi and serves as the canopy above the five Zang organs, situated in the chest. When an infant cries, their Qi is unsettled; if feeding occurs immediately, the milk and the rebellious Qi clash. The Qi draws the milk into the Lung, causing cough and rebellious Qi, termed Ke Ni. Additionally, consuming cold milk or food injures the Lung, where Cold stagnates and combats Lung Qi, also resulting in Ke Ni.

The Lung governs Qi; excess Lung Qi manifests as panting, cough, and upward rebellion of Qi. If further aggravated by Wind-Cold, Qi accumulates in the Lung, causing Lung distension, characterized by chest fullness and shortness of breath.

Pediatric edema and distension result from improper care leading to deficiency in both the Kidney and Spleen. The Kidney governs Water, with its Qi flowing downward to the yin regions; the Spleen belongs to Earth, governs muscles, and controls Water. Kidney deficiency fails to transport water fluids, while Spleen deficiency fails to control Water, causing water fluids to overflow into the skin, resulting in edema and distension. In cases complicated by water swelling, the skin appears thin like a ripe plum. If wind invades the skin and combats Qi causing swelling, the result is merely flaccid swelling resembling an inflated bag, known as Wind-Qi edema.

Du Zhong (toxic swelling) occurs when Wind-Heat-Dampness combats in the skin, causing blood and Qi to flow sluggishly and stagnate, accumulating into toxic pathogens. This presents as swelling that is red and hot.

Pediatric deafness is caused by Wind entering the head. The Hand-Taiyang channel enters the ear. When Wind resides in the head, Wind pathogens follow Qi to invade the meridians, combating with Zheng Qi. The accumulation and stagnation of Wind pathogens lead to deafness.