水病者，由肾脾俱虚故也。肾虚不能宣通水气，脾虚又不能制水，故水气盈溢，渗液皮
肤，流遍四肢，所以通身肿也。令人上气，体重，小便黄涩，肿处按之随手而起是也。
风水病者，由脾肾气虚弱所为也。肾劳则虚，虚则汗出，汗出逢风，风气内入，
还客于肾，脾虚又不能制于水，故水散溢皮肤，又与风湿相搏，故云风水也。令人身浮肿，
如里水之状，颈脉动，时咳，按肿上凹而不起也，骨节疼痛而恶风是也。
脉浮大者，名曰风水也。
十水者，青水、赤水、黄水、白水、黑水、悬水、风水、石水、暴水、气水也。青水者
，先从面目，肿遍一身，其根在肝。赤水者，先从心肿，其根在心。黄水者，先从腹肿，其
根在脾。白水者，先从脚肿，上气而咳，其根在肺。黑水者，先从脚趺肿，其根在肾。悬水
者，先从面肿至足，其根在胆。风水者，先从四肢起，腹满大，身尽肿，其根在胃。石水者
，先从四肢，小腹肿独大，其根在膀胱。暴水者，先腹满，其根在小肠。气水者，乍盛乍虚
，乍来乍去，其根在大肠。皆由荣卫痞涩，三焦不调，腑脏虚弱所生。虽名证不同，并令身
体虚肿，喘息上气，小便黄涩也。
夫水肿病者，皆由荣卫痞涩，肾脾虚弱所为。而大腹水肿者，或因大病之后，或积虚劳
损，或新热食竟，入于水，自渍及浴，令水气不散，流溢肠外，三焦闭塞，小便不通，水气
结聚于内，乃腹大而肿。故四肢小，阴下湿，手足逆冷，腰痛，上气，咳嗽，烦疼，故云大
Water disease (Shui Bing) is caused by the deficiency of both the Kidney and the Spleen. When the Kidney is deficient, it fails to disseminate and unblock water qi; when the Spleen is deficient, it fails to control water fluids. Consequently, water qi overflows and permeates the skin, spreading throughout the four limbs, resulting in generalized edema (Tong Shen Zhong). This condition causes upward rushing of Qi (Shang Qi), heaviness of the body, yellow and obstructed urination, and pitting edema that rebounds immediately upon pressure.
Wind-water disease (Feng Shui Bing) is caused by the weakness of Qi in the Spleen and Kidney. Renal fatigue leads to deficiency, which causes sweating. If wind strikes during sweating, wind pathogen enters internally and lodges in the Kidney. Simultaneously, Spleen deficiency fails to control water, causing water to scatter and overflow into the skin. It combines with wind-dampness, hence the name "Wind-Water." Symptoms include generalized swelling resembling interior water disease, pulsation of the neck vessels (Jing Mai Dong), frequent coughing, non-rebounding pitting edema, joint pain, and aversion to wind. A floating and large pulse indicates Wind-Water.
The Ten Waters (Shi Shui) refer to: Green Water (Qing Shui), Red Water (Chi Shui), Yellow Water (Huang Shui), White Water (Bai Shui), Black Water (Hei Shui), Suspended Water (Xuan Shui), Wind-Water (Feng Shui), Stone Water (Shi Shui), Sudden Water (Bao Shui), and Qi Water (Qi Shui).
Green Water begins with swelling of the face and eyes, spreading over the whole body; its root lies in the Liver.
Red Water begins with swelling around the Heart; its root lies in the Heart.
Yellow Water begins with abdominal swelling; its root lies in the Spleen.
White Water begins with swelling of the feet, accompanied by upward rushing Qi and coughing; its root lies in the Lung.
Black Water begins with swelling of the dorsum of the foot; its root lies in the Kidney.
Suspended Water begins with facial swelling extending to the feet; its root lies in the Gallbladder.
Wind-Water begins with swelling of the four limbs, abdominal fullness and distension, and generalized body swelling; its root lies in the Stomach.
Stone Water begins with swelling of the four limbs, with isolated enlargement of the lower abdomen; its root lies in the Bladder.
Sudden Water begins with abdominal fullness; its root lies in the Small Intestine.
Qi Water presents with fluctuating severity and intermittent onset; its root lies in the Large Intestine.
All these arise from stagnation and obstruction of Ying and Wei Qi, dysfunction of the San Jiao (Triple Burner), and weakness of the Zang-Fu organs. Although their names and presentations differ, they all cause bodily wasting and swelling, panting with upward rushing Qi, and yellow, obstructed urination.
Generally, edema diseases are caused by stagnation of Ying and Wei Qi and deficiency of the Kidney and Spleen. Abdominal Edema (Da Fu Shui Zhong) may occur after a severe illness, due to chronic accumulation of deficiency and exhaustion, or after consuming hot food followed by immersion or bathing in water. This prevents the dispersion of water qi, allowing it to flow outside the intestines. With the San Jiao blocked and urination obstructed, water qi accumulates internally, leading to a large and swollen abdomen. Consequently, the limbs appear small, the genital area becomes damp, the hands and feet feel cold, there is lower back pain, upward rushing Qi, coughing, and vexatious pain. Hence, it is called Abdominal Edema.