身面卒洪肿者，亦水病之候，肾脾虚弱所为。肾主水，肾虚故水妄行；脾主土，脾虚不
能克制水，故水流溢，散于皮肤，令身体卒然洪肿，股间寒，足 壅是也。
肾主水，肾虚则水气妄行，不根据经络，停聚结在脐间，小腹肿大，硬如石，故云石
水。其候引胁下胀痛，而不喘是也。
脉沉者，名曰石水。尺脉微大，亦为石水。肿起脐下，至小腹垂垂然，上至胃脘，则死
肺主于皮毛，肾主于水。肾虚则水妄行，流溢于皮肤，故令身体面目悉肿，按之没指，
而无汗也。腹如故而不满，亦不渴，四肢重而不恶风是也。
脉浮者，名曰皮水也。
肾主水，肺主气。肾虚不能制水，故水妄行，浸溢皮肤，而身体肿满。流散不已，上乘
于肺，肺得水而浮，浮则上气而咳嗽也。
肾者阴气，主于水而又主腰脚。肾虚则腰脚血气不足，水之流溢，先从虚而入，故腰脚
先肿也。
水分者，言肾气虚弱，不能制水，令水气分散，流布四肢，故云水分。但四肢皮肤虚肿
，聂聂而动者，名水分也。
夫水之病，皆由肾虚所为，肾虚则水流散经络，始溢皮毛。今此毛水者，乃肺家停积之
水，流溢于外。肺主皮毛，故余经未伤，皮毛先肿，因名毛水也。
水病无不由脾肾虚所为。脾肾虚则水妄行，盈溢皮肤而令身体肿满。此疸水者，言脾胃
有热，热气流于膀胱，使小便涩而身面尽黄，腹满如水状，因名疸水也。
Sudden and severe swelling of the body and face is also a manifestation of Water Disease (Shui Bing), caused by deficiency of the Kidney and Spleen. The Kidney governs water metabolism; when Kidney Qi is deficient, water flows recklessly. The Spleen governs Earth element; when Spleen Qi is deficient, it cannot control water dampness, causing water to overflow and scatter into the skin, resulting in sudden severe swelling of the body, coldness in the groin area, and distension/swelling of the feet. This condition is referred to as Stone Water (Shi Shui).
The Kidney governs water; when Kidney Qi is deficient, water qi flows recklessly without following the meridians, stagnating and accumulating around the umbilicus. The lower abdomen becomes swollen and hard like stone, hence the name Stone Water (Shi Shui). Its manifestations include pulling pain in the hypochondriac region without wheezing. A deep pulse (Mai Chen) indicates Stone Water. A slightly enlarged pulse at the Cun Guan Chi position (Chi Mai Wei Da) also indicates Stone Water. Swelling starting from below the umbilicus extending to the lower abdomen in a drooping manner, if it spreads upward to the epigastrium, results in death.
The Lung governs the skin and hair, while the Kidney governs water. When Kidney Qi is deficient, water flows recklessly and overflows into the skin, causing total swelling of the body and face that leaves an indentation upon pressure, accompanied by absence of sweating. The abdomen remains normal without fullness, there is no thirst, and the limbs feel heavy without aversion to wind. These are manifestations of Skin Water (Pi Shui). A floating pulse (Mai Fu) indicates Skin Water.
The Kidney governs water, and the Lung governs Qi. When Kidney Qi is deficient and cannot control water, water flows recklessly and infiltrates the skin, leading to bodily swelling and fullness. As the water qi continues to spread and ascends to invade the Lung, the Lung becomes buoyant due to water accumulation, causing Qi to rebel upward and resulting in coughing.
The Kidney belongs to Yin Qi, governs water, and controls the waist and legs. When Kidney Qi is deficient, the blood and Qi in the waist and legs are insufficient. Water dampness overflows and enters through these deficient areas first, so swelling appears in the waist and legs initially.
"Water Division" (Shui Fen) refers to a condition where Kidney Qi is weak and cannot control water, causing water qi to disperse and circulate throughout the four limbs, thus named Water Division. It is characterized solely by flaccid swelling of the skin on the four limbs with slight trembling movements.
Generally, all water diseases are caused by Kidney deficiency, where water flows into the meridians and overflows into the skin and hair. However, "Hair Water" (Mao Shui) specifically refers to stagnant water within the Lung system overflowing to the exterior. Since the Lung governs the skin and hair, if other meridians remain unaffected but the skin and hair swell first, it is named Hair Water.
All water diseases are ultimately caused by Spleen and Kidney deficiency. When the Spleen and Kidney are deficient, water flows recklessly, filling and overflowing into the skin, causing bodily swelling. "Jaundice Water" (Dan Shui) refers to a condition where Heat exists in the Spleen and Stomach. This Heat Qi flows into the Bladder, causing difficult and scanty urination, complete yellowing of the body and face, and abdominal fullness resembling water retention, hence the name Jaundice Water.