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A protruding nodule resembling a mouse's breast growing beside the anus, which frequently discharges pus and blood, is identified as *Muzhi* (Oyster Hemorrhoid).

Swelling beside the anus with the formation of sores accompanied by bleeding is identified as *Maizhi* (Vascular Hemorrhoid).

Sores appearing beside the anus, characterized by initial itching followed by pain and bleeding, are also identified as *Maizhi* (Vascular Hemorrhoid).

Hard, painful nodules beside the anus, accompanied by chills, fever, and bleeding, are identified as *Changzhi* (Intestinal Hemorrhoid).

Bright red blood flowing out during defecation is identified as *Xuezhi* (Blood Hemorrhoid).

When internal heat coexists with external deficiency, and wind-dampness pathogenic factors invade, sores will arise. The reason for this is that the Lung governs Qi and corresponds to the skin and hair; the Spleen governs muscles. When Qi is deficient, the pores (*Couli*) open, allowing wind-dampness to invade; internal heat causes the Spleen Qi to become excessive, and excessive Spleen Qi generates heat in the muscles. The interaction between damp-heat results in sores appearing on the head, face, and body. Initially, these sores resemble millet grains, but fluid soon accumulates. If heat is severe, it transforms into pus. The condition recurs after apparent recovery.

Various chronic sores result from internal heat and external deficiency, where wind-dampness invades, causing sores on the head, face, and body. If the internal organs possess excess heat and vigorous Qi, heat binds within the muscles, lingering without cessation, thus causing sores that fail to heal for a long time.

Sores arising on the body are all due to constitutional weakness combined with wind-heat invasion. Wind-heat clashes with Blood and Qi, triggering the sores. If wind-heat carries damp-toxicity, the sores become itchy, painful, swollen, and exudative, accompanied by high fever; this is termed *Echuang* (Malignant Ulcer). Regarding treatments such as herbal decoctions, moxibustion/ironing, acupuncture, and stone therapy, there are separate specific formulas. Methods of nourishment and Daoyin (guiding and pulling exercises) are appended here from the *Yangsheng Fang* (Prescriptions for Nourishing Life): It states that covering food with copper vessels allows sweat to enter the food, inducing malignant ulcers and internal abscesses. It further states that sexual intercourse while intoxicated may cause malignant ulcers. It also states that washing the face with cold water while the heat from alcohol has not yet dissipated causes malignant ulcers on the face; mild cases present with local swelling. It states that on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, taking three sheng of jujube leaves, crushing them with well water drawn at dawn (*Jinghua Shui*), and bathing in the juice prevents malignant ulcers forever. It states that washing feet with well water mixed with powder prevents malignant ulcers. It states that bathing on the first day of the fifth month, second day of the eighth month, ninth day of the ninth month, seventh day of the tenth month, fourth day of the eleventh month, and thirteenth day of the twelfth month eliminates malignant ulcers. The *Daoyin Fa* (Guiding and Pulling Methods) in the *Yangsheng Fang* states: Practice "Dragon Moving Qi," lowering the head and looking down, holding the breath twelve times. This cures wind-scabies and malignant ulcers, preventing heat from entering the throat.