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Hand Ni Lu (Reverse Scaling) refers to a condition where the meridians are invaded by Wind pathogenic factors, resulting in stagnation and obstruction of Blood and Qi. Among the sinews and vessels of the twelve meridians, some originate from the fingers; if these meridians are deficient, Wind pathogens may lodge therein, causing Blood and Qi to become stagnant and obstructed. This leads to dryness, peeling, and reverse scaling of the skin, a condition termed "Ni Lu" (Reverse Scaling).

Scalp sores with worms, characterized by white crusts and hair loss, are called "Bai Tu" (White Tinea Capitis). It is believed that this is caused by Ascaris lumbricoides (pinworms), one of the nine internal parasites within the abdomen, which becomes active when Blood and Qi are deficient.

Gu Ben Yong (Abscess Attached to Bone) occurs when Cold and Wind pathogens combine with the blood vessels and penetrate deeply, adhering close to the bone. Among the sinews and vessels of the twelve meridians, some connect to the Wangu (完骨) bone behind the ear. If this area is deficient, Cold and Wind pathogens may lodge there. The Cold energy fractures the blood, causing it to become stagnant and obstructed, leading to an abscess deep within the bone. Its presentation includes swelling and pain without a head (pustule).

Shui Bing (Water Disease/Edema) arises from physical deficiency combined with invasion of Damp-Wind pathogens entering the skin. These pathogens interact with Body Fluids (Jin Ye), causing their flow to become stagnant and obstructed. Consequently, they accumulate internally without being resolved and overflow into the skin. This happens because the Kidney governs Water and pairs with the Bladder; the Bladder serves as the reservoir for Body Fluids. If Body Fluids fail to metabolize properly, water accumulates. External signs include puffiness under the eyes resembling a sleeping silkworm and vigorous pulsation at the Yingchong (人迎) pulse on the neck. The Spleen belongs to Earth and controls Water, manifesting in the muscles. When Kidney Water accumulates and Spleen Earth becomes weak, it fails to transform dampness, allowing water qi to overflow and soak the skin, causing swelling and fullness.

Xue Fen Bing (Blood Division Disease) refers to a condition where menstruation ceases first, followed by the development of edema. Because menstrual flow becomes obstructed and stagnant, the menstrual blood transforms into water, hence the term "Blood Division." When a woman's menstruation flows smoothly, water and blood circulate and resolve together. However, if Cold and Wind pathogens bind to the meridians, causing blood coagulation and obstruction, blood and water accumulate mutually, resulting in edema disease.

Swelling (Zhong) may be caused by Wind-Cold, Water Qi, or Heat Toxins. Sudden swelling (Cu Zhong) occurs due to deficiency in the Cou Li (interstices/skin pores), where Wind-Cold pathogens bind with Blood and Qi, causing accumulation and knotting that cannot disperse, leading to sudden onset. Its characteristic is swelling and knotting without heat sensation.

Chi Liu Zhong (Red Flowing Swelling) results from physical deficiency and open Cou Li, allowing Wind-Heat pathogens to invade. Wind-Heat combats with Blood and Qi, carrying Heat Toxin. Its presentation features red-colored swelling that shifts and moves with the flow of pathogenic qi, thus termed "Flowing Swelling."

This condition may stem from obstructed menstruation or incomplete expulsion of lochia postpartum. If one exposes oneself to wind while seeking coolness, Wind-Cold pathogens attack. Blood congeals into Stasis upon encountering cold. Internal Blood Stasis causes intermittent body heat and sallow complexion. If the stasis persists unresolved, it transforms into Accumulations (Ji Ju) or Masses (Jia).