The pulse qi emerges from the heart system (Xinxi, 心系), descends through the diaphragm, ascends to connect with the lungs, and flanks the throat. Therefore, when there is mental restlessness, symptoms include palpitations and fullness in the epigastrium, sudden upward rushing of Qi leading to wheezing, and dryness of the pharynx. Because the heart's pulsation causes fullness, belching occurs to expel Qi. If rebellious Qi rushes upward to affect the heart, feelings of fear and apprehension arise. When the Shen (Spirit) is frightened and weakened, ear symptoms occur. Gan Bi (Liver Obstruction Syndrome, 肝痹) patients startle during sleep at night, desire excessive drinking, have frequent urination, and experience upward pulling of Qi resembling pregnancy. (Upward pulling of urine results from loss of constraint; as Wang Bing noted: The Liver governs fright; its channel circles the external genitalia, reaches the lower abdomen, flanks the stomach, passes through the diaphragm, and follows the throat, hence excessive drinking, upward pulling of urine, and lower abdominal pain resembling pregnancy). Shen Bi (Kidney Obstruction Syndrome, 肾痹) patients are prone to abdominal distension, stand with the buttocks replacing the heels, and bend the spine so that it replaces the head. (Continued: The Kidney is the gate of the Stomach; if the gate is obstructed, Stomach Qi fails to circulate, leading to a tendency for abdominal distension.)