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According to the *Suwen* (Basic Questions): When both the Renying pulse and the Qikou pulse are four times or more than their normal strength, it is called Guan-Ge (Obstruction and Rejection). The Ge pulse appears weak; if it cannot sustain the essence and qi of heaven and earth, death will ensue. According to the *Lingxu* (Spiritual Pivot): When pathogenic factors affect the Fu organs, the Yang pulses become discordant; when discordant, the Yang pulses become excessive. When pathogenic factors affect the Zang organs, the Yin pulses become discordant; when discordant, the Yin pulses become excessive. When Yang qi is excessively excessive, Yin qi cannot circulate with it mutually, hence it is called "Guan" (Closure); when Yin qi is excessively excessive, Yang qi cannot circulate with it mutually, hence it is called "Ge" (Rejection). Guan-Ge leads to premature death. This discussion of Guan-Ge in the *Lingxu* and *Suwen* refers to pulse manifestations, not symptoms. Since Zhang Zhongjing adopted this view, he stated that Guan occurs at the Chi position (wrist) and Ge occurs at the Cun position (wrist). Guan results in urinary retention, while Ge results in vomiting and regurgitation. If the Renying pulse is four times larger and the Cunkou pulse is four times larger, this does not refer merely to the Cun and Chi positions. As for vomiting and regurgitation, this is a symptom of Geshi syndrome (Dysphagia/Regurgitation). As for urinary retention, this is a symptom of Longbi syndrome (Strangury/Urinary Retention). Since Wang Shuhe, scholars have failed to distinguish these concepts, attributing Guan-Ge entirely to the Cun and Chi pulse positions. Li Dongyuan (Jiegu) stated: Cold is above, Heat is below. How can one say there is cold above and heat below when both Cun pulses are four times excessive? Li Dongyuan also posited that clear qi flowing into turbid pathways is called Ge, and turbid qi flowing into clear pathways is called Guan. Zhu Danxi only mentioned a sensation of obstruction in the chest and diaphragm with impaired ascending and descending functions, describing only Ge without Guan. Fang Yuezheng of the Yuan dynasty defined Guan-Ge as the blockage of both urination and defecation, a view that is particularly erroneous. Later, Zhu Danxi established Guan-Ge as a distinct disease category, causing confusion among later students. Only Ma Yuantai vigorously refuted these errors, asserting that Guan-Ge is not synonymous with Geshi or Longbi. Although Chao Yuanfang, Zhang Zhongjing, Li Dongyuan, and Zhu Danxi are considered medical patriarchs, their views deviate from the *Neijing*; how much more so for inferior physicians? Few realize that Guan-Ge is a pulse pattern, not a disease name.

Chao Yuanfang, in his preface to hernia syndromes, listed Jue Hernia, Han Hernia, Qi Hernia, Pan Hernia, Xia Hernia, Hu Hernia, and Jia Hernia. Zhang Zihe criticized the arbitrary naming, arguing that the area surrounding the genitals and reaching the lower abdomen belongs to the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian, which is where hernias occur. Therefore, all hernias, whether caused by pathogenic invasion of Liver Wood or hyperactivity of Liver Wood itself, belong to the Liver Meridian. He established the names of the Seven Hernias: Cold, Water, Qi, Fox, Sinew, Blood, and Jia, advocating purgative methods for treatment. Since Zhu Danxi, most have followed this theory, but it is incorrect. The anterior region and lower abdomen are convergence points for the Three Foot-Yin meridians, the Foot-Yangming meridian, and the Chong, Ren, and Du vessels. How can they be attributed solely to the Jueyin Meridian? Regarding the six types of hernia mentioned in this chapter, wind is often discussed. However, this is not external wind. Wind corresponds to the Liver, and the Liver governs the sinews. Thus, it is acceptable to say that hernias affecting various meridians often involve the sinews and carry Liver pathogenic factors. However, claiming they must exclusively reside in the Jueyin Meridian is incorrect.