圣功丹 治咽痛白腐，糜烂，口舌白疮，口糜，唇疮舌烂，舌根白疮诸症，并臻神妙。
青果炭（一钱） 凤凰衣（一钱） 儿茶（一钱） 川贝母（去心，一钱） 黄柏（八分） 薄荷叶（八分）
冰片（五厘）
上各药，另为细末，绢箩筛过，再为和匀，加入冰片，同窳收固，勿使泄气。每吹少许。腐烂重者，加人中
白二钱。
神功丹 此方亦妙。
人中白（ ，二两） 川黄柏（六钱） 真儿茶（六钱） 漂青黛（六钱） 薄荷叶（六钱） 真梅片（六分）
上各研极细，过筛，将分两称足，和匀，再加入冰片，同窳收固。
秘妙丹 治喉烂白腐口疮等症。
大蟾蜍一只，于端午日取系悬于阴处，俟干，置阴阳瓦上，以文火炼酥，不可炙焦。研极细末，略加冰片二
厘，窳匀收固，每吹少许，甚妙。
不宜于白腐烂（共六十八种）。
一羌活。凡喉风诸症，首在切忌，于白腐尤属不宜，盖羌活乃手足太阳引经之药，散肌表寒邪，利周身疼痛，
与喉患全不相涉，何必
表及无辜？而今时之医，一遇喉症，动辄用之，以致症之转重，而不能收功者有之。犹执迷而不悟，遇后来者，
仍复用之，洵可叹也！善治者，无论风寒发热之与否，从未用及，使其有热自退，且喉患易愈，亦不愆期，岂不
更妙乎？
一独活。入肾与膀胱两经，专理下焦风湿痛痹，亦非喉症之所宜投也。
一秦艽。本入阳明清火药也。治风寒湿痹，利小水，解温疫热毒，或牙痛口疮发热者可用。
一桔梗。疗诸喉风相宜。一兼虚候，则当慎用。至于白腐证，大相迳庭。盖其有升无降，开提肺窍，能载诸
药上行，其肺实者固可用，而肺肾阴虚之白腐证，则不宜升提开窍，犯之必反剧。犹有不识病者，辄妄用至二三
钱，以致肺气益亏而愈闭，乃覆加石菖蒲以助之，其不殆也几希！
一射干。苦寒，有毒。本草虽载为治咽喉痹痛要药，疗实热症则可，若实中兼虚者，即不宜施用。至白腐之
患，又岂苦寒有毒之味所能疗者耶？
一山豆根。大苦寒。固有治咽喉之名，或于实症喉痹稍可，若论白腐，本属肺虚燥症，岂可妄投？亦不宜与
射干之苦寒并用，识者当慎之。
一桑白皮。为西方之药，甘辛微苦而气寒，仍泻肺实之火，虽清肺止咳喘，然亦非白腐所宜。张会稽曰∶既
泻肺实。又云∶补肺则未必然。李士材曰∶古称补气者，非若参 之正补，乃泻邪所以补正也。愚者信为补剂，
而肺虚者亦用之，大失桑皮之面目矣。且市中近来所货者，每以山楂根充售，更不相宜其真伪，尤不可不辨也。
一荆芥（又名假苏）。乃解肌发表退寒热清头目之药，亦称利咽喉，惟于白腐不宜，不可因利咽喉而遂用之。
即荆芥至贱之物，亦有假者，或云野苏为之。
一龙胆草。大苦，大寒，肝胆经药也。时珍曰∶相火寄在肝胆，有泻无补，故泻肝胆之
热正益肝胆之气也。但大苦大寒，过服恐伤胃中生发之气及助火邪，亦久服黄连，反从火化之义也。虽疗咽喉风
热，切不可投于白腐之证。
一黄连。大苦大寒，为治实火之主药，惟于喉症不可妄用。
一黄芩。苦寒之品，入心胜热，解瘟疫，清咽喉，疗肺胃实热。时珍曰∶肺虚不宜者，苦寒伤土，损其母也。
白腐症庸可施乎？
一白前。治肺气壅实，胸膈逆满。虚者禁用。
一灯草心。泻肺热，降心火，治五淋，除水肿，惟烧灯心灰，能疗喉痹。勿因其泻肺热而用入白腐诸症。
一地骨皮。苦而微寒，乃退阴虚血热有汗之骨蒸，及肺肾胞中阴虚之伏火，亦能滋水养木。于白腐虽无碍，
然可勿用。
一天花粉。味苦寒，气味颇轻，最凉心肺，善解热渴，亦不宜于白腐。
一连翘。苦辛微寒，手足少阳阳明、手少阴之药。泻心经客热，降胃湿热。诸疮痛痒皆属心火，故为疮家要
药，惟白腐不宜。
一猪苓。开腠理，利小便，并非疗咽喉之品。
一僵蚕。为厥阴阳明之药。散风痰，治风热喉痹。但味辛、咸，性温，有小毒，不利于白腐症。
一牛蒡子（即鼠粘子又名大力子）。辛温，入肺，利咽喉，消斑疹，善走十二经，而解中有散。凡喉间红肿
有形起白者，可用。一属虚证即不宜投。
一茵陈。乃太阳经药。善治黄胆湿热，岂可投入白腐症耶？
一细辛。气温大辛，为手少阴引经之药。开关通窍，治风寒喉闭，虽曰少阴之脉，循络咽喉而肺燥咽痛及白
腐症皆不可用，因其辛散太过，涉虚者尤为不宜。且北细辛，真者甚少，或云苇芦茎充之。
一枇杷叶。苦辛、平，肺胃药也。虽清肺
降火，除痰嗽，止呕哕，然亦非白腐之所宜投。
一茜草（又名过山龙）。色赤入营分，味苦性温。行血滞，通经脉活血，与红花相同，而性更通利。凡喉肿
色紫，热在血分者宜用，其余诸喉患，慎勿浪投。
一紫荆皮。苦寒，无毒。破血消痈肿，然不宜于肺虚诸喉患。奈今时诸治咽喉者无不用及，殊可笑耳。
一款冬花。辛而微温，入手太阴经。能温肺气，故疗咳嗽惟是。辛温肺寒则可用，而白腐兼嗽即不相宜。
一菖蒲。味辛性温，心肝药也。行滞气，开心窍，明耳目，通九窍，出音声。《仙经》历称菖蒲为水草之精
英，神仙之灵药，但白腐之音哑，乃为表散及寒凉之品伤伐肺肾而然，非风热闭塞于肺也，岂可因其能出音而妄
施用耶？
一羚羊角。咸寒，属木，善走少阳、厥阴二经，故清肝定风于咽喉，诸症无所用。
一犀角。苦辛，微甘，气寒，专入阳明。清胃火，亦凉心泻肝，能解大热与风毒、阳毒，切勿妄施于喉患诸
症及白腐发斑。仲景先师有云，如无犀角，以升麻代之者，以其功皆升散也今人但知犀角之善于解热而不知犀角
之能升散。尤峻速于升麻也，可不审慎以用欤！
一石膏。甘寒，善祛肺胃三焦之火，尤为阳明经实症之要药。若白腐兼发流丹斑疹者，切勿轻试。
一大黄。苦寒，足太阴、手足阳明、手足厥阴五经血分之药也。有毒，性极猛烈，故有将军之号。推陈致新，
直走不守，清实热，行瘀血，破结聚，本血分之药，若于气分用之，则未免诛伐太过矣。乃治伤寒及瘟疫实症之
品。考之诸本草，并未载其治咽喉痹痛，尤于白腐大不相宜。尝见潘某治各喉症无不用之，是诚何心哉！
一木通（又名通草）。味苦气寒，心包络、小肠、膀胱药也。能利九窍，宣血脉，消水肿，通关节，虽有清
火退热之名，然后喉患不可妄投。
一赤小豆。为消热毒利水之品。白腐症则最忌利水也。
一升麻。微苦，气平，微辛，乃脾胃肺与大肠四经之药，取其升散提气，解肤腠风热斑疹，引石膏除齿牙臭
烂肿痛。若上实气壅，诸火炎上，肺肾不足，水火无根及白腐等症，则皆忌用。
一土牛膝。苦辛，微毒，捣汁和入乳，疗风热实症，喉闭，能取吐痰涎，立即开关。其余喉患切勿用之，徒
伤元气，并见不效。
一马兜铃。若寒气薄入手太阴肺经，苦降之品，清肺热促，止咳嗽喘促，体轻而虚，与肺同象，故专司肺实
喘嗽，以清热降气为功。若属肺虚喘嗽，非所宜也。
一麻黄。辛甘而温，微涩，入手太阴、足太阳二经。去营中寒邪，善达肌表，走经络达表，散风邪，祛肺中
寒郁而开闭，通利九窍，为散寒邪之要药也。白腐症属肺虚燥热，因误投表散及寒凉之剂，以致喘促，医者不悟，
复认为肺热，继用麻黄，肺气即绝而毙矣。可不慎欤！
一蝉蜕（蜕一作退）。甘咸而微凉，得土木余气所化，飧风吸露，其气清虚，乃疗属实之风热而开腠理。能
出声音者，轻可去实之义，治风热闭塞之音哑耳。至于白腐之音哑，更非蝉退所能疗，虽曰金空则鸣，盖因肺阴
亏而遭误治之故，岂不知声音出于肾之本乎！
一半夏。味大辛，微苦，气温有毒。其质滑润，其性燥湿，入脾、胃、胆经。生嚼戟喉，制用下肺气，开胃
健脾，消痰止咳嗽，除呕吐，反胃，散风闭喉喑。成聊摄云∶半夏辛而散行水而润肾燥。好古曰，半夏能泄痰之
标，不能泄痰之本。泄本者，泄肾也。咳无形，而痰有形，无形则润，有形则燥，所以为流湿润燥耳。以半夏为
肺药则非矣。喻嘉言曰∶半夏能和阴阳。李时珍曰∶惟阴虚劳损，非湿热之邪而用之，是重竭其津液，医之咎也，
岂药之罪哉！试思白腐之燥宜乎不宜。
一旋复花（即金沸草）。甘、咸，微温，入肺与大肠二经。通血脉，消结痰，祛痞坚，凡气壅
湿热者宜之。若气虚及肾阴不足，皆所忌用。
一苦参。乃治恶疮痈肿之品，并不能疗咽喉白腐等症。
一葛根。辛、甘，气平，寒，阳明经药也。轻扬发散，主头额疼痛，解肌止渴，宣 发痘，消毒解酒，虽善
达诸阳经而阳明为最，以其气轻，故功在于解表发汗。用此以治喉患似大非所宜。
一马勃。辛、平。轻虚清肺，解热散血，治喉痹咽痛，鼻衄失音等症。此乃疗属实者之用，故普济消毒饮内
用之，殊非白腐咽痛音喑所宜。外用，敷 疮颇妙。
一山栀仁。苦，寒。清心肺之火，除热郁，通五淋三焦火郁。因其味降，亦泻肝、肾、膀胱之火，虚寒者则
大非所宜。
一夏枯草。苦、微辛，独入厥阴，善解肝气，消瘰 ，散结气，止目珠痛，开郁疗乳痈，并非治喉之品。
一柴胡。苦、微辛，气平，微寒，入肝、胆、三焦、心包络四经，其性凉。故解寒热往来，肌表潮热，少阳
头痛，肝经郁证，温疟热盛，平肝热口苦。总之，邪实者可用，属虚者非宜。张会稽曰∶柴胡，大能泄气，凡阴
虚水亏，孤阳劳热者，不可用，恐损营气也。王海藏亦曰∶苟无实热而用柴胡，不死何待？
一前胡。苦降，微寒，肺肝之药。散风祛热，消痰下气。二胡均为风药，但柴胡主升，前胡主降质性迥异，
何能混合？近见时医，二味每并用之，讵非欲北其辙而南其辕，殊属可笑。
一川芎。辛、微甘，气温。其性善散，乃血分药也，能通血海。多服令人走散真气，致使暴亡，若三阳火壅
于上而头痛者，得升反甚。今人不明升降之理，而但知川芎善治头痛，谬亦甚矣。即如喉科之开关散为川芎、白
芷二味，取其提劫之功，惟是。近来诸喉患多兼虚燥，又岂可妄施也耶？
一白芷。辛、温，气浓，手阳明引经本药也。其气辛香达表，逐风寒邪热，及肺经风热，
治疮疡排脓，止痒痛，疗头痛，通九窍，大能发汗。亦治蛇伤。
一青苔。大苦，寒，得阴湿而生，有小毒，惟治下疳，取而煎汤洗之甚效。辟蜈蚣伤。近有好奇者，每用以
煎水洗口舌生疮，遏毒戕胃，贻误非浅。附案辛酉年秋日，高族侄务农，偶受风热齿痛及咽疼，素性悭吝，视财
重于命，不肯服药，自饮石膏汤二大碗，复取青苔煎汤，含于口内齿，患未见平，而已昏沉不省人事，势将殆矣。
亟延余往诊之，两脉濡弱无力，乃投以养阴重剂，渐及甘温之品，调治月余，始能痊健，反耗去多金焉。
一栗蒲刺壳。苦、涩而凉，陈者尤甚。近来人之气体渐弱，所有口疮舌疮口糜诸症，皆不宜用此煎洗，不识
者，每为所误，以致口舌疮愈蔓延，至及于咽喉上颚，更有转为白缠喉而伤夭者，已不止数觏矣。余尝治口舌各
疮，其未用此刺壳洗者易疗。倘经洗过数次，便难应手，曾屡试验不爽。即此一味，误人最多，盖由于乡曲农夫
暨妇人等类多惜费，竟喜此种简便，而不知此苦涩之为害无穷也。以上诸品与白腐之属燥，兼肺肾不足，以及口
舌生白疮诸症，皆不相宜之味，奈泥古不化，及一知半解之医，遇症每率用之，施施然夸为得法，因此被误而夭
枉者甚多，殊深恻悯，故特表而出之。
Shengong Dan (Miraculous Merit Pill) treats sore throat, white putrefaction (white rotting patches on the throat), erosion, white sores on the mouth and tongue, oral candidiasis (mouth rot), lip sores, tongue ulceration, and white sores at the root of the tongue. Its efficacy is miraculous.
Qingguo Tan (Charred Oleifera Fruit, 1 qian) Fenghuang Yi (Phoenix Egg Membrane, 1 qian) Ercha (Catechu, 1 qian) Chuanbeimu (Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, heart removed, 1 qian) Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex, 8 fen) Bohe Ye (Menthae Haplocalycis Folium, 8 fen)
Bingpian (Borneol, 5 li)
The above herbs are each ground into fine powder, sifted through a silk sieve, mixed evenly, then Borneol is added. Seal tightly to prevent leakage. Blow in a small amount each time. For severe putrefaction, add Renzhongbai (Human Urine Sediment, 2 qian).
Shengong Dan (Divine Merit Pill) This prescription is also wonderful.
Ren Zhongbai (Human Urine Sediment, 2 liang) Chuan Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex, 6 qian) Zhen Ercha (Authentic Catechu, 6 qian) Piao Qingdai (Washed Indigo Naturalis, 6 qian) Bohe Ye (Menthae Haplocalycis Folium, 6 qian) Zhen Meipian (Authentic Borneol, 6 fen)
Grind all herbs into extremely fine powder, sift, weigh accurately, mix evenly, add Borneol, and seal tightly for storage.
Mimi Dan (Secret Miraculous Pill) Treats throat ulceration, white putrefaction, and mouth sores.
One large Toad (Bufo bufo gargarizans), caught on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, hung in a shady place until dry. Place on Yin-Yang tiles and refine with gentle fire into a paste; do not burn. Grind into an extremely fine powder, add 2 li of Borneol, mix evenly, and seal. Blow in a small amount each time; very effective.
The following herbs are unsuitable for White Putrefaction syndrome (total 68 types).
1. Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix). For all types of Houfeng (wind-stroke of the throat), it must be strictly avoided, especially for white putrefaction. Qianghuo is a guiding herb for the Hand and Foot Taiyang meridians, dispersing cold pathogens from the muscle layer and relieving body pain. It has no relevance to throat diseases; why involve it unnecessarily? Yet, contemporary physicians often use it indiscriminately for throat conditions, leading to worsening symptoms and failure to heal. They remain deluded, repeating this error with subsequent patients, which is truly lamentable. Skilled practitioners never use it, regardless of wind-cold or fever, allowing heat to subside naturally, facilitating easier healing of throat afflictions without delay. Is this not superior?
2. Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix). Enters the Kidney and Bladder meridians, specifically managing damp-wind bi-syndrome in the lower jiao. It is also unsuitable for throat diseases.
3. Qinjiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix). Originally a Yangming meridian clearing-heat herb. It treats wind-cold-damp bi, promotes urination, resolves epidemic heat-toxins, and may be used for toothache, mouth sores, and fever.
4. Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix). Suitable for various throat wind conditions. However, if deficiency patterns are present, caution is required. For white putrefaction, it is contraindicated. Jiegeng ascends but does not descend; it opens lung orifices and carries other herbs upward. While suitable for Lung excess, it is inappropriate for white putrefaction caused by Lung-Kidney Yin deficiency, as ascending and opening orifices will exacerbate the condition. Uninformed physicians often recklessly prescribe 2-3 qian, further depleting Lung Qi and causing closure. Adding Shichangpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma) to assist only increases danger.
5. Shayean (Belamcandae Rhizoma). Bitter, cold, and toxic. Although recorded in Materia Medica as a key herb for throat obstruction-pain, it is acceptable for excess-heat patterns but unsuitable for patterns involving both excess and deficiency. Can bitter-cold and toxic herbs treat white putrefaction?
6. Shandougen (Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix). Extremely bitter and cold. Though famous for treating throat issues, it might slightly suit excess-type throat obstruction. However, white putrefaction belongs to Lung deficiency and dryness; how can it be prescribed recklessly? It should not be combined with the bitter-cold Shayean. Experts should exercise caution.
7. Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex). A Western medicine, sweet, pungent, slightly bitter, and cold. It clears Lung excess fire. Although it clears the Lung and stops cough/wheeze, it is not suitable for white putrefaction. Zhang Huikui stated: "It clears Lung excess." Li Shicai noted: "Ancient texts call it tonifying Qi, but not like Ginseng; it tonifies Zheng Qi by eliminating pathogens." Fools believe it is a tonic and use it for Lung deficiency, misunderstanding its nature. Furthermore, market substitutes often use Hawthorn root, making identification crucial.
8. Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica, also known as Jiasu). Releases the muscle layer, expels exterior pathogens, reduces fever/chills, clears head/eyes, and benefits the throat. However, it is unsuitable for white putrefaction. Do not use it just because it benefits the throat. Even cheap Jingjie has fakes, sometimes made from wild Su.
9. Longdancao (Gentianae Radix). Extremely bitter and cold, entering the Liver and Gallbladder meridians. Shizhen said: "Ministerial Fire resides in the Liver/Gallbladder; it is drained, not tonified. Draining Liver/Gallbladder heat benefits their Qi." However, extreme bitterness/coldness may damage Stomach rising Qi and aid fire pathogens if overused. Although it treats throat wind-heat, it must not be used for white putrefaction.
10. Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma). Extremely bitter and cold, the primary herb for excess fire. It should not be used recklessly for throat conditions.
11. Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix). Bitter and cold, enters the Heart meridian to overcome heat, resolves epidemics, clears the throat, and treats Lung/Stomach excess heat. Shizhen said: "Unsuitable for Lung deficiency because bitter-cold damages Earth (Spleen), harming the Mother." How can it be applied to white putrefaction?
12. Baiqian (Cynanchi Stauntonii Rhizoma). Treats Lung Qi stagnation/excess and chest/diaphragm fullness. Contraindicated in deficiency.
13. Dengcaoxin (Junci Medulla). Clears Lung heat, descends Heart fire, treats five stranguries, removes edema. Only burned Juncus ash treats throat obstruction. Do not use fresh Dengcaoxin for white putrefaction due to its Lung-clearing properties.
14. Digupi (Lycii Cortex). Bitter, slightly cold. Reduces bone-steaming fever with sweating from Yin deficiency-blood heat, and latent fire from Yin deficiency in Lung/Kidney/Palace of the Child. It nourishes Water to support Wood. It is harmless for white putrefaction but unnecessary.
15. Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix). Bitter, cold, light aroma. Cools Heart/Lung, relieves thirst/heat. Unsuitable for white putrefaction.
16. Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus). Bitter, pungent, slightly cold. Enters Hand/Foot Shaoyang/Yangming and Hand Shaoyin meridians. Clears Guest Heat in the Heart, drains Damp-Heat in the Stomach. Since sores/itching relate to Heart Fire, it is a key herb for sores, but unsuitable for white putrefaction.
17. Zhuling (Polyporus). Opens interstices, promotes urination. Not a throat treatment.
18. Jiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus). Enters Jueyin/Yangming meridians. Disperses wind-phlegm, treats wind-heat throat obstruction. Pungent, salty, warm, slightly toxic. Unsuitable for white putrefaction.
19. Niubangzi (Arctii Fructus, also known as Shuniuzi/Dalizi). Pungent, warm, enters Lung. Benefits throat, resolves macules/rashes, travels through twelve meridians, resolving while dispersing. Suitable for red/swollen throat with white formations. Unsuitable for deficiency patterns.
20. Yichen (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba). Enters Taiyang meridian. Treats jaundice and damp-heat. Why use it for white putrefaction?
21. Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma). Warm, extremely pungent, guiding herb for Hand Shaoyin. Opens orifices, treats wind-cold throat closure. Although Shaoyin meridian connects to the throat, it is unsuitable for Lung dryness, sore throat, and white putrefaction due to excessive dispersion. True Northern Xixin is rare; reed stems are often used as substitutes.
22. Pipaye (Loquat Leaf). Bitter, pungent, neutral. Lung/Stomach herb. Clears Lung, descends fire, resolves phlegm, stops vomiting. Unsuitable for white putrefaction.
23. Qiancao (Rubiae Cordifoliae Radix, also known as Guoshanlong). Red, enters Ying level, bitter, warm. Moves blood stasis, unblocks collaterals, similar to Honghua but more penetrating. Suitable for purple throat swelling with blood-level heat. Avoid in other throat conditions.
24. Zijingpi (Cercidiphylli Cortex). Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Breaks blood, eliminates abscesses. Unsuitable for Lung deficiency throat conditions. Yet widely used today, which is laughable.
25. Kuan Donghua (Farfarae Flos). Pungent, slightly warm, enters Hand Taiyin. Warms Lung Qi, treats cough. Suitable for cold-Lung, but unsuitable for white putrefaction with cough.
26. Changpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma). Pungent, warm, Heart/Liver herb. Moves stagnant Qi, opens orifices, clarifies senses, aids voice. Immortal texts praise it, but voice loss in white putrefaction results from damage to Lung/Kidney by exterior-dispersing/cold herbs, not wind-heat blockage. Do not use it merely to restore voice.
27. Lingyangjiao (Saigae Tataricae Cornu). Salty, cold, Wood element. Travels Shaoyuan/Jueyin. Clears Liver, settles wind in the throat. Useless for these conditions.
28. Xijiao (Rhinocerotis Cornu - Note: Substitute legally). Pungent, bitter, slightly sweet, cold. Enters Yangming. Clears Stomach fire, cools Heart/Liver, resolves high fever/wind-toxin/yang-toxin. Do not use for throat conditions or white putrefaction with macules. Zhang Zhongjing said substitute with Shengma if Xijiao is unavailable, due to shared ascending/scattering properties. Moderns know Xijiao clears heat but ignore its strong ascending nature, which is more potent than Shengma. Caution is essential.
29. Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum). Sweet, cold. Clears Lung/Stomach/Sanjiao fire. Key herb for Yangming excess. Do not use lightly if white putrefaction accompanies flowing erysipelas/macules.
30. Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma). Bitter, cold. Enters Blood level of Foot Taiyin, Hand/Foot Yangming, Hand/Foot Jueyin. Toxic, fierce, called "General". Pushes out old, generates new, moves directly, clears excess heat, moves blood stasis, breaks accumulations. If used in Qi level, it over-drains. Used for Typhoid/Epidemic excess. Materia Medica does not record it for throat obstruction; highly unsuitable for white putrefaction. Pan's use of it for all throat conditions is inexplicable.
31. Mutong (Akebiae Caulis, also known as Tongcao). Bitter, cold. Pericardium, Small Intestine, Bladder herbs. Opens nine orifices, spreads blood vessels, reduces edema, unblocks joints. Despite clearing heat reputation, do not use recklessly for throat conditions.
32. Chixiaodou (Vigna Semen Rubrum). Clears heat-toxin, promotes urination. White putrefaction strictly forbids promoting urination.
33. Shengma ( Cimicifugae Rhizoma). Slightly bitter, neutral qi, slightly pungent. Enters Spleen/Stomach/Large Intestine/Lung. Ascends and scatters, resolves exterior wind-heat/macules, guides Shigao for dental decay/swelling. Contraindicated in upper excess Qi stagnation, flaming fire, Lung/Kidney insufficiency, water-fire disconnection, and white putrefaction.
34. Tu Niuxi (Cyathulae Radix). Bitter, pungent, slightly toxic. Juice with milk induces vomiting of phlegm for wind-heat excess throat closure. Do not use for other throat conditions; it injures Yuan Qi and is ineffective.
35. Madouling (Aristolochiae Manshuriensis Fructus). If cold invades Hand Taiyin Lung, this bitter-descending herb clears Lung heat, stops cough/wheeze. Light, empty, matches Lung image. Manages Lung excess wheezing by clearing heat/descending Qi. Unsuitable for Lung deficiency wheezing.
36. Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba). Pungent, sweet, warm, slightly astringent. Enters Hand Taiyin/Foot Taiyang. Removes cold from Ying, reaches muscle/exterior, disperses wind, opens Lung cold-stagnation, unblocks nine orifices. Key herb for dispersing cold. White putrefaction is Lung deficiency-dry-heat. Misuse of exterior-dispersing/cold herbs causes wheezing. If doctors mistake this for Lung heat and use Mahuang again, Lung Qi perishes. Caution!
37. Chantui (Cicadae Periostracum). Sweet, salty, slightly cool. Transformed from Wood/Earth residual Qi, feeds on wind/dew, clear/empty Qi. Treats excess wind-heat by opening interstices. Restoring voice relies on "lightness removing excess," treating wind-heat blockage. Voice loss in white putrefaction is due to Lung Yin deficiency from mis-treatment, not addressed by Chantui. Voice originates from Kidney.
38. Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma). Extremely pungent, slightly bitter, warm, toxic. Slippery quality, dries dampness. Enters Spleen/Stomach/Gallbladder. Raw irritates throat; processed descends Lung Qi, opens Stomach, strengthens Spleen, resolves phlegm, stops cough/vomiting/reversal flow, disperses wind-closure aphonia. Cheng Liaoshe: "Banxia disperses, moves water, moistens Kidney dryness." Haogu: "Banxia treats phlegm symptom, not root. Root is Kidney." Cough is formless (moist); Phlegm is formed (dry). Banxia is not a Lung herb. Yu Jiayan: "Banxia harmonizes Yin/Yang." Li Shizhen: "Using it for Yin deficiency/labor damage without damp-heat exhausts fluids; doctor's fault, not herb's." Consider if Banxia suits white putrefaction dryness.
39. Xuanfuhua (Inulae Flos, also known as Jinfeicao). Sweet, salty, slightly warm. Enters Lung/Large Intestine. Unblocks vessels, resolves knotted phlegm, removes痞坚. Suitable for Qi stagnation/damp-heat. Contraindicated in Qi deficiency/Kidney Yin insufficiency.
40. Kushen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix). Treats malignant sores/abscesses. Cannot treat throat white putrefaction.
41. Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix). Pungent, sweet, neutral, cold. Yangming herb. Lightly ascending/dispersing, treats forehead pain, releases muscle, stops thirst, erupts measles, detoxifies/alcohol. Reaches all Yang meridians, best for Yangming. Due to light Qi,功效 is releasing exterior/sweating. Unsuitable for throat conditions.
42. Mabo (Lasiosphaerae Sclerotium). Pungent, neutral. Light/empty, clears Lung, resolves heat/blood, treats throat obstruction/sore throat/epistaxis/aphonia. For excess patterns (used in Puji Xiaodu Yin). Unsuitable for white putrefaction sore throat/aphonia. External application for sores is good.
43. Shanzhiren (Gardeniae Fructus). Bitter, cold. Clears Heart/Lung fire, removes heat-stagnation, unblocks five stranguries/Sanjiao fire-stagnation. Descending flavor drains Liver/Kidney/Bladder fire. Unsuitable for deficiency-cold.
44. Xiakucao (Prunellae Spica). Bitter, slightly pungent, enters Jueyin alone. Resolves Liver Qi, eliminates scrofula, dissipates nodules, stops eye pain, opens depression, treats mastitis. Not a throat herb.
45. Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix). Bitter, slightly pungent, neutral, slightly cold. Enters Liver/Gallbladder/Sanjiao/Pericardium. Cool nature. Resolves alternating chills/fever, surface tidal fever, Shaoyang headache, Liver depression, warm-malaria heat, calms Liver heat/bitter taste. Suitable for pathogen excess, unsuitable for deficiency. Zhang Huikui: "Chaihu strongly drains Qi. Contraindicated in Yin deficiency/water depletion/isolated Yang labor-fever; harms Ying Qi." Wang Haicang: "Using Chaihu without excess heat invites death."
46. Qianhu (Peucedani Radix). Bitter descending, slightly cold. Lung/Liver herb. Disperses wind/resolves heat, resolves phlegm/descends Qi. Both "Hu" are wind herbs, but Chaihu ascends, Qianhu descends; natures differ. Using them together is contradictory and laughable.
47. Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma). Pungent, slightly sweet, warm. Dispersive, Blood level herb, opens Blood Sea. Overdose scatters True Qi, causing sudden death. For headache due to Three Yang fire stagnation, ascending makes it worse. Moderns misunderstand ascending/descending, thinking Chuanxiong cures headaches. In throat Kai Guan San (Chuanxiong + Baizhi), it lifts/captures. Recent throat conditions often have deficiency-dryness; reckless use is dangerous.
48. Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix). Pungent, warm, dense Qi. Guiding herb for Hand Yangming. Pungent-aromatic reaches exterior, expels wind-cold/heat, Lung wind-heat. Treats sores/pus, stops itch/pain, headache, unblocks nine orifices, induces heavy sweating. Treats snake bites.
49. Qingtai (Green Moss). Extremely bitter, cold, grows in yin-dampness, slightly toxic. Treats chancre; decoction wash is effective. Repels centipede bites. Curious people now use decoction wash for mouth/tongue sores, suppressing toxin/injuring Stomach, causing deep harm. Case Study: Xin You autumn, nephew Wunong had wind-heat tooth/throat pain. Stingy, refused medicine, drank two large bowls of Gypsum soup, then held Qingtai decoction in mouth. Condition worsened, coma ensued. Pulse was soggy/weak/forceless. Prescribed heavy Yin-nourishing, then sweet-warm herbs. Recovered after one month, costing much money.
50. Lipuci Ke (Hickory Husk). Bitter, astringent, cool. Older is stronger. Modern constitutions weaken; mouth/tongue sores/oral candidiasis should not use this wash. Ignorance leads to spread of sores to throat/palate, turning into white winding throat (fatal). I treated sores washed with this husk; they were hard to cure. Untreated ones healed easily. This single herb harms many due to rural poor/folk preferring cheap/easy solutions, ignoring infinite harm of bitterness/astringency. The above herbs are unsuitable for white putrefaction (dryness, Lung/Kidney insufficiency, white mouth sores). Stubborn traditionalists and half-knowledgeable doctors use them rashly, boasting success. Many die from errors. I list them out of compassion.