Library

According to Zhang Zhongjing's preface: He wrote the *Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases* (*Shanghan Zabing Lun*), combined into sixteen volumes. The *Liang Qilu* records: Zhang Zhongjing's *Differentiating Cold Damage* (*Bian Shanghan*) in ten volumes. The *New Book of Tang, Treatise on Literature* (*Xin Tang Shu Yiwenzhi*) records: *Treatise on Cold Damage and Sudden Illness* (*Shanghan Zubi Lun*) in ten volumes. This is what is currently transmitted as the *Treatise on Cold Damage* (*Shanghan Lun*), which constitutes the ten volumes out of the sixteen mentioned. The remaining six volumes are the *Treatise on Miscellaneous Diseases* (*Zabing Lun*), which is the current *Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Casket* (*Jingui Yaolue*). The lost parts (also discussed in Yuan Dynasty Deng Zhen's preface). Examining the *Thousand Gold Formulas* (*Qianjin Fang*), it mentions that physicians in Jiangnan kept Zhang Zhongjing's essential formulas secret and did not transmit them. In the Sui Dynasty, Chao Yuanfang compiled the *General Treatise on Pathogenesis and Symptoms of All Diseases* (*Bingyuan Holun*); in its "Cold Damage Section," there is content from the *Treatise on Cold Damage*, but Zhang Zhongjing's name is not attached. It was likely collected based on citations from the *Short Drama* (*Duanju*). However, regarding the thirty-six diseases of women, it states: "Zhang Zhongjing's theories are most profound and mysterious, beyond the comprehension of my shallow understanding." Did Chao Yuanfang only glance at the *Treatise on Miscellaneous Diseases* and not encounter the *Treatise on Cold Damage*? Sun Simiao, in his later years, obtained Zhang Zhongjing's original texts and included them in Volumes 9 and 10 of the *Emergency Thousand Gold Formulas* (*Beiji Qianjin Yaofang*), while other sections did not cite Zhang Zhongjing. Did Sun Simiao only study the *Treatise on Cold Damage* and fail to see the *Treatise on Miscellaneous Diseases*? By the Tianbao era of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Tao compiled the *Secret Essential Prescriptions of the Outer Cabinet* (*Waitai Miyao*), recording the formulas and herbs of this book and stating they came from Zhang Zhongjing's *Treatise on Cold Damage*, without changing the old title. The original book might have been preserved only in imperial libraries, and Wang Tao specifically gained access to it (see details in *Comprehensive Overview of Cold Damage*).

It seems that Zhang Zhongjing's books, from the Jin Dynasty through the Sui and Tang Dynasties, were sometimes prominent and sometimes obscure, sometimes separated and sometimes combined, with varied transmission histories. Perhaps during the Tang Dynasty, someone merged the *Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases* and renamed it *Golden Casket Jade Box* (*Jingui Yuhan*) for transmission. (The current *Jade Box Classic* (*Yuhan Jing*) is also considered an alternative version of the *Treatise on Cold Damage* by late Tang people; looking at its general examples, it appears to be compiled from classical formulas of the Jin and Six Dynasties periods, suspected to be of Daoist origin.) Later generations abridged its essentials, condensing it into three volumes, renaming it *Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Casket Jade Box* (*Jingui Yuhan Yaolue*). Otherwise, the meaning behind the name "Yaolue" (Essentials) would be incomprehensible. Moreover, Lin Yi stated in his preface that the text of the *Treatise on Cold Damage* is largely abridged, and since a complete version exists, we know it has been abridged. Regarding the *Miscellaneous Diseases*, although no other versions exist for verification, by analogy with the *Cold Damage* section, we can infer that the old text has also been abridged. Lin Yi's preface further states that it should retain the old name *Jingui Fanglun*. Xu Rong therefore believed that the copy obtained by Wang Zhu in the library was named *Jingui Yuhan Yaolue Fanglun*, and that this renaming occurred during the Five Dynasties period. However, Jia Gongyan's commentary on the *Rites of Zhou* (*Zhou Li*) under "Disease Doctor" cites: "Zhang Zhongjing's *Jingui* says: Shennong tasted hundreds of herbs, implying he was Yan Di." This text is absent in the current *Yaolue*; was it deleted later? From this, we know the term "Jingui" existed in the Tang Dynasty and was certainly not a renaming from the Five Dynasties. Yet, the Sui and Old/New *Tang Shu* bibliographies do not list Zhang Zhongjing's *Jingui Yuhan*. Investigating the origin of this name, the *Book of Jin* biography of Ge Hong states: Ge Hong wrote *Jingui Pharmaceutical Formulas* (*Jingui Yaofang*) in one hundred volumes. Based on the *Handbook of Prescriptions Ready at Hand* (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*) and *Baopuzi*, Ge Hong claimed his hundred-volume work was named *Yuhan Fang*. Thus, these two must refer to the same book. (Ge Hong also wrote *Yuhan Decoction Formulas* in five volumes, recorded in the *Sui Shu*). Therefore, "Jingui Yuhan" was originally a title given by Ge Hong. Later Tang scholars who revered Zhang Zhongjing adopted this title. Due to keeping it precious and secret, it may have been lost in catalog records. (Lin Yi's *Commentary on the Jingui Yuhan Jing* says: Because Zhang Zhongjing had a *Jingui Record*, the name *Jingui Yuhan* was taken to mean treasuring and storing. Note: Other books do not mention Zhang Zhongjing's *Jingui*. Only the Song edition, Yu manuscript, and Zhao Kaimei edition contain a short postscript after Lin Yi's preface saying: "Zhang Zhongjing's *Jingui Record* says..." I have always doubted this. However, since the Song edition includes it, this must have been written by the compiler of the *Yaolue* in the late Tang Dynasty, derived from the prefaces of the *Zhouhou Beiji Fang* and *Baopuzi*. Its intent is unfounded and diffuse, characteristic of Daoist writers.)

The *Han Shu Yiwenzhi* records *Kanyu Jingui* in fourteen volumes. Ru Chun's annotation on the *Book of Han, Annals of Gaozu* says: *Jingui* is like *Jinteng* (Golden Lockers). Yan Shigu's annotation says: Using metal for cabinets signifies caution and preservation. Wang Zi Nian's *Shiyi Ji* records: During King Ling of Zhou's reign, two divine scribes from Futi offered their services to assist Laozi in writing the *Daodejing*. They wrote on jade slips, bound with gold cords, and stored them in jade boxes. The *Biographies of Divine Immortals* (*Shenxian Zhuan*) records: Wei Shuqing entered Mount Taihua and told his son Weidushi: "Return home and take the jade box from the northwest corner of my meditation room, under the large pillar. Inside the box is a divine plain-text scripture. Take it and prepare the medicine according to the prescription. After one year, you will be able to ride the clouds." Gao You's annotation on the *Huainanzi, Yaolue* says: The twenty chapters of *Honglie* briefly count their essentials, clarify their meanings, describe their subtleties, and discuss their general principles. Could the naming originate from here? Huangfu Mi said: Zhang Zhongjing demonstrated excellence in fixed formulas (from *Book of Jin* biography). Tao Hongjing said: Only Zhang Zhongjing's single work is the ancestor of all formulas, and it strictly follows the *Materia Medica* (*Bencao*), relying solely on his skill in pulse diagnosis and understanding climatic conditions to adjust prescriptions accordingly (from *Bencao Preface*). These two masters lived close to Zhang Zhongjing's time, and their words are thus. However, some formulas and discussions in the *Yaolue* do not conform to strict rules. Hence, modern people sometimes claim certain treatises are not Zhang Zhongjing's originals, or certain formulas are not authentic. They arbitrarily delete and modify, claiming to restore antiquity (Cheng Lin and others have already criticized this). This is mistaken. Chao Yuanfang's *Pathogenesis* cites the *Duanju*: Hua Tuo's essence lies in simple and concise formulas, whereas Zhang Zhongjing's classics include Hou Shi Hei San and Zi Shi Ying Fang, which involve complex combinations and adjustments. Chen Yanzhi, an early Jin person, held similar views. Even up to the Song dynasty appendices at the end of chapters, the *Thousand Gold Formulas* and *Waitai Miyao* cite Zhang Zhongjing frequently. How could those who now doubt these contents realize that they are completely different from Zhang Zhongjing's original treatises and formulas? These should be preserved without debate. (Modern scholar Yao Jiheng, in *Examination of Pseudographical Books Throughout History*, states: *Jingui Yuhan Jing*, also known as *Jingui Yaolue*, is attributed to Han Dynasty Zhang Zhongjing and compiled by Jin Dynasty Wang Shuhe. Note: This was not written by Zhang Zhongjing but is a later forgery. General overview.)

Reviewing historical bibliographies, besides the *Treatise on Cold Damage*, *Jade Box Classic*, and *Essential Prescriptions*, several other works by Zhang Zhongjing are listed: *Huangsu Fang* in 25 volumes, *Shanghan Shenyan Fang* in 1 volume, *Pingbing Yaofang* in 2 volumes (all from *Qilu*); *Liao Funren Fang* in 2 volumes (from *Sui Shu*). (Chen Ziming's *Good Prescriptions for Women* states: For men and women suffering from cold damage, Zhang Zhongjing's treatment methods are unique and undisputed. Recently, I have seen folk books on female cold damage claiming to be written by Zhang Zhongjing with a preface by Wang Shuhe. Testing them against medical laws, some are useful, but I suspect they are not ancient formulas, merely borrowing the sage's name to gain credibility.) *Zhang Zhongjing Fang* in 15 volumes (cited in *Taiping Yulan* from *Zhang Zhongjing Fang Preface and Discussion*, mentioning Zhang Zhongjing, Zhang Bozu, and Wei Shen). Recorded in *Sui Shu* and Old/New *Tang Shu*. *Mai Jing*, *Wazang Rongwei Lun*, *Wazang Lun*, *Liao Huang Jing Kouchi Lun*, each in 1 volume (from *Song Shi*). Totaling ten works, fifty volumes. None survive today, which is truly regrettable. Written on the last day of the first month of the spring of the Jia Yin year of Kansei, at Yongguan Studio in Mount Nikko. Danbo Yuanjian Lianfu.

I previously compiled the *Exegesis of the Treatise on Cold Damage* and then began compiling the exegesis of the *Jingui Formulas*. I drafted this in September 10th of the Bing Yin year of Bunka. Braving the cold and sweating, I did not finish one session until August 6th of this year. The chapter "Comprehensive Overview" was written over ten years ago; I have slightly revised it and placed it at the beginning of the volume. The editions collated are: The Song Edition (does not include the section on miscellaneous treatments below); The Xu Rong Edition (collected in *Yitong Zhengmai*); The Yu Manuscript; and The Zhao Kaimei Edition. Commentators cited include: Xu Bin (author of *Lunzhu*); Cheng Lin (author of *Zhijie*); Shen Mingzong (author of *Bianzhu*); Wei Litong (author of *Benyi*); You Yi (author of *Xindian*); and *Jian* refers to *Yizong Jinjian*. (Cheng Lin notes: In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhao Yi De provided commentary, followed by Hu Niannian. Their formula commentaries contained many errors. The two families mentioned here have not survived.) The format follows that of the *Shanghan Jiyi* exactly, so I did not write a separate preface or general rules, fearing that my research might be inaccurate and errors numerous. I dare not show it to experts, but merely pass it to my children. Yuan Jian, the humble writer from Liyin, acknowledges. Sons Yuan Yin and Yuan Jian proofread.