冷嗽者，身受寒气，口饮寒浆得之。盖肺主气，外合皮毛，而其经内循胃口，故外内得
寒，
皆能伤之。经云∶形寒饮冷，外内合邪，因而客之，则为肺咳是也。其症呼吸不利，呕吐冷
沫，胸中急痛，恶寒声嘶，得温则减，得寒益甚。
仲景小青龙汤 散外寒，蠲内饮。
麻黄 芍药 干姜 炙甘草 细辛 桂枝（各三两） 五味子 半夏（各升半）
上八味，以水一斗先煮麻黄减二升，去上沫，内诸药，煮取三升，去滓，温服一升。
此散寒蠲饮之神剂。东垣云∶肺寒气逆，则宜五味子同干姜治之。有痰者以半夏为佐。
按∶
《金匮》浓朴麻黄汤，加浓朴、石膏、杏仁、小麦，减桂枝、芍药。《圣济》干姜汤，加紫
菀、杏仁、减芍药、细辛、半夏。《外台》羊肺汤
，加款冬、紫菀、白前，食茱萸，减麻黄、芍药、半夏。《易简》杏仁汤，加人参、茯苓、
杏仁，去麻黄。其干姜、五味、甘草则四方如一辙也。盖本一青龙而各有裁制耳。
加减麻黄汤
麻黄（去节，一两） 桂枝 炙甘草（各半两） 陈皮 半夏（各七钱） 杏仁（五十个，去
皮尖，微妙另研）
上细锉，每三钱，紫苏七叶，生姜四片，煎服。
三拗汤
麻黄 杏仁 甘草（炙，各等分）
上 咀，每服三钱，生姜三片，煎服微汗愈。深师有细辛。《外台》加桂枝，名小投杯
汤。《和剂》加苏子、茯苓、桑皮，名华盖散。
《圣济》饴糖煎
饴糖 干姜（炒，一两半） 豉（炒，二两） 杏仁（五十个，去皮尖）
上分二剂，煎去滓，入饴糖，干姜末服。
按∶咳嗽经年不愈，余无他症，服药无效者，得三拗汤恒愈。多用清凉，屡发屡甚，别
无热
症者，得饴糖煎遂瘥。不可不知也。《局方》于麻黄、杏仁、甘草中，加阿胶、贝母、桑叶
、知母、款冬、半夏，盖杂清润于辛温之内，凡阴虚邪伏者，服之最宜，名款冬花散。
Cold cough (Leng Sou) arises from the body contracting external cold pathogens and consuming cold fluids. The Lung governs Qi, is externally connected to the skin and hair, and its meridian internally circulates through the stomach region; therefore, both external cold and internal consumption of cold drinks can injure the Lung. The Classics state: "When the form is chilled and food/drink is cold, external and internal evils combine, lodging within, resulting in Lung cough." Its symptoms include difficulty in breathing, vomiting of cold froth, urgency and pain in the chest, aversion to cold, hoarseness, relief with warmth, and aggravation with cold.
Zhang Zhongjing's Xiao Qing Long Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction) disperses external cold and eliminates internal fluid retention.
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Shaoyao), Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Ganjiang), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Preparata (Zhigancao), Asari Radix (Xixin), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi) (each 3 liang); Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi), Pinelliae Tuber (Banxia) (each 0.5 sheng).
Take these eight herbs, add one dou of water, first boil Ephedrae Herba until reduced by two sheng, skim off the foam on top, then add the remaining herbs. Boil until three sheng remain, strain, and take one sheng warm.
This is a miraculous formula for dispersing cold and eliminating fluid retention. Li Dongyuan stated: For Lung cold with rebellious Qi, it is appropriate to treat with Schisandrae Fructus combined with Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens. If there is phlegm, use Pinelliae Tuber as an assistant herb.
Note:
Nongpu Mahuang Tang in *Jin Gui Yao Lue* adds Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Nongpu), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren), and Triticum Aestivum (Xiaomai) to Xiao Qing Long Tang, while removing Cinnamomi Ramulus and Paeoniae Radix Alba. Ganjiang Tang in *Sheng Ji Zong Lu* adds Asteris Radix (Ziwan) and Armeniacae Semen Amarum, while removing Paeoniae Radix Alba, Asari Radix, and Pinelliae Tuber. Yangfei Tang in *Waitai Mi Yao* adds Dendrobii Flos (Kuandonghua), Asteris Radix, Cynanchi Atrati Radix (Baiqian), and Corni Fructus (Shizhuyu), while removing Ephedrae Herba, Paeoniae Radix Alba, and Pinelliae Tuber. Xingren Tang in *Yijian Fang* adds Ginseng Radix (Renshen), Poria (Fuling), and Armeniacae Semen Amarum, while removing Ephedrae Herba. The combination of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Schisandrae Fructus, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Preparata remains consistent across all four formulas. Essentially, they are all variations derived from Xiao Qing Long Tang with specific modifications.
Jiajian Mahuang Tang (Modified Ephedra Decoction)
Ephedrae Herba (devoid of joints, 1 liang), Cinnamomi Ramulus, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Preparata (each 0.5 liang), Tangerine Peel (Chenpi), Pinelliae Tuber (each 7 qian), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (50 seeds, devoid of skin and tips, slightly fried and separately ground).
Finely chop the herbs. For each dose of 3 qian, decoct with 7 leaves of Perilla Folium (Zisu) and 4 slices of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang).
San'ao Tang (Three Unyielding Decoction)
Ephedrae Herba, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Preparata (equal parts).
Crush the herbs. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with 3 slices of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens. Cure is achieved when slight sweating occurs. Shen Shi Fang includes Asari Radix. *Waitai Mi Yao* adds Cinnamomi Ramulus, naming it Xiaotoubei Tang. *Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang* adds Perillae Fructus (Suzi), Poria, and Morus Alba Cortex (Sangpiao), naming it Huagai San.
Yitang Jian (Maltose Decoction) from *Sheng Ji Zong Lu*
Maltose (Yitang), Zingiberis Rhizoma (stir-fried, 1.5 liang), Sojae Semen Preparatum (Chao Chi, stir-fried soybeans, 2 liang), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (50 seeds, devoid of skin and tips).
Divide into two doses. Decoct, strain, add Maltose, and administer with powdered Zingiberis Rhizoma.
Note: For chronic cough persisting for years without other symptoms and unresponsive to medication, San'ao Tang often brings a cure. If frequent use of cooling/clearing herbs leads to recurrence and worsening without heat signs, Yitang Jian will resolve it. This must be known. In *Ju Fang*, Euphorbiae Humifusae Herba (Ejiao), Fritillariae Bulbus (Beimu), Mori Folium (Sangye), Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu), Dendrobii Flos, and Pinelliae Tuber are added to Ephedrae Herba, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Preparata. This mixes clearing and moistening herbs with acrid-warm ones. It is most suitable for patients with Yin deficiency and latent pathogens, and is named Kuandonghua San.