郁热者，由肺先有热，而寒复客之，热为寒郁，肺不得通，则喘咳暴作。其候恶寒，时
有热，口
中干，咽中痛，或失音不出是也。宜辛以散寒，凉以除热，或只用辛散，使寒去则热自解。
若遽以苦寒折之，邪气被抑，遗祸不少。
《本事》利膈汤
鸡苏叶 荆芥 桔梗 牛蒡子 甘草 僵蚕 元参（各一两）
上为末，每服一钱，沸汤点服，日三。
方古庵云∶肺主皮毛。人无病之时，营卫周流，内气自皮肤腠理普达于外，一或风寒外
束，
则内气不得外达，便从中起，所以火升痰上，故咳嗽。宜用辛温或辛凉之剂，以发散风寒，
则邪退正复嗽止也。
饮气嗽者，其症喘咳上气，胸膈注闷，难于偃卧。许仁则云∶由所饮之物，停澄在胸，
水气
上冲入肺，便成咳嗽，此而不治，则为水气。《医余》亦云∶此症宜利水道，化痰下气，不
尔则成水。
深师白前汤
白前（二两） 半夏 紫菀（各三两） 大戟（七合）
水一斗，渍一宿，煮取三升，作分数服。
芫花散
芫花 干姜 白蜜（等分）
上用前二味为末，内蜜中搅令相和，微火煎如糜，服如枣核一枚，日三夜一。《备急方
》用枳壳二两炒，水煮去滓，内白糖一斤，服如枣大。
葶苈大枣泻肺汤
葶苈（不拘多少，炒金黄）
上件细研，丸如弹子大，水三盏，枣十枚，煎一盏，去枣入药，煎七分，食后服。
孙兆治一人吐痰，顷间已升余，咳不已，面色郁暗，精神不快。兆告曰∶肺中有痰，胸
膈不
利，当服仲景葶苈大枣汤，一服讫，已觉胸中快利，略无痰唾矣。《外台》用葶苈、杏仁各
一升，大枣六十枚，合捣如膏，加蜜作丸梧子大，桑白皮饮下六七十丸，以大便通利为度。
《本事》枣膏丸，无杏仁，有陈皮、苦桔梗，枣肉丸梧子大，每服五七丸，饮下。许叔微云
∶余常患停饮，久渍肺经，食已必嚏，渐喘，觉肺系急，服此良验。
苏子降气汤 治年久肺气，咳嗽喘逆，上盛下虚，痰涎壅盛，胸膈噎塞。
紫苏子（炒） 半夏（制，各钱半） 前胡 甘草（炙） 浓朴（姜汁炒） 陈皮（去白，各一
钱） 当归（一钱半） 沉香（七分）
水二盅，生姜三片，煎至一盅，不拘时服。虚冷人加桂五分，黄 一钱。
一人痰嗽，胁下痛，以白芥子、栝蒌、桔梗、连翘、风化硝、竹沥、姜汁加蜜丸噙化，
茶清下。
按∶痰饮有寒有热，凡咳而面赤，胸腹胁常热，惟手足乍有凉时，其脉洪者，热痰在胸
膈也
。宜寒润清膈之剂下之。面白悲嚏，胁急胀痛，脉沉细弦迟者，寒痰在胸膜，宜以辛热去
之。
痰热久嗽，气急胸满，知母、杏仁、萝卜子、贝母各二钱，生姜一斤，水煎服。
玉液丸 治热痰壅盛，咳嗽烦热。
寒水石（烧令赤，出火毒，水飞过，三十两） 半夏（洗焙为末，十两） 白矾（枯，十两
，细研）
上合研，面糊丸梧子大，每服三十丸，食后淡姜汤下。
治妇人形瘦，有时夜热痰嗽，月经不调。
香附（童便浸，晒干，上） 栝蒌（中） 青黛（下）
上为末，姜汁蜜调，噙化豆大一丸。
Cough due to constrained heat arises when there is pre-existing internal heat in the Lung, which is then invaded by external cold. The heat becomes constrained by the cold, preventing the free flow of Lung Qi, resulting in sudden onset of wheezing and coughing. Symptoms include aversion to cold, intermittent fever, dry mouth, sore throat, hoarseness, or even aphonia (loss of voice). Treatment should employ acrid herbs to disperse cold and cool herbs to clear heat, or simply use acrid dispersants so that once the cold is resolved, the heat dissipates naturally. If bitter-cold herbs are hastily used to forcibly subdue the heat, the pathogenic factor may be suppressed internally, leading to significant aftereffects.
Lige Decoction from *Ben Shi Fang*:
*Hemionitis artemisiifoliae Folium* (Jisu Ye), *Schizonepetae Herba* (Jingjie), *Platycodonis Radix* (Jiegeng), *Akebiae Fructus* (Niubangzi), *Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma* (Gancao), *Bombyx Batryticatus* (Jiangcan), *Scrophulariae Radix* (Yuanshen) (each 1 liang).
Grind the above into powder. Take 1 qian per dose, mixed with boiling water. Take three times daily.
Fang Gu'an stated: The Lung governs the skin and hair. When a person is healthy, Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) Qi circulate freely, and internal Qi extends outward through the skin and interstices. If wind-cold binds externally, internal Qi cannot reach the exterior, causing disturbances from within. This leads to rising fire and ascending phlegm, resulting in cough. It is appropriate to use acrid-warm or acrid-cool preparations to disperse wind-cold; thus, the pathogen retreats, Zheng Qi recovers, and the cough stops.
Cough due to fluid retention presents with wheezing, coughing, rebellious Qi, chest and diaphragm fullness and oppression, and difficulty lying flat. Xu Renze said: This occurs because ingested fluids stagnate and settle in the chest. Fluid Qi rushes upward into the Lung, forming cough. If untreated, this condition develops into fluid disease (*Shui Qi*). *Yi Yu* also states: This condition requires promoting urination, resolving phlegm, and directing Qi downward; otherwise, it will evolve into fluid disease.
Baishen Baiqian Decoction from *Shenshi*:
*Baiqian* (2 liang), *Banxia*, *Ziwan* (each 3 liang), *Daji* (7 he).
Soak in 1 dou of water overnight, decoct to obtain 3 sheng of liquid. Divide into doses for administration.
Yuanhua Powder:
*Yuanhua*, *Ganjiang*, *Bai Mi* (equal parts).
Grind the first two ingredients into powder, mix with honey, and simmer over low heat until paste-like. Take one pill the size of a jujube pit, three times daily and once at night. *Beiji Fang* uses stir-fried *Zhike* (2 liang), boiled in water, strained, and mixed with 1 jin of white sugar to form pills the size of jujubes.
Tingli Dazao Xiefei Tang (Descurainia Seed and Jujube Decoction to Drain the Lung):
*Tinglizi* (amount not fixed, stir-fried until golden yellow).
Grind finely and form pills the size of marbles. Decoct 3 cups of water with 10 jujubes until reduced to 1 cup. Remove jujubes, add the pill, and decoct until 0.7 cup remains. Take after meals.
Sun Zhao treated a patient who vomited more than 1 sheng of phlegm in a short time, with persistent cough, dark complexion, and poor spirit. Sun Zhao said: "There is phlegm in the Lung causing obstruction in the chest and diaphragm. You should take Zhang Zhongjing's Tingli Dazao Tang." After one dose, the patient felt relief in the chest, and the phlegm disappeared almost completely. *Waitai Miyao* uses *Tinglizi* and *Xingren* (each 1 sheng) and 60 jujubes, pounded into a paste, mixed with honey to form pills the size of mulberry seeds. Take 60-70 pills with *Sangbaipi* decoction, stopping when bowel movements become unobstructed. *Ben Shi Fang*'s Zaogao Wan contains no *Xingren* but includes *Chenpi* and *Kujiegeng*, formed into pills the size of mulberry seeds using jujube flesh. Take 5-7 pills with water. Xu Shuwei said: "I often suffer from retained fluids stagnating in the Lung meridian. I sneeze immediately after eating, gradually develop wheezing, and feel tightness in the lung channels. Taking this formula yields excellent results."
Suzi Jiangqi Tang: Treats chronic Lung Qi dysfunction, cough, wheezing, and rebellious Qi, characterized by excess above and deficiency below, copious saliva and phlegm, and chest/diaphragm blockage.
*Zisuzi* (stir-fried), *Banxia* (processed, each 1.5 qian), *Qianhu*, *Gancao* (honey-fried), *Houpo* (stir-fried with ginger juice), *Chenpi* (peeled, each 1 qian), *Danggui* (1.5 qian), *Chenxiang* (0.7 fen).
Decoct with 2 cups of water and 3 slices of *Shengjiang* until 1 cup remains. Take as needed. For patients with deficiency-cold, add *Guizhi* (0.5 fen) and *Huangqin* (1 qian).
A patient with phlegm-cough and hypochondriac pain was treated with pills made from *Baijiezhi*, *Gualou*, *Jiegeng*, *Lianqiao*, *Fenghuaxiao*, *Zhuli*, and *Jiangzhi* mixed with honey for sucking, taken with tea infusion.
Note: Phlegm-fluids can be cold or hot. Cough with red face, frequent heat in the chest/abdomen/hypochondrium, occasional cold extremities, and a surging pulse indicates hot phlegm in the chest/diaphragm. Use cold-moistening and diaphragm-clearing purgatives. Pale face, sadness/sneezing, hypochondriac tightness/pain/distension, and deep/thin/wiry/slow pulse indicate cold phlegm in the chest membrane. Use acrid-hot herbs to dispel it.
For chronic cough due to phlegm-heat with shortness of breath and chest fullness, decoct *Zhimu*, *Xingren*, *Luobozhong* (radish seed), *Beimu* (each 2 qian) and 1 jin of *Shengjiang* in water.
Yuye Wan: Treats copious hot phlegm, cough, and irritability with heat.
*Han Shui Shi* (calcined until red, remove fire toxicity, water-triturated, 30 liang), *Banxia* (washed, dried, powdered, 10 liang), *Baifan* (calcined, 10 liang, finely ground).
Mix and grind, form pills with wheat starch paste the size of mulberry seeds. Take 30 pills after meals with light ginger soup.
Treats emaciated women with nocturnal heat, phlegm-cough, and irregular menstruation.
*Xiangfu* (steeped in child's urine, sun-dried, top grade), *Gualou* (medium grade), *Qingdai* (lower grade).
Grind into powder, mix with ginger juice and honey, suck one bean-sized pill.