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(Regarding the disease of wind stroke, *Huangdi Neijing* discusses it in great detail, yet readers often struggle to grasp the essentials. Moreover, it is frequently discussed together with Bi syndrome (obstruction syndrome). The differences within the similarities must not be ignored.) Wind pathogen causing disease (invades the human body from top to bottom, therefore) should present with hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the body). Or (if the pathogen stays in one area,) only the arm cannot move freely; this (is not caused by wind but) belongs to Bi syndrome (obstruction syndrome). (This is the major distinction between wind disease and Bi syndrome. However, wind enters through deficiency, and heat arises from wind. Therefore, upon diagnosis,) the pulse (weakness manifests as) fine and (heat manifests as) rapid. (It can be summarized in one sentence:) The established pattern of wind stroke (Zhong Feng) causes this. (Before the wind stroke occurs, while the internal righteous qi is still intact, it is not necessarily so.)

This section first distinguishes between wind disease and Bi syndrome. The eight characters "pulse is fine and rapid, caused by wind stroke" later on propose the general outline of wind stroke, like sailing a boat in the vast ocean without boundaries; relying on the compass in the middle to determine the north-south direction ensures the course will not go astray. I annotate: "Wind enters through deficiency" refers to Yang deficiency. The character "Yang" refers to the Taiyang (Greater Yang) channel. When Taiyang is deficient, it cannot protect the exterior and maintain solidity, hence the pulse is fine. I further annotate: "Heat arises from wind" because the person usually has internal heat, which is then invaded by wind. Wind is a Yang pathogen; internal heat combined with external wind creates a mutual incitement of wind and fire, hence the pulse is rapid. Students should understand that these eight characters are like a Bodhisattva of great compassion standing in the clouds pointing out the way. Below, there are only four formulas. The first formula is for those whose internal righteous qi has not been invaded by pathogens affecting the heart, demonstrating a method of blocking/occlusion. The second formula is for those who have already suffered wind stroke with pathogens entering the heart, resulting in paralysis or epilepsy, demonstrating a method of purging heat downwards. The third formula is for when pathogens have entered the heart and the condition resembles mania, demonstrating a method of treating both exterior and interior simultaneously. The fourth formula is for wind attacking the head and failing to dissipate, demonstrating an external treatment method. Carefully analyzing the intent of the formulas, they all focus on the Shaoyin (Lesser Yin) channels. Shaoyin includes both Hand Shaoyin and Foot Shaoyin. Cold transforms from water and returns to the lower part, primarily governed by Foot Shaoyin. Wind transforms from fire and returns to the upper part, primarily governed by Hand Shaoyin. Knowing the true pattern leads to obtaining the true formula. Students should perceive the vivid essence within the teaching that guides without forcing.

(Even so, wind enters through deficiency, deficiency leads to a fine pulse; heat arises from wind, heat leads to a rapid pulse. This speaks of the established wind pattern transforming into heat from Shaoyin. If discussing its initial stage, if wind does not carry cold, it is gentle wind; only when it carries cold does it injure people very quickly. Initial injury always involves Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) Qi. Heart governs Blood belonging to Ying, Lung governs Qi belonging to Wei; one must rely on the Cun Kou (Radial) pulse. If wind stroke leans towards cold,) the Cun Kou pulse is floating and tight. Tight indicates cold, floating indicates deficiency. Cold and deficiency interact, with the pathogen in the skin. (Righteous qi is insufficient, allowing evil to take advantage. Qi moves outside the vessels, blood moves inside the vessels. Floating with excess implies sinking with insufficiency. Therefore,) floating pulse (is judged as) blood deficiency. (Blood deficiency fails to fill the skin and nourish the collaterals, thus) collateral vessels are empty. (Unable to follow normal measures to resist pathogens, thus) treacherous pathogens are not expelled. They may affect the left or the right. Where the pathogen injures, the sinews and vessels become flaccid and (instead) relaxed. Where there is no pathogen, the (righteous qi acts alone and becomes) tense. Righteous qi pulls the pathogen, causing (mouth and eyes to deviate and become immobile). (If deviation is to the left, the pathogen is actually on the right; if to the right, the pathogen is on the left; this must be known. Although there are differences in pathogen/righteousness and flaccidity/tension depending on left or right, regarding exterior/interior, there are also distinctions in meridians and zang-fu organs. If) the pathogen is in the collaterals. (Collateral pathology is at the exterior, thus) the skin and muscles feel numb. If the pathogen is in the meridians. (Meridian pathology is at the interior.) then the (bones and sinews feel) heavy (and stiff, making them) unbearable. If the pathogen enters the fu organs. (Then the stomach fu becomes dry and hot; its branches connect to the heart, greatly hindering the entry and exit of spirit.) then the person does not recognize others. If the pathogen enters the zang organs. (The Heart and Kidney both connect to the root of the tongue; if organ qi rebels and fails to reach under the tongue, thus) the tongue becomes difficult to speak. (And the Lianquan acupoint opens.) The mouth (will) dribble saliva.

This describes the initial stage of wind stroke leaning towards cold, detailing the progressive deepening of symptoms. The Master did not prescribe a formula. Xu Zhongke said: Hou's Black Powder follows this section, suspected to be the formula for this pattern. However, I believe it is the precise formula for cases with heavy limbs and severe cold sensation in the chest. If wind and fire incite each other, Yu Jiayan's use of Qu Feng Zhi Bao Gao (Wind-Dispersing Precious Ointment) is excellent. The formula uses Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) 2.5 liang, Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) 1.5 liang, Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix) 2.5 liang, Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas) 5 qian, Sheng Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) 1 liang, Huashi (Talcum) 3 liang, Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) 2.5 liang, Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) 1 liang, Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) 2 liang, Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) 5 qian, Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus) 5 qian, Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma) 3.5 liang, Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) 5 qian, Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma) 1 liang, Shanzhizi (Gardeniae Fructus) 5 qian, Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica) 5 qian, Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) 5 qian, Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix) 1 liang, Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) 5 qian, Shu Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata) 1 liang, Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) 1 liang, Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) 1 liang, Quanxie (Scorpio) 5 qian, Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma) 5 qian, Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) 5 qian, Duohuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix) 1 liang. Twenty-six ingredients ground into powder, refined honey pills the size of a bullet. Take one pill per dose, chew finely, swallow with tea or wine as preferred, taken before bed. However, doctors and patients may suspect it is dispersing, purging, or too complex, often refusing to take it and dying. Fate dictates this; it cannot be forced. Lv Chunyang's large pill is even more effective.

Furthermore: For wind invading collaterals and fu organs, Qu Feng Zhi Bao Gao can be used. If it enters the zang organs, one must prevent it from bursting into the heart; Hou's Black Powder is suitable. It employs blocking methods amidst dispersing and tonifying. As for Fengyin Tang (Wind-Dragging Decoction), used according to method, it is universally effective.

Hou's Black Powder: Treats severe wind, heavy limbs, and feeling of cold/insufficiency in the chest. (*Waitai Miyao* treats wind epilepsy; this formula mainly tonifies deficiency to extinguish wind.)
Juhua (Chrysanthemi Flos) 40 fen, Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) (each 10 fen), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix) 8 fen, Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) 5 fen, Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Muli (Ostreae Concha), Fanshi (Alumen), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) (each 3 fen).
These fourteen ingredients are pounded into powder. Take one cun bi (square inch measure) with wine, once daily. For the first twenty days, take with warm wine. Avoid all fish, meat, garlic. Prefer cold food for sixty days. This prevents the medicine from passing down immediately. Hot food causes it to pass down. Cold food naturally aids the medicinal power.

Xu Zhongke said: This is the criterion for treating wind stroke patients with cold pathogen that has not transformed into heat. Wind enters from outside, carrying cold to create momentum, called severe wind. Symptoms of heavy limbs imply the limbs, being the root of all Yang, are obstructed by pathogens, preventing Yang qi circulation. Yet appearing only in limbs is better than whole-body heaviness. Symptoms of cold/insufficiency in the chest imply gradual encroachment on the heart. Yet dry-heat has not yet attacked the heart, which is better than not recognizing people. Thus, Hou's Black Powder uses Renshen, Fuling, Danggui, Chuanxiong to tonify Qi and Blood as Sovereign herbs; Juhua, Baizhu, Muli to nourish Liver, Spleen, Kidney as Minister herbs; plus Fangfeng, Guizhi to move obstructed Qi; Xixin, Ganjiang to drive internal cold; Jiegeng, Huangqin to lift Lung heat as Assistant herbs; Fanshi to remove dampness, detoxify, and astringe Heart Qi; Wine to circulate throughout the body as Envoy herb. Thus old wind exits completely, new wind is not accepted. It must be taken as powder with wine for sixty days, preferring cold food to keep medicine accumulated in the abdomen. Since the pathogen gradually invades the heart, disliking heat but disliking cold indicates Yin-cold origin. If Chest Yang is not treated, wind will not exit. (Taiyang Qi circulates in the chest; Xu's annotation is extremely detailed.) Therefore, first use medicine to fill the empty spaces in the chest, strengthen Middle Qi, so pathogens do not enter internally, and inevitably dissipate externally. This is what *Neijing* means by "blocking the empty spaces," the principle of skilled physicians. If treating only exterior/interior, wind may exit, but with gates wide open, it re-enters, becoming uncontrollable.

Yuanxi notes: Xu's nine words here are truly words gained from experience; do not read them casually.

Yu Jiayan said: Using Fanshi in the formula to astringe the medicines, keeping them accumulated and不散 (not dispersing), to gradually fill the empty spaces. Long-term administration is necessary for wind to subside gradually. Hence, for the first twenty days, warm wine is used to open obstructions. Afterwards, hot foods are forbidden, only cold food is suitable. After another forty days, medicine accumulates in the abdomen, filling the empty spaces. Once filled, old wind exits, new wind is excluded. Fanshi stops when cold, moves when hot. Hence the instruction: hot food makes it pass down. Cold food aids medicinal power. How subtle the intention!

I note: Wind patients with cold pathogen, though not yet transformed into heat, since wind is a Yang pathogen, changes rapidly. The co-use of heat-clearing and cold-dispelling herbs in this formula shows this. Even highly intelligent scholars like You Zaijing had doubts; reading is indeed difficult. Whenever I use this formula, patients hesitate due to others' remarks and dare not take it, leading to untreatable severe conditions. Reluctantly following Yu Jiayan's method, I use Qu Feng Zhi Bao Gao, or borrow Zhuye Tang (Bamboo Leaf Decoction) from the Women's section later in the volume, taking twice daily with good effect. However, some cases require this powder; I prepare it secretly without revealing the name to avoid vulgar criticism.

(There are also wind strokes leaning towards wind pathogen, distinguished by pulse at Cun Kou.) Cun Kou pulse is slow and moderate. Slow (means movement is insufficient, insufficient speed) indicates cold. Moderate (means arrival is weak, weakness) indicates deficiency. Ying Qi (moves inside vessels, seen on deep pressure) moderate indicates loss of blood. Wei Qi (moves outside vessels, seen on superficial pressure) moderate indicates wind stroke. (However, Ying and Wei are at the skin surface and muscle interstices, not yet entering meridians. If) pathogen enters meridians, (Ying and Wei Qi are weak, Jin-Ye and blood stagnate.) then the body itches and urticaria appears. (If) Heart Qi is insufficient, pathogen enters centrally, then (pathogen mixes in the chest, obstructing righteous Qi, causing) chest fullness and shortness of breath.

This details the progressive deepening of wind stroke leaning towards wind pathogen. Wind is a Yang pathogen, its pulse is moderate. The Master did not prescribe a formula. Xu Zhongke said: Fengyin Tang follows this section, suspected to be the formula. I admire his insight. Alternating with Qu Feng Zhi Bao Gao is also wonderful. This section introduces moderate pulse via slow pulse, stating slow indicates cold. Although the moving air is cold, from the human perspective, it is a Yang pathogen. Thus, distinguishing Ying and Wei, focusing solely on moderate and ignoring slow reveals the emphasis.

Fengyin Tang (Wind-Dragging Decoction): Clears heat, treats paralysis and epilepsy. (This formula clears heat to dispel wind.)
Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) (I note should be halved), Longgu (Fossilia Ossis Mastodi et Scapulae) (each 4 liang), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Muli (Ostreae Concha) (each 2 liang, I note should be doubled), Hanshuishi (Halloysit Rubrum), Huashi (Talcum), Chishizhi (Halloysit Rubra), Baishizhi (Halloysit Alba), Zhiyingshi (Psilomelane), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) (each 6 liang).
Twelve ingredients pounded, coarsely sieved. Stored in leather bag. Take three fingers' pinch, boil in 3 sheng of well water for three boils. Warm drink 1 sheng. Treats adult wind-dragging, pediatric convulsions/spasms. Occurs several times daily, unresponsive to medical treatment. This is the heat-clearing formula. Chao Yuanfang said: Jiaoxie (Foot soreness) suits Fengyin Tang.

Xu Zhongke said: Internal wind bursting generates internal fire, five zang organs become hyperactive, bursting into the Heart. Thus Guizhi, Gancao, Longgu, Muli regulate Yang Qi, calm Heart and Kidney as Sovereign. Jueyin Wind-Wood and Shaoyang Minister-Fire reside together; fire generation produces wind, wind carries Wood energy to insult Spleen-Earth. Spleen Qi fails to transport, fluids gather into phlegm, flowing to limbs, causing paralysis. Thus Dahuang sweeps away wind-fire-damp-heat as Minister. Ganjiang's non-moving nature supplements as Counter-assistant. Huashi, Shigao clear Metal to control Wood; Chishizhi, Baishizhi thicken Earth to remove dampness; Hanshuishi assists Kidney Water Yin; Zhiyingshi tonifies Heart Spirit as Envoy. Thus it treats adult/pediatric wind-dragging and epilepsy. Why later generations avoided it due to excessive mineral drugs, instead using Musk/Amber to scatter True Qi and Flower Snakes to increase toxicity?

I note: If the previous formula is insufficient, use Huanglian Ejiao Tang (Coptis and Donkey-Hide Gelatin Decoction) to save from the root of Shaoyin. For residual heat, emaciation, shortness of breath resembling Wei syndrome (flaccidity), use Zhuyegashitang (Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction) to clear and tonify. Both are miraculous.

According to Yu Jiayan: The text mentions "righteous qi pulls pathogen, deviation and immobility," hence the formula is named "Wind-Dragging."

(Furthermore,) Fangji Dihuang Tang (Stephania and Rehmannia Decoction) treats (wind bursting into Heart, wind riding fire, fire borrowing wind power, the) condition resembling mania, wild walking, continuous solitary talking. (Heat bursts internally, yet externally there is) no fever. (Floating is the fundamental pulse of wind, and wind-fire incite each other.) The pulse (increases in) floating. This is also a treatment method for wind bursting into the Heart. Xu Lingtai said: Other herbs are light, but Dihuang is heavy; this treats wind in the Blood. These methods deserve careful study. I note: *Jinkui* has few words, readers doubt incompleteness, but it covers broadly. Wind stroke focuses on Shaoyin. This section discusses wind bursting into Hand Shaoyin, presenting its formula: condition resembling mania, wild walking, continuous talking. Hand Shaoyin is Heart Fire. Yang pathogen bursts in, wind rides fire, fire borrows wind power; manifestations are dynamic. "No fever" means heat is internal, exterior is cool, similar to *Shanghan Lun* Guizhi Er Yuebi Yi Tang pattern where exterior lacks significant heat. "Pulse floating" is the fundamental image of Wind-Fire as Yang. However, there is a reverse side. Hand/Foot Shaoyin can be divided into two, yet are essentially one. Examining post-Tang/Song theories on wind stroke: coma implies not mania; sudden collapse/jaw clenching implies not wild walking/talking; red face implies cold below repelling Yang above, implying heat; cold sweat implies limb coldness, implying lack of heat; pulse disappearance implies no floating. Foot Shaoyin is Kidney Water. Yin pathogen bursts in, cold water meets, ice penetrates bones; manifestations are static. Formulas use Sansheng Yin (Three Lives Decoction) 1 liang, Xue Lizhai adds Renshen 1 liang, referring to this. If phlegm surges, Sanyin Baisan (Three Causes White Powder) is usable; if True Yang escapes, panting/phlegm rattle, Heixi Dan (Black Tin Pill) is usable. All these are examples of Sini patterns (Four Reversals), ultimately not the original pattern of wind stroke. Their manifestations appear in *Shanghan Lun*; *Jinkui* excludes them from the Wind Stroke chapter to show pure legislation.

Fangji Dihuang Tang Formula
Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each 1 fen), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) (each 3 fen).
Four ingredients soaked in 1 cup of wine, strained to extract juice. Sheng Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) 2 jin, chopped and steamed until done like rice in a steamer. Place medicinal juice in copper vessel, squeeze Dihuang juice again, mix and divide for two doses. (Note: This formula treats interior and exterior simultaneously; later Qu Feng Zhi Bao Gao was inspired by this.)

Toufeng Mo San (Head Wind Massage Powder)
Da Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) (1 piece), Yan (Sal) (equal parts).
Two ingredients ground into powder. After washing hair, massage diseased area with one cun bi. Let medicinal power act.

This discusses treatment for lateral head wind. Fuzi is pungent-hot to attack; Yan is salty-cold to clear. Internal use might aid fire, making wind stronger. Here, external massage is used, swift without other drawbacks. Body diseases in *Neijing* often use external methods, such as Horse Fat/Mulberry Hook, and moxibustion/warming methods. People neglect this now.

I note: Wind stroke is a major pattern. *Neijing* discusses it with wind-Bi, wind-yi, etc. Readers miss the point. Later schools emphasize fire, Qi, blood, phlegm, deficiency, creating confusion. Dividing into True Wind and Simulated Wind, Zhang Jingyue created Non-Wind category. What is wind stroke really? What formula to use? Uncertainty leads to high mortality. Reading *Jinkui*, "Wind" refers to winds from eight directions; "Zhong" means entering from outside, like an arrow hitting a person. Disease starts from Taiyang; exterior/fu is shallow, interior/zang is deep; bursting into Shaoyin is heavier. How bright, direct, and pure! Where explanations are incomplete, I supplement in annotations following the Master's main idea, avoiding impurity or bias. "Pathogen in collaterals" means collateral pathology at exterior (Taiyang exterior). "Pathogen in meridians" means meridian pathology at interior (Taiyang interior). "Pathogen enters fu, does not recognize people" refers to Yangming Stomach fu. "Pathogen enters zang, tongue hard to speak" refers to Shaoyin zang. Mainly use Fengyin Tang, assisted by Qu Feng Zhi Bao Gao. Appendix formulas can be borrowed cautiously, not letting guests usurp hosts. First formula, Hou's Black Powder, is divine for expelling wind and filling orifices. Suitable for early wind stroke before heat transformation. Crucial for recovery after illness to prevent recurrence and lifelong disability. *Jinkui* has seven sections, four formulas. But beyond theory is theory, beyond formula is formula; the key is reader's comprehension. Yu Jiayan from Jiangxi loved Zhang Zhongjing's books, wrote *Yimen Falü*, copying *Jinkui* text with contemporary comments, causing confusion. Some were better, like Zishou Jieyu Tang for wind stroke spleen laxity, tongue stiffness, hemiplegia. Uses Fangfeng, Paofuzi, Tianma, Suanzaoren each 1 qian, Rougui, Lingyangjiao each 8 fen, Qianghuo, Gancao each 5 fen, decoct, add Zhulv (Bamboo Juice) 2 spoons, Jiangzhi (Ginger Juice) 1 drop. Removing Qianghuo, adding Shudihuang, Gouqizi, Juhua, Humaren, Tiandong treats Kidney deficiency wind entering speechlessness (Shaoyin pulse connects to tongue root). Also recorded Dihuang Yinzi for tongue aphasia and leg inability to use (Kidney deficiency Qi rebellion not reaching tongue root). Uses Shudihuang, Bajitian, Shanzhuyu, Rongrou, Shihu, Paofuzi, Wuweizi, Baifuling, Shichangpu, Yuanzhi, Rougui, Maidong each 5 fen, add Shengjiang 5 slices, Zao 2 pieces, Bohe 5 leaves, decoct in 1.5 cups water to 0.8 cups. Jiayan cited these, contradicting *Jinkui*. Later followers erred. *Yixue Tijie* criticized complexity, rightly so. While serving in Zhili, writing *Jinkui Qiannzhu*, revised this manuscript three times. Suddenly realized from the opposite/reverse aspect of Fangji Dihuang Tang syndrome, slammed table shouting: Wind is Yang pathogen, familiar phrase but profound meaning. Other Yin pathogen diseases, like Sansheng Yin, Sanyin Baisan, Heixi Dan, should be excluded from Wind Stroke chapter. Like Jiawei Liujunzi Tang, Jiayan noted: Treats limbs unable to rise due to Spleen Earth deficiency, treat root, do not add wind-dispersing herbs. Uses Renshen, Baizhu, Fuling, Gancao, Chenpi, Banxia each 1 qian, Maimendong 3 qian, Shengjiang 3 slices, Zao 2 pieces, decoct 2 cups water to 0.6 cups. Add Zhulv 1 small cup warm. Thirsty: remove Banxia, add Weirui, Shigao. Very deficient/no heat: add Fuzi. This establishes theory based on deficiency, perhaps suitable for post-recovery regulation. But during wind stroke, using this to tonify Yuan Qi to overcome pathogen is akin to closing...