（湿热、肾虚、瘀血。）
湿热腰痛者，遇天阴或坐久而发者是。肾虚者，疼之不已者是也。瘀血者，日轻夜重者是也。
脉大者肾虚，用杜仲、龟板、黄柏、知母、枸杞、五味之类，用猪脊髓丸。
脉涩者瘀血，用补阴丸中加桃仁、红花。
湿热者，用苍术、杜仲、黄柏、川芎。
痰者，用南星。
凡诸痛皆属火，寒凉药不可峻用，必用温散之药。
诸痛不可用人参。盖人参补气，气旺不通，而痛愈甚矣。
脐下忽大痛者，人中如黑色者，多死。难治也。
人面上忽有红点者，多死。
肝火盛；木气实；有死血；肝急；有痰流注。
木气实∶川芎、苍术、青皮、当归，龙会丸，泻火要药。
死血∶桃仁、红花、川芎。
痰流注∶二陈汤加南星、苍术、川芎。
肝苦急∶急食辛以散之，用抚芎、苍术。血病入血药中行血。胁痛甚者，用姜汁下龙会丸，肝火盛故也。
咳嗽胁痛，二陈汤加南星，多香附、青皮、青黛、姜汁。
（有寒、积热、死血、食积、湿痰。）
戴云∶寒痛者，绵绵痛而无增减者是。时痛时止者，是热也。死血痛者，每痛有处不行移者是也。食积
者，甚欲大便，利后痛减者是。湿痰者，凡痛必小便不利。
脉弦强者食。脉滑者痰。
滑痰多作腹痛，用苔芎、苍术、香附、白芷、生姜汁、入汤服。腹中水鸣，乃火击动其水也。二陈汤加
黄芩、黄连、栀子。
凡心腹痛，必用温散。此是郁结不散，阻气不运，故病在下者多属食，宜温散之。
一老人腹痛年高不禁下者，用川芎、苍术、香附、白芷、
干姜、茯苓、滑石。
(Hot-dampness, Kidney Deficiency, Blood Stasis.)
Lower back pain caused by hot-dampness occurs during cloudy weather or after prolonged sitting. Lower back pain caused by Kidney Deficiency is characterized by continuous, unceasing pain. Lower back pain caused by Blood Stasis is characterized by being lighter during the day and heavier at night.
A large pulse indicates Kidney Deficiency; use Eucommiae Cortex (Duzhong), Testudinis et Chelydrae Carapax et Plastrum (Guiban), Phellodendri Cortex (Huangbai), Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu), Lycii Fructus (Gouqi), and Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi), prepared as pills with pig spinal cord.
A choppy pulse indicates Blood Stasis; add Persicae Semen (Taoren) and Carthami Flos (Honghua) to Buyin Wan.
For hot-dampness, use Atractylodis Rhizoma (Cangzhu), Eucommiae Cortex (Duzhong), Phellodendri Cortex (Huangbai), and Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong).
For phlegm, use Arisaematis Rhizoma (Nanxing).
All types of pain belong to Fire; cold and cooling herbs should not be used aggressively; warm and dispersing herbs must be used.
Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) should not be used for various pains. Because Ren Shen tonifies Qi, excessive Qi without smooth flow will exacerbate the pain.
Sudden severe pain below the umbilicus, accompanied by black discoloration of the philtrum, usually results in death; it is difficult to treat.
The sudden appearance of red spots on the face usually results in death.
Liver Fire Excess; Wood Qi Excess; Presence of Dead Blood (Blood Stasis); Liver Urgency; Phlegm Flowing and Accumulating.
Wood Qi Excess: Use Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong), Atractylodis Rhizoma (Cangzhu), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Qingpi), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui), and Longdan Xiegan Wan (Gentian Liver-Draining Pill); this is a key herb formula for draining Fire.
Dead Blood (Blood Stasis): Use Persicae Semen (Taoren), Carthami Flos (Honghua), and Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong).
Phlegm Flowing and Accumulating: Use Erchen Tang plus Arisaematis Rhizoma (Nanxing), Atractylodis Rhizoma (Cangzhu), and Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong).
Liver Suffers from Urgency: Quickly consume pungent substances to disperse it; use Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong) and Atractylodis Rhizoma (Cangzhu). For blood diseases entering the blood level, use blood-invigorating herbs. For severe hypochondriac pain, administer Longdan Xiegan Wan (Gentian Liver-Draining Pill) with ginger juice, due to Liver Fire Excess.
Cough with hypochondriac pain: Use Erchen Tang plus Arisaematis Rhizoma (Nanxing), along with additional Cyperi Rhizoma (Xiangfu), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Qingpi), Indigo Naturalis (Qingdai), and ginger juice.
(Cold Pain, Accumulated Heat Pain, Dead Blood Pain, Food Retention Pain, Damp-Phlegm Pain.)
Dai Yun stated: Cold pain is a lingering pain without increase or decrease. Pain that comes and goes intermittently is Heat pain. Dead Blood pain has a fixed location that does not move. Food Retention pain involves an urgent desire to defecate, with pain relief after bowel movement. Damp-Phlegm pain is always accompanied by difficulty in urination.
A wiry and forceful pulse indicates Food Retention. A slippery pulse indicates Phlegm.
Phlegm often causes abdominal pain; use Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong), Atractylodis Rhizoma (Cangzhu), Cyperi Rhizoma (Xiangfu), Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baizhi), and ginger juice, taken as a decoction. Water gurgling in the abdomen indicates Fire stirring up internal water; use Erchen Tang plus Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian), and Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi).
For all epigastric and abdominal pain, warm dispersal methods must be used. This is due to stagnation and obstruction of Qi movement; thus, pathology located lower down mostly belongs to Food Retention and is suitable for warm dispersal.
An elderly patient suffering from abdominal pain for years who could not tolerate purgative treatment was prescribed Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong), Atractylodis Rhizoma (Cangzhu), Cyperi Rhizoma (Xiangfu), Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baizhi), Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Ganjiang), Poria (Fuling), and Talcum (Huashi).