\r手太阴肺经\pj-j9.bmp\r
手太阴之脉。起于中焦。下络大肠。还循胃口。上膈属肺。
起、发也。络、绕也。还、复也。循、巡也。又根据也。沿也。属、会也。中焦者。在胃
中脘
。在脐上二寸下脘穴之分也。膈、隔也。凡人心下有隔膜。与脊胁周遭相着。所以遮隔浊气
。不使上熏心肺也。手太阴起中焦。受足厥阴之交也。由是循任脉之外。足少阴经脉之里。
以次下行。当脐上一寸水分穴之分。绕络大肠。手太阴、阳明相为表里也。乃复行本经之外
。上循胃口。迤逦上膈。而属会于肺。荣气有所归于本脏也。
从肺系横出腋下。下循 内。行少阴心主之前。下肘中。
肺系。谓喉咙也。喉以候气。下接于肺。肩下胁上际曰腋。膊下对腋处为 。肩肘之间
也。 尽处为肘。肘、臂节也。自肺脏循肺系出而横行。循胸博第四行之中府、云门。以出腋下
。下循 内。历天府、侠白。行手少阴心主之前。下入肘中。抵尺泽穴也。盖手少阴循 臂
出手小指之端。手心主循 臂出中指之端。手太阴则行乎二经之前也。
循臂内上骨下廉。入寸口上鱼。（句）循鱼际。出大指之端。
肘以下为臂。廉、隅也。边也。手掌后高骨傍动脉为关。关前动脉为寸口。曰鱼、曰鱼
际云
中。乃循臂内。上骨之下廉。历孔最、列缺。入寸口之经渠、太渊以上鱼。循鱼际。出大指
之端。至少商穴而终也。端、杪也。
其支者。从腕后、直出次指内廉。出其端。
臂骨尽处为腕。脉之大隧为经。交经者为络。本经终于出大指之端矣。此则从腕后列缺
穴。达次指内廉。出其端。交于手阳明也。
是经多气少血。平旦寅时气血注此。受足厥阴之交。凡十一穴。左右共二十二穴。手之
阴阳。其受气之道近。其气之来疾。刺深无过二分。其留无过一呼。过此者。则脱气。
中府（一名膺俞）云门下一寸。乳上三肋间。动脉应手陷中。去中行六寸。肺之募。（募
、犹
以壮人为法也。）主腹胀。四肢肿。食不下。喘气胸满。肩背痛。呕 。咳逆上气。肺系急
。肺寒热。胸悚悚。胆热呕逆。咳唾浊涕。风汗出。皮痛面肿。少气不得卧。伤寒。胸中热
。飞尸遁疰。瘿瘤。
云门 巨骨下。侠气户傍二寸陷中。动脉应手。举臂取之。去胸中行任脉两旁相去各六
寸。
气。气上冲心。胸胁彻背痛。喉痹。肩背痛。臂不得举。瘿气。
天府 腋下三寸。臂 内廉动脉陷中。以鼻取之。甲乙。禁灸。灸之使人逆气。铜人。
针四
肝脉相搏。血溢鼻口。鼻衄血不止。卒中恶风邪气。泣出。喜忘。飞尸恶疰。鬼语遁下。喘
不得息。疟寒热。目眩。远视KT KT 。瘿气。
侠白 天府下。去肘五寸动脉中。铜人。针三分。灸五壮。主心痛短气。干呕烦满。
尺泽 肘中约纹上动脉中。甄权云。屈肘横纹筋骨罅陷中。手太阴肺脉所入为合。水。
肺实
中内陷。气归之。为不屈伸。主肩脊痛。汗出中风。小便数而欠。溺色变。卒遗失无度。面
白。善嚏。悲愁不乐欲哭。洒淅寒热。风痹。 肘挛。手臂不得举。喉痹。上气呕吐。口舌
干。咳嗽唾浊。 疟。四肢腹暴肿。臂寒短气。心痛。肺胀膨膨。缺盆中痛。心烦闷乱。少
气不足以息。劳热风。汗出中风。小便数而欠。上气喘满。腰脊强痛。肺积息奔。小儿慢惊
风。
孔最 去腕上七寸陷者中。铜人。灸五壮。针三分。主热病汗不出。咳逆。肘臂厥痛。
屈伸难。手不及头。指不握。吐血。失音。咽肿痛。头痛。
列缺 手太阴络。别走阳明。去腕侧上一寸五分。滑氏曰。以手交叉头食指末筋罅中。
铜人
。手肘无力。半身不遂。掌中热。口噤不开。寒热疟。呕沫。咳嗽。善笑。纵唇口。健忘。
溺血。精出。阴茎痛。小便热。痫惊妄见。面目四肢痈肿。肩痹。胸背寒栗。少气不足以息
。尸厥寒厥。交两手而瞀。实则胸背热。汗出。四肢暴肿。虚则胸背寒栗。少气不足以息。
素问云。实则手锐掌热。泻之。虚则欠KT 。小便遗。补之。
按素问曰。直行者。谓之经。旁出者。谓之络。手太阴之支。从腕后直出次指内廉。出其端
。是列缺为太阴别走阳明之络。人或有寸、关、尺三部脉不见。自列缺至阳 脉见者。俗谓
之反关脉。此经脉虚而络脉满。千金翼谓阳脉逆。反大于寸口三倍。惜叔和尚未之及。而况
高阳生哉。
经渠 寸口陷中。肺脉所行为经。金。素注。针三分。铜人。针二分。留三呼。禁灸。
灸伤
出。暴痹喘促。心痛呕吐。
太渊（一名太泉避唐祖讳）掌后陷中。肺脉所注为俞。土。肺虚补之。难经曰。脉会太渊
。曰。脉病治此。平旦寅时气血从此始。故曰寸口者。脉之大要会。手太阴之动脉也。铜人。
灸三壮。针一分。素注。针二分。留二呼。灸三壮。主胸痹逆气。善哕。呕饮食。咳嗽。烦
冤不得眠。肺胀膨膨。臂内廉痛。目生白翳。眼 赤筋眼痛。眼青转筋。乍寒乍热。缺盆中
引痛。掌中热。数欠。肩背痛寒。喘不得息。噫气上逆。心痛脉涩。咳血呕血。振寒咽干。
狂言口 。溺色变。卒遗失无度。
鱼际 大指本节后内侧陷中。又云散脉中。肺脉所溜为荥火。铜人。针一分。留三呼。
明堂
热头痛。咳嗽哕。伤寒汗不出。痹走胸背痛不得息。目眩。烦心少气。腹痛不下食。肘挛肢
满。喉中干燥。寒栗鼓颔。咳引尻痛。溺血呕血。心痹悲恐。乳痈。东垣曰。胃气下溜。五
脏气皆乱。在于肺者。取之手太阴鱼际。足少阴俞。
少商 大指端内侧。去爪甲角如韭叶。白肉际宛宛中。肺脉所出为井。木。铜人。针一
分。
心善 呕。心下满。汗出而寒。咳逆。 疟振寒。腹满。唾沫。唇干引饮。食不下。膨膨。
手挛指痛。掌热。寒栗鼓颔。喉中鸣。小儿乳蛾。唐、刺史成君绰忽颔肿大如升。喉中闭塞
。水粒不下三日。甄权以三棱针刺之。微出血。立愈。泄藏热也。
按难经曰。诸井者。肌肉浅薄。不足为使也刺井者。当刺荥。甄权写井而疗喉痹。杜宝
善类聚井穴。主治病证者。难经曰。井主心下满。又曰。春刺井。盖并行而不悖也。
或问素问注、铜人、明堂、千金诸书。于 穴有宜针灸。有禁针灸。刺浅刺深。艾壮多
寡不
。当别用一主治穴以代之。若病势重急。倘非此穴不可疗。当用此一穴。若诸书皆禁针灸
。则断不可用矣。针浅深。艾多少。则以素问十二经浅深刺法为主。诸书相参互用之。不可
偏废也。经曰。春夏刺浅。秋冬刺深。肥人刺深。瘦人刺浅。故在春夏与瘦人。当从浅刺。
秋冬与肥人。当从深刺。又曰。陷下则灸之。陷下不甚者。灸当从少。陷下甚者。灸当从多
。又寒凉之月。火气衰。灸当从多。温暑之月。火气旺。灸当从少。又肌肉浅薄 穴。刺浅
艾少。肌肉深浓 穴。刺深艾多。又春与夏不同。秋与冬不同。肥瘦有适中者。有过肥而臃
肿者。有太瘦而骨立者。以意消息。不可执一论也。又大人与小儿。刺浅深。艾多少不同。
又人头面及小儿宜毫针。艾炷如小麦也。
\r小肠腑图\pj-j10.bmp\r
大肠重二斤十二两。长二丈一尺。广四寸。径一寸。当脐右。回十六曲。盛谷一斗。水
七升半。大肠者。传道之官。变化出焉。大肠为白肠。〔俱素问〕
五脏各有所。（句）腑皆相近。而心肺独去大肠、小肠远者何也。然。经言心荣肺卫。通
行阳气。故居在上。大肠、小肠传阴气而下。故居在下。所以相去而远也。〔难经〕
食下则肠实而胃虚。故曰实而不满。满而不实。
Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian
The Hand-Taiyin meridian originates in the Middle Jiao (the region of the spleen and stomach), descends to connect with the Large Intestine, returns to follow the upper opening of the stomach, ascends through the diaphragm, and attaches to the Lung.
"Originates" means to start. "Connects" means to encircle. "Returns" means to come back. "Follows" means to travel along or base upon. "Attaches" means to converge. The Middle Jiao is located at the Zhongwan point in the stomach, specifically two cun above the umbilicus at the Xiaowan point. The diaphragm is a partition. In general, there is a diaphragm below the heart in humans, connecting around the spine and ribs, which serves to block turbid qi from ascending to steam the Heart and Lungs. The Hand-Taiyin meridian originates in the Middle Jiao, receiving the intersection of the Foot-Jueyin Liver meridian. From there, it travels along the lateral side of the Ren Mai (Conception Vessel) and the medial side of the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney meridian, descending sequentially to the Shuifen point, one cun above the umbilicus, encircling and connecting with the Large Intestine. The Hand-Taiyin Lung meridian and the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine meridian are exterior-interior partners. It then travels externally along its own meridian, ascending along the upper opening of the stomach, winding up through the diaphragm, and converging to attach to the Lung, allowing Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) to return to its home organ.
From the Fei Xi (Lung System, referring to the trachea/throat), it emerges horizontally into the axilla, descends along the medial aspect of the arm (Nao), running anterior to the Hand-Shaoyin Heart and Hand-Jueyin Pericardium meridians, and descends to the center of the elbow.
The Fei Xi refers to the throat. The throat receives air and connects downward to the Lung. The edge below the shoulder and above the rib is called the axilla. The area of the arm opposite the axilla is called Nao. The area between the shoulder and elbow is Nao. The end of Nao is the elbow. The elbow is the joint of the arm. Emerging horizontally from the Lung via the Fei Xi, it passes through the Zhongfu and Yunmen points on the fourth row of the lateral chest wall, emerging into the axilla. Descending along the medial Nao, it passes through Tianfu and Xiabai points, running anterior to the Hand-Shaoyin Heart and Hand-Jueyin Pericardium meridians, entering the elbow center, reaching the Chize point. Generally, the Hand-Shaoyin meridian runs along the arm to the tip of the little finger; the Hand-Jueyin meridian runs along the arm to the tip of the middle finger; whereas the Hand-Taiyin meridian runs anterior to these two meridians.
It follows the lower border of the radial bone on the medial aspect of the forearm, enters the Cun Kou (Radial Pulse), and ascends to Yu Ji. [Sentence break] Following Yu Ji, it emerges at the tip of the thumb.
The part of the arm below the elbow is the forearm. Lian refers to the edge or corner. The artery beside the high bone at the back of the palm is Guan. The arterial pulse anterior to Guan is Cun Kou. It is called Yu (Fish) and Yu Ji because of its shape resembling a fish. Here, following the medial forearm, along the lower border of the upper bone, it passes through Kongzui and Lieque points, enters the Jingqu and Taiyuan points of Cun Kou, and ascends to Yu Ji. Following Yu Ji, it emerges at the tip of the thumb, reaching the Shaoshang point where it ends. Duan means the tip.
Its branch arises from behind the wrist, goes straight to the medial side of the index finger, and emerges at its tip.
The end of the arm bone is the wrist. The main channel of the vessel is the Jing (Channel). Intersecting vessels are Luo (Collaterals). This meridian ends at the tip of the thumb. This branch arises from the Lieque point behind the wrist, reaches the medial side of the index finger, emerges at its tip, and intersects with the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine meridian.
This meridian has abundant Qi and scarce Blood. At dawn during the Yin hour, Qi and Blood flow into this meridian. It receives the intersection of the Foot-Jueyin Liver meridian. There are eleven acupoints in total, twenty-two on both sides. The pathways for receiving Qi in the Hand Yin and Yang meridians are close, and the arrival of Qi is rapid. Needling depth should not exceed two fen, and retention time should not exceed one exhalation. Exceeding this will lead to Qi depletion.
Zhongfu (also known as Ying Shu): One cun below Yunmen, three intercostal spaces above the nipple, in the depression where the arterial pulse is felt, six cun from the midline. It is the Mu-Alarm point of the Lung. (Mu implies gathering; here standardized for robust adults.) It treats abdominal distension, edema of the four limbs, inability to eat, wheezing and chest fullness, shoulder and back pain, vomiting, rebellious Qi cough, tension in the Lung system, cold-heat disorders of the Lung, palpitations in the chest, bitter regurgitation due to Gallbladder heat, coughing up turbid mucus, sweating due to Wind, skin pain and facial swelling, shortness of breath preventing lying down, Cold Damage, heat in the chest, Feishi Dunzhu (ancient term for sudden, wandering diseases), goiter.
Yunmen: Below the Jugu point, two cun lateral to the Qihu point, in the depression where the arterial pulse is felt. Take the point with the arm raised. It is six cun lateral to the Ren Mai on both sides of the sternum. It treats Qi rushing to the heart, penetrating back pain in the chest and hypochondrium, Bi syndrome of the throat, shoulder and back pain, inability to raise the arm, and Qi goiter.
Tianfu: Three cun below the axilla, in the depression of the arterial pulse on the medial border of the arm. Measure using the nose. *Jia Yi Jing* states moxibustion is prohibited. Moxibustion causes rebellious Qi. *Tong Ren* states needle 4 fen. It treats Liver meridian pulsation with blood溢ing from nose and mouth, persistent epistaxis, sudden stroke from evil Wind-Qi, tearing, forgetfulness, Feishi E Zhu, auditory hallucinations ("ghost speech"), dyspnea, malaria chills and fever, vertigo, blurred vision, and Qi goiter.
Xiabai: Below Tianfu, five cun from the elbow, in the arterial pulse. *Tong Ren* states needle 3 fen, moxa 5 zhuang. It treats heart pain and shortness of breath, dry retching, and irritability/fullness.
Chize: In the arterial pulse at the elbow crease. Zhen Quan says, flex the elbow to find the depression between the tendon and bone at the transverse crease. It is the He-Sea point where the Hand-Taiyin Lung meridian enters, belonging to Water. When Lung excess causes the point to sink, Qi gathers here, causing inability to flex or extend the arm. It treats shoulder and back pain, sweating with Wind-stroke, frequent and scanty urination, change in urine color, sudden incontinence, pale complexion, frequent sneezing, sadness and desire to cry, aversion to cold and fever, Wind-Bi, elbow contracture, inability to raise the arm, throat Bi, rebellious Qi and vomiting, dry mouth and tongue, cough with turbid sputum, malaria, sudden swelling of limbs and abdomen, cold arms and shortness of breath, heart pain, lung distension with rumbling sounds, pain in the Supraclavicular Fossa, mental restlessness, shortness of breath insufficient for respiration, wind-heat from labor, sweating with Wind-stroke, frequent and scanty urination, rebellious Qi and chest fullness, stiffness and pain of waist and spine, Lung accumulation with panting, infantile slow convulsive wind.
Kongzui: Seven cun above the wrist in the depression. *Tong Ren* states moxa 5 zhuang, needle 3 fen. It treats febrile disease with no sweat, rebellious Qi cough, cold-pain of elbow and arm, difficulty in flexion and extension, inability to raise hand to head, inability to grip fingers, hemoptysis, aphonia, sore and swollen throat, headache.
Lieque: The Luo-Connecting point of the Hand-Taiyin meridian, diverging to the Yangming meridian. One cun five fen above the wrist side. Hua Shi says, cross hands, locate in the gap at the end of the tendon under the tip of the extended index finger. *Tong Ren* states it treats weakness of elbow and hand, hemiplegia, heat in palm, locked jaw, chills and fever malaria, vomiting foam, cough, excessive laughter, deviation of lips and mouth, forgetfulness, hematuria, seminal emission, penile pain, hot urination, epilepsy and delirium, swelling of face, eyes, limbs, shoulder Bi, chills in chest and back, shortness of insufficient for respiration, corpse-jue and cold-jue, crossing hands while fainting. Excess patterns present with heat in chest and back, sweating, sudden swelling of limbs; deficiency patterns present with chills in chest and back, shortness of insufficient for respiration. *Su Wen* states: Excess presents with heat in the sharp bone of the wrist and palm; tonify. Deficiency presents with yawning and urinary incontinence; sedate.
According to *Su Wen*, straight-running vessels are Jing (Channels), and branching ones are Luo (Collaterals). The branch of the Hand-Taiyin meridian goes straight from behind the wrist to the medial side of the index finger, emerging at its tip. This indicates Lieque is the collateral of Taiyin diverging to Yangming. Some people lack pulses at the Cun, Guan, and Chi positions but have a pulse from Lieque to Yangxi, commonly called Fan Guan Mai (Reversed Gate Pulse). This indicates deficiency of the Jing meridian and fullness of the Luo collateral. *Qian Jin Yi Fang* states that reversed Yang pulses are three times larger than Cun Kou. Unfortunately, Wang Shuhe did not mention this, let alone Gao Yangsheng.
Jingqu: In the depression of Cun Kou. It is the Jing-River point where the Lung meridian flows, belonging to Metal. Su Zhu states needle 3 fen. *Tong Ren* states needle 2 fen, retain for three exhalations, moxibustion is prohibited. Moxibustion damages the channels, causing sudden Bi syndrome, dyspnea, heart pain, and vomiting.
Taiyuan (also known as Taiquan, renamed to avoid naming taboo of Tang ancestors): In the depression behind the palm. It is the Shu-Stream point where the Lung meridian pours, belonging to Earth. Tonify this point for Lung deficiency. *Nan Jing* states the Pulse meets at Taiyuan. *Mai Jing* states treat pulse disorders here. At dawn during the Yin hour, Qi and Blood begin circulation here, hence it is called Cun Kou, the great convergence of pulses, and the arterial pulse of the Hand-Taiyin Lung meridian. *Tong Ren* states moxa 3 zhuang, needle 1 fen. Su Zhu states needle 2 fen, retain for two exhalations, moxa 3 zhuang. It treats chest Bi and rebellious Qi, frequent hiccups, vomiting food, cough, mental oppression and insomnia, lung distension with rumbling sounds, pain in the medial arm, white film over the eye, red eyes and painful tendons, blue eyes with twitching, alternating chills and fever, pulling pain in the Supraclavicular Fossa, heat in palm, frequent yawning, shoulder and back pain with cold, dyspnea, belching with rebellious Qi, heart pain with choppy pulse, hemoptysis and hematemesis, shaking chills and dry throat, delirious speech and locked jaw, change in urine color, sudden incontinence.
Yu Ji: In the depression on the medial side behind the first metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb. Also described as among scattered vessels. It is the Ying-Spring point where the Lung meridian slips, belonging to Fire. *Tong Ren* states needle 1 fen, retain for three exhalations. *Ming Tang* states it treats heat headache, cough and hiccups, febrile disease with no sweat, Bi pain moving to chest and back preventing breathing, vertigo, vexation and shortness of breath, abdominal pain with anorexia, elbow contracture and limb fullness, dry throat, chills with jaw trembling, cough pulling pain to the sacrum, hematuria and hematemesis, heart Bi with fear, mastitis. Li Dongyuan states: When Stomach Qi sinks, the Qi of the Five Zang organs becomes chaotic. For disorders in the Lung, select Yu Ji of the Hand-Taiyin meridian and the Shu point of the Foot-Shaoyin meridian.
Shaoshang: On the medial side of the thumb tip, approximately the width of a leek leaf from the nail corner, in the depression at the junction of white flesh. It is the Jing-Well point where the Lung meridian exits, belonging to Wood. *Tong Ren* states needle 1 fen. It treats frequent vomiting, subcardiac fullness, sweating with cold, rebellious Qi cough, malaria with chills, abdominal fullness, salivation, dry lips with thirst, anorexia, rumbling sounds, hand contracture and finger pain, heat in palm, chills with jaw trembling, humming in throat, infantile tonsillitis. Cheng Junchuo, a Tang Dynasty Prefect, suddenly had his chin swell like a measuring cup, with throat obstruction preventing intake of water or grain for three days. Zhen Quan pricked it with a three-edged sword, releasing slight blood, resulting in immediate recovery. This drains heat from the Zang organs.
According to *Nan Jing*, the muscles around the Jing-Well points are thin, making them unsuitable for direct needling. When needling Jing points, one should needle the Ying points instead. Zhen Quan sedated the Jing point to treat throat Bi. Du Bao excelled in categorizing Jing point indications. *Nan Jing* states Jing points treat subcardiac fullness. It also states spring needling targets Jing points. These principles run parallel without contradiction.
A question arises regarding *Su Wen* commentary, *Tong Ren*, *Ming Tang*, and *Qian Jin*: some books indicate certain points are suitable for acupuncture and moxibustion, others prohibit them; depths vary, and moxa doses differ. Should one substitute another primary point? If the condition is severe and urgent, and no other point suffices, use this specific point. If all books prohibit needling and moxibustion, absolutely do not use it. Determine needling depth and moxa quantity primarily based on the shallow/deep needling methods of the Twelve Meridians in *Su Wen*, cross-referencing other books, avoiding bias. The Classic states: Spring and Summer require shallow needling; Autumn and Winter require deep needling. Obese individuals require deep needling; lean individuals require shallow needling. Thus, in Spring/Summer and for lean persons, needle shallowly; in Autumn/Winter and for obese persons, needle deeply. It also states: For sinking conditions, apply moxibustion. For mild sinking, use less moxa; for severe sinking, use more moxa. In cold months when Fire Qi is weak, use more moxa; in warm/hot months when Fire Qi is strong, use less moxa. For points with thin muscle layers, needle shallowly and use little moxa; for points with thick muscle layers, needle deeply and use more moxa. Seasons differ (Spring vs. Summer, Autumn vs. Winter). Body types vary: some are moderately built, some overly obese and puffy, some too lean with prominent bones. Use discretion; do not adhere rigidly. Additionally, adults and children differ in needling depth and moxa quantity. Furthermore, for the head, face, and children, use fine needles, and size the moxa cone like a wheat grain.
Small Intestine Fu Diagram
The Large Intestine weighs two jin and twelve liang, is two zhang and one chi long, four cun wide, one cun in diameter, located to the right of the umbilicus, looping sixteen times, holding one dou of grain and seven sheng and half of water. The Large Intestine is the official of transmission, responsible for transformation and excretion. The Large Intestine is the White Intestine. (All from *Su Wen*)
Each Zang organ has a corresponding Fu organ. The Fu organs are generally close together, yet why are the Heart and Lung uniquely far from the Large and Small Intestines? The answer is: The Classics state that Heart Ying and Lung Wei circulate Yang Qi, thus residing in the upper body; the Large and Small Intestines transmit Yin Qi downward, thus residing in the lower body. Therefore, they are distant from each other. (*Nan Jing*)
When food enters, the intestines become full (Shi) while the stomach becomes empty (Xu). Hence, Fu organs are "full but not solid" (containing contents but not permanently filled), while Zang organs are "solid but not full" (filled with essence but not containing gross matter).