\r手阳明大肠经\pj-j11.bmp\r
手阳明之脉。起于大指次指之端。循指上廉。出合谷两骨之间。上入两筋之中。
大指之次指。谓食指也。手阳明大肠经也。凡经脉之道。阴脉行手足之里。阳脉行手足
之表
、三间。以出合谷两骨之间。复上入阳 两筋之中。
循臂上廉。入肘外廉。上循 外前廉上肩。
自阳 而上。循臂上廉之偏历、温溜、下廉、上廉、三里。入肘外廉之曲池。循 外前
廉。历肘 、五里、臂 。络 会。上肩至肩 穴也。
出 骨之前廉。上出柱骨之会上。
肩端两骨间为 骨。肩胛上际会处为天柱骨。出 骨前廉。循巨骨穴。上出柱骨之会上
。会于大椎。下入缺盆。络肺下膈。属大肠。
自大椎而下入缺盆。循足阳明经脉外。络绕肺脏。复下膈。当天枢之分。会属于大肠也
其支别者。从缺盆上颈贯颊。入下齿缝中。
头茎为颈。耳以下曲处为颊。口前小者为齿。其支别者。自缺盆上行于颈。循天鼎、扶
突。上贯于颊。入下齿缝中。
还出挟口。交人中。左之右。右之左。上挟鼻孔。
唇口上。鼻柱下。为人中。既入齿缝。复出夹两口吻。相交于人中之分。左脉之右。右
脉之左。上挟鼻孔。循禾 、迎香而终。以交于足阳明也。
是经气血俱多。卯时气血注此。受手太阴之交。凡二十穴。左右共四十穴。手之阴阳。
其受气之道近。其气之来疾。刺深无过二分。其留无过一呼。过此者。则脱气。
商阳（一名绝阳）手大指次指内侧。去爪甲角如韭叶。手阳明大肠脉所出为井。金。铜人
。灸
颐颔肿。齿痛。恶寒。肩背急。相引缺盆中痛。目青盲。灸三壮。左取右。右取左。如食顷
立已。
二间（一名间谷） 食指本节前内侧陷中。手阳明大肠脉所溜为荥。水。大肠实泻之。铜
人。
黄。口干口 。急食不通。伤寒水结。东垣曰。气在于臂足取之。先去血脉。后深取阳明、
少阴之荥俞二间、三间。
三间（一名少谷） 食指本节后内侧陷中。手阳明大肠脉所注为俞。木。铜人。针三分。
留三
。气喘。目 急痛。吐舌。戾颈。喜惊。多唾。急食不通。伤寒气热。身寒结水。
合谷（一名虎口） 手大指次指岐骨间陷中。手阳明大肠脉所过为原。虚实皆拔之。铜人
。针
不止。热病汗不出。目视不明。生白翳。头痛。下齿龋。耳聋。喉痹。面肿。唇吻不收。喑
不能言。口噤不开。偏风。风疹痂疥。偏正头痛。腰脊内引痛。小儿单乳蛾。按合谷妇人妊
娠。可泻不可补。补即堕胎。详见足太阴脾经三阴交下。
阳 （一名中魁） 腕中上侧两筋间陷中。手阳明大肠脉所行为经。火。铜人。针三分。
留七
疾。寒咳。呕沫。喉痹。耳鸣耳聋。惊掣肘臂不举。痂疥。
偏历 腕中后三寸。手阳明络脉。别走太阴。铜人。针三分。留七呼。灸三壮。明下。
灸五
风汗不出。利小便。实则龋聋。泻之。虚则齿寒痹鬲。补之。
温溜（一名逆注 一名池头） 腕后大士五寸。小士六寸。明堂。在腕后五寸六寸间。铜
人。
。风逆四肢肿。吐舌口舌痛。喉痹。
下廉 辅骨下。去上廉一寸。辅锐肉分外。铜人。斜针五分。留二呼。灸三壮。主飧泄
。劳
。癖。腹痛若刀刺不可忍。飧泄。腹胁痛满。狂走。侠脐痛。食不化。喘息不能行。唇干
涎出。乳痈。
上廉 三里下一寸。其分独抵阳明之会外。铜人。斜针五分。灸五壮。主小便难、黄赤
。肠鸣。胸痛。偏风半身不遂。骨髓冷。手足不仁。喘息。大肠气。脑风头痛。
三里（一名手三里） 曲池下二寸。按之肉起。锐肉之端。铜人。灸三壮。针二分。主霍
乱遗失。失音。齿痛。颊颔肿。瘰 。手臂不仁。肘挛不伸。中风口 。手足不随。
曲池 肘外辅骨。屈肘两骨之中。以手拱胸取之。手阳明大肠脉所入为合。土。素注。
针五
余日。更灸止二百。主绕踝风。手臂红肿。肘中痛。偏风半身不遂。恶风邪气。泣出。喜忘
。风瘾疹。喉痹不能言。胸中烦满。臂膊疼痛。筋缓捉物不得。挽弓不开。屈伸难。风痹。
肘细无力。伤寒余热不尽。皮肤干燥。螈 癫疾。举体痛痒如虫啮。皮脱作疮。皮肤痂疥。
妇人经脉不通。
肘 肘大骨外廉陷中。铜人。灸三壮。针三分。主风劳嗜卧。臂痛不举。肩重腋急。
肘臂麻木不仁。
五里 肘上三寸。行向里大脉中央。铜人。灸十壮。素问。大禁针。主风劳惊恐。吐血
咳嗽。肘臂痛。嗜卧。四肢不得动。心下胀满。上气。身黄。时有微热。瘰 。
臂 肘上七寸 肉端。肩 下一寸。两筋两骨罅陷宛宛中。平手取之。手阳明络。
手足太
过三五分。主臂细无力。臂痛不得向头。瘰 。颈项拘急。
肩 （一名中肩井 一名扁骨） 膊骨头肩端上。两骨罅间陷者宛宛中。举臂取之。有空
。足
臂细。若风病。筋骨无力。久不瘥。灸不畏细。刺即泄肩臂热气。明堂。针八分。留三呼。
泻五吸。灸不及针。以平手取其穴。灸七壮增至二七。素注。针一寸。灸五壮。又云针六分
。留六呼。主中风手足不随。偏风风痪风 风病。半身不遂。热风肩中热。头不可回顾。肩
臂疼痛。臂无力。手不可向头。挛急。风热瘾疹。颜色枯焦。劳气泄精。伤寒热不已。四肢
热。诸瘿气。唐、鲁州刺史厍狄钦风痹。不得挽弓。甄权使钦彀弓矢向堋立。针肩 。针进
即可射。
巨骨 肩尖端上行。两叉骨罅间陷中。手阳明、阳跷之会。铜人。灸五壮。针一寸半。
明堂
正卧。明下。灸三壮。主惊痫。破心吐血。臂膊痛。胸中有瘀血。肩臂不得屈伸。
天鼎 颈缺盆上。直扶突后一寸。素注。针四分。铜人。灸三壮。针三分。明堂。灸七
壮。主喉痹嗌肿。不得息。饮食不下。喉鸣。
扶突（一名水穴） 气舍上一寸五分。在颈当曲颊下一寸。人迎后一寸五分。仰而取之。
铜人
哽。
禾 （一名长颊） 鼻孔下。侠水沟旁五分。铜人。针三分。灸三壮。主尸厥及口不可开
。鼻疮息肉。鼻塞不闻香臭。鼽衄。
迎香 禾 上一寸。鼻下孔旁五分。手阳明、足阳明之会。铜人。针三分。留三呼。不
宜灸
多涕。鼽衄有疮。鼻有息肉。
\r胃腑图\pj-j12.bmp\r
胃重二斤一两。大一尺五寸。长二尺六寸。径五寸。纡曲屈伸。盛谷二斗。水一斗五升
。胃
六腑之大原也。是以五脏六腑之气味。皆出于胃。
水谷入口。则胃实而肠虚。
食气入胃。散精于肝。淫气于筋。
食气入胃。浊气归心。淫精于脉。脉气流经。经气归于肺。肺朝百脉。输精于皮毛。毛
脉合精。行气于腑。腑精神明。留于四脏。气归于权衡。权衡以平。气口成寸。以决死生。
饮食入胃。游溢精气。上输于脾。脾气散精。上归于肺。通调水道。下输膀胱。水精四
布。五经并行。合于四时五脏阴阳。揆度以为常也。
人胃中常有留谷二斗。（古斗非今之比。斤两尺寸亦然。）水一斗五升。故平人日再至圊
。一行二升半。日行五升。七日。五七三斗五升而水谷尽矣。故平人不食。七日死也。
东垣曰。饮食劳倦。内伤脾胃。则胃脘之阳。不能升举。并心肺之气。陷入中焦。用补
中益
胃热善消。脾病不化也。又曰。脾胃不和。九窍不通。
Hand Yangming Large Intestine Meridian
The Hand Yangming meridian originates at the tip of the index finger. It follows the radial side of the index finger upward, emerges between the first and second metacarpal bones at Hegu (LI4). It then ascends into the depression between the two tendons (extensor pollicis longus and brevis).
"Index finger" refers to the second finger. This is the course of the Hand Yangming Large Intestine Meridian. Generally, Yin meridians run on the medial aspect (inner side) of the limbs, while Yang meridians run on the lateral aspect (outer side).
It passes through Sanjian (LI3), emerges from between the bones at Hegu (LI4), and again ascends into the space between the two tendons.
It follows the lateral aspect of the forearm upward, enters the lateral aspect of the elbow, and continues along the anterior lateral aspect of the upper arm to the shoulder.
From Jianliao (SI14) [Note: Text implies a point near shoulder, likely Jianyu or similar context in original, but text says "Yang ..."], it follows the lateral aspect of the forearm, passing through Pianli (LI6), Wenliu (LI7), Xiawan (LI9), Shanglian (LI10), and Shousanli (LI10 - note: text lists Xia Lian, Shang Lian, San Li separately, standard is Xia Lian LI8, Shang Lian LI9, Shousanli LI10]. It enters Quchi (LI11) at the lateral aspect of the elbow. Following the anterior lateral aspect of the upper arm, it passes through Zhouliao (LI12), Wuli (LI13), and Binao (LI14). It connects with Huizong (TE7) [Note: Text says "Luo Hui", likely referring to connection or intersection]. It ascends to the shoulder to reach Jianyu (LI15).
Emerging from the anterior margin of the [missing character, likely clavicle/acromion], it ascends to the meeting point of the vertebral column (Zhuge).
From Dazhui (GV14), it descends into the Supraclavicular Fossa (Quepen), connects with the Lung, descends through the diaphragm, and belongs to the Large Intestine.
From Dazhui (GV14), it descends into the Supraclavicular Fossa, runs lateral to the Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian, surrounds the Lung, descends through the diaphragm, and meets/belongs to the Large Intestine at the level of Tianshu (ST25).
Its branch rises from the Supraclavicular Fossa to the neck, penetrates the cheek, and enters the lower gum.
The neck connects the head and trunk; the curved area below the ear is the cheek; the small teeth in front of the mouth are the teeth. The branch rises from the Supraclavicular Fossa along the neck, passes through Tianding (SI14) and Futu (LI18), ascends through the cheek, and enters the lower gum.
It re-emerges, flanking the corner of the mouth, crosses at Renzhong (GV26), with the left channel crossing to the right and the right to the left, ascending to flank both sides of the nostrils.
Above the lips and below the nasal columella is Renzhong (GV26). Having entered the gum, it re-emerges to flank the corners of the mouth, intersecting at Renzhong. The left channel's qi goes to the right, and the right to the left, ascending to flank the nostrils, passing through Heliao (LI19) and Yingxiang (LI20), ending where it connects with the Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian.
This meridian has abundant Qi and Blood. At Mao hour (5-7 AM), Qi and Blood flow into it. It receives transmission from the Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian. It has twenty acupoints, forty in total on both sides. The pathways for receiving Qi in the hand Yin and Yang meridians are close, and the arrival of Qi is rapid. Needling depth should not exceed 2 fen, and retention time should not exceed one breath. Exceeding this leads to depletion of Qi.
Shangyang (LI1) (Also known as Jueyang): Located on the radial side of the index finger, about the width of a leek leaf from the nail corner. It is the Jing-Well point of the Hand Yangming Large Intestine Meridian, belonging to Metal. Bronze Man records moxibustion. Indications: Swelling of the jaw and chin, toothache, aversion to cold, stiffness of the shoulder and back, pain radiating to the supraclavicular fossa, blindness (Qingmang). Moxa 3 cones. Treat left with right, right with left. Recovery occurs within the time it takes to eat a meal.
Erjian (LI2) (Also known as Jiangu): Located in the depression on the medial side before the proximal interphalangeal joint of the index finger. It is the Ying-Spring point of the Hand Yangming Large Intactine Meridian, belonging to Water. Drain excess in the Large Intestine. Bronze Man. Indications: Yellow complexion, dry mouth, bad breath, difficulty swallowing, water accumulation in Cold Damage. Li Dongyuan said: If Qi stagnates in the arms and legs, treat from below. First puncture blood vessels to remove stasis, then deeply needle the Ying-Spring and Shu points of the Yangming and Shaoyin meridians, specifically Erjian and Sanjian.
Sanjian (LI3) (Also known as Shaogu): Located in the depression on the medial side after the proximal interphalangeal joint of the index finger. It is the Shu-Stream point of the Hand Yangming Large Intestine Meridian, belonging to Wood. Bronze Man. Needle 3 fen, retain for 3 breaths. Indications: Asthma, acute eye pain, protruding tongue, torticollis, fright, excessive salivation, difficulty swallowing, Cold Damage with Qi heat, body coldness with water accumulation.
Hegu (LI4) (Also known as Hukou): Located in the depression between the metacarpal bones of the thumb and index finger. It is the Yuan-Source point of the Hand Yangming Large Intestine Meridian. Both deficiency and excess conditions can be treated by reducing method (Ba Zhi). Bronze Man. Needle 2 fen. Indications: Incessant hiccups, inability to sweat in Heat diseases, blurred vision, leukoma, headache, lower caries, deafness, throat obstruction, facial swelling, inability to close lips, aphonia, trismus, hemiplegia, wind urticaria and scabies, lateral and frontal headaches, pain radiating to the waist and spine, unilateral tonsillitis in children. Note: For pregnant women, Hegu should only be reduced, not supplemented, as supplementation may cause abortion. See Sanyinjiao (SP6) under Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian for details.
Yangxi (LI5) (Also known as Zhongkui): Located in the depression between the two tendons on the dorsal-radial side of the wrist. It is the Jing-River point of the Hand Yangming Large Intestine Meridian, belonging to Fire. Bronze Man. Needle 3 fen, retain for 7 breaths. Indications: Malaria, cold cough, vomiting froth, throat obstruction, tinnitus and deafness, convulsions preventing arm elevation, scabies.
Pianli (LI6): Located 3 cun distal to the wrist crease. It is the Luo-Connecting vessel of the Hand Yangming, diverging to the Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian. Bronze Man. Needle 3 fen, retain for 7 breaths, moxa 3 cones. Ming Tang records moxa 5 cones. Indications: Wind causing anhidrosis, promoting urination. Excess manifests as dental caries and deafness, treat by draining. Deficiency manifests as cold teeth and chest/diaphragm bi-zhang, treat by tonifying.
Wenliu (LI7) (Also known as Nizhu, Chitou): Located 5 cun (Da Shi) or 6 cun (Xiao Shi) distal to the wrist. Ming Tang records it between 5 and 6 cun distal to the wrist. Bronze Man. Indications: Wind rebellion causing limb swelling, protruding tongue, oral pain, throat obstruction.
Xialian (LI8): Located below the styloid process (Fu Gu), 1 cun above Shanglian. Outside the sharp muscle. Bronze Man. Oblique needle 5 fen, retain for 2 breaths, moxa 3 cones. Indications: Sporadic diarrhea,劳损 (weariness/injury), mass, unbearable stabbing abdominal pain, sporadic diarrhea, abdominal and hypochondriac fullness/pain, manic running, periumbilical pain, indigestion, asthma unable to walk, dry lips, salivation, mastitis.
Shanglian (LI9): Located 1 cun below Shousanli. Its distribution reaches outside the meeting of the Yangming meridian. Bronze Man. Oblique needle 5 fen, moxa 5 cones. Indications: Dysuria, yellow-red urine, borborygmi, chest pain, hemiplegia, cold bone marrow, numbness of hands and feet, asthma, Large Intestine Qi stagnation, Brain Wind headache.
Shousanli (LI10) (Also known as Shousanli): Located 2 cun below Quchi. Muscle bulges upon pressure, at the end of the sharp muscle. Bronze Man. Moxa 3 cones, needle 2 fen. Indications: Cholera, incontinence, aphonia, toothache, cheek/jaw swelling, scrofula, arm numbness, elbow contracture unable to extend, stroke with deviation of mouth and eye, paralysis of hands and feet.
Quchi (LI11): Located at the lateral end of the elbow bone, in the depression between the two bones when the elbow is flexed. Take the point with the hand arched to the chest. It is the He-Sea point of the Hand Yangming Large Intestine Meridian, belonging to Earth. Suwen annotation. Needle 5 fen, retain 10 breaths. Indications: Ankle wind, red swollen arms, elbow pain, hemiplegia, aversion to wind, tearing, forgetfulness, wind urticaria, throat obstruction unable to speak, chest烦满 (vexation/fullness), arm pain, weak muscles unable to grasp, inability to draw bow, difficulty flexing/extending, wind-bi, weak thin elbows, lingering residual heat from Cold Damage, dry skin, spasms/epilepsy, generalized pain/itching like insect bites, skin peeling into sores, skin scabies, amenorrhea in women.
Zhouliao (LI12): Located in the depression on the lateral aspect of the large bone of the elbow. Bronze Man. Moxa 3 cones, needle 3 fen. Indications: Wind-lao lethargy, arm pain unable to lift, heavy shoulder, axillary stiffness, numbness of elbow and arm.
Wuli (LI13): Located 3 cun above the elbow, in the center of the major pulse running inward. Bronze Man. Moxa 10 cones. Suwen states it is a major contraindication for needling. Indications: Wind-lao fright, hematemesis, cough, elbow/arm pain, lethargy, immobility of four limbs, subcostal fullness, rebellious Qi, jaundice, occasional slight fever, scrofula.
Binao (LI14): Located 7 cun above the elbow, at the end of the muscle, 1 cun below Jianyu. In the deep depression between two tendons and two bones. Take with arm flat. It is the Hand Yangming Luo-vessel [Note: Anatomically incorrect in standard theory, but text says so]. Hand Taiyang and Shaoyang pass through here. Indications: Thin weak arms, arm pain unable to raise, scrofula, neck stiffness.
Jianyu (LI15) (Also known as Zhongjianjing, Biangu): Located on the shoulder end of the humerus, in the depression between the two bones. Raise arm to find, feels empty. Meeting of Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder and Yangqiao meridians. Arms thin; if wind disease causes weak sinews and bones unresponsive to treatment, moxibustion is safe even if the point is small, but needling drains heat from shoulder/arm. Ming Tang. Needle 8 fen, retain 3 breaths, reduce with 5 inhalations. Moxibustion is less effective than needling. Take with arm flat, moxa 7 cones increasing to 14. Suwen annotation. Needle 1 cun, moxa 5 cones. Also says needle 6 fen, retain 6 breaths. Indications: Stroke paralysis, hemiplegia, wind spasms, wind diseases, half-body paralysis, hot wind shoulder heat, inability to turn head, shoulder/arm pain, arm weakness, inability to raise hand, contracture, wind-heat urticaria, withered complexion,劳qi seminal emission, unremitting heat from Cold Damage, limb heat, various goiters. Tang Dynasty Lu Zhou Cishi She Di Qin suffered from wind-bi and could not draw a bow. Zhen Quan had Qin stand drawing a bow toward the target, needled Jianyu. Upon insertion, he could shoot.
Jugu (LI16): Located ascending from the shoulder tip, in the depression between the bifurcated bones. Meeting of Hand Yangming Large Intestine and Yangqiao meridians. Bronze Man. Moxa 5 cones, needle 1.5 cun. Ming Tang. Lie supine. Moxa 3 cones. Indications: Convulsive epilepsy, broken heart hematemesis, arm pain, blood stasis in chest, inability to flex/extend shoulder/arm.
Tianding (SI16): Located in the neck above the supraclavicular fossa, directly 1 cun posterior to Futu (LI18). Suwen annotation. Needle 4 fen. Bronze Man. Moxa 3 cones, needle 3 fen. Ming Tang. Moxa 7 cones. Indications: Throat obstruction with swelling, dyspnea, dysphagia, laryngeal rattle.
Futu (LI18) (Also known as Shuixue): Located 1.5 cun above Qishe (ST13), in the neck below the angle of the mandible, 1.5 cun posterior to Renying (ST9). Look up to locate. Bronze Man. Indications: Globus sensation/choking.
Heliao (LI19) (Also known as Changjia): Below the nostril, 0.5 cun lateral to Shuigou (GV26). Bronze Man. Needle 3 fen, moxa 3 cones. Indications: Corpse-jue and inability to open mouth, nasal sores/polyps, nasal congestion anosmia, rhinorrhea/epistaxis.
Yingxiang (LI20): Located 1 cun above Heliao, 0.5 cun lateral to the nasal alar groove. Meeting of Hand Yangming Large Intestine and Foot Yangming Stomach meridians. Bronze Man. Needle 3 fen, retain 3 breaths. Contraindicated for moxibustion. Indications: Rhinorrhea, rhinitis with sores, nasal polyps.
Stomach Organ Diagram
The stomach weighs 2 jin 1 liang, circumference 1 chi 5 cun, length 2 chi 6 cun, diameter 5 cun. It is tortuous and flexible, holding 2 dou of grain and 1.5 dou of water.
The Stomach is the great source of the Six Fu-organs. Therefore, the flavors of the Five Zang and Six Fu-organs all originate from the Stomach.
When food and water enter, the Stomach becomes full and the Intestines empty.
Food entering the Stomach disperses essence to the Liver, nourishing the sinews.
Food entering the Stomach sends turbid Qi to the Heart, infusing essence into the vessels. Vessel Qi flows through the meridians, Meridian Qi returns to the Lung. The Lung governs all vessels, transmitting essence to the skin and hair. Skin and vessel essence combine, circulating Qi in the Fu-organs. Fu-organs' spirit and brightness remain in the Four Zang-organs. Qi returns to balance. Balance is normal. The Cun pulse forms at the Radial artery, determining life and death.
Diet entering the Stomach, its clear essence floats up and is transported to the Spleen. The Spleen disperses essence, sending it up to the Lung. The Lung regulates water passages, transporting down to the Bladder. Water essence distributes everywhere, the Five Meridians run together, conforming to the Yin-Yang of the Four Seasons and Five Zang-organs, measured as the constant norm.
The human stomach usually retains 2 dou of grain (ancient dou differs from modern, same for jin/liang and chi/cun) and 1.5 dou of water. Thus, a healthy person defecates twice daily, 2.5 sheng each time, totaling 5 sheng per day. In seven days, 3.5 dou of water and grain are exhausted. Thus, a healthy person who does not eat will die in seven days.
Li Dongyuan said: Dietary irregularity and fatigue injure the Spleen and Stomach internally, causing Stomach Yang to fail to ascend, sinking with Heart and Lung Qi into the Middle Jiao. Use Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang. Stomach heat digests well; Spleen disease fails to transform. He also said: If Spleen and Stomach are disharmonious, the Nine Orifices are blocked.