\r足太阳膀胱经\pj-j21.bmp\r
足太阳膀胱之脉。起于目内 。上额交巅上。
目大角为内 。发际前为额。脑上为巅。巅、顶也。足太阳之脉。起目内 睛明穴。上
额循攒竹。过神庭。历曲差、五处、承光、通天。自通天斜行。左右相交于顶上百会也。
其支别者。从巅至耳上角。
支别者。从巅至百会。抵耳上角。过率谷、浮白、窍阴穴。所以散养于经脉也。
其直行者。从巅入络脑。还出别下项。
脑、头髓也。颈上为脑。脑后为项。此直行者。由通天穴循络却、玉枕。入络脑。复出
下项。抵天柱也。
循肩膊内。挟脊抵腰中。入循膂。络肾属膀胱。
肩后之下为肩膊。椎骨为脊。尻上横骨为腰。挟脊为膂。自天柱而下。过大椎、陶道。
却循
胃俞、三焦俞、肾俞、大肠俞、小肠俞、膀胱俞、中膂内俞、白环俞。由是抵腰中。入循膂
。络肾。下属膀胱也。
其支别者。从腰中下贯臀。入 中。
臀、尻也。挟腰 骨两傍为机。机后为臀。腓肠上。膝后曲处为 。其支别者。从腰中
。循
六椎节而下为腰监骨挟脊附着之处。其十七至二十。凡四椎为腰监骨所掩附。而八 穴则挟
脊第一二空云云也。会阳在尾 骨两傍。则二十一椎乃复见而终焉。又按督脉当脊中起于长
强
骨所掩明矣。）会阳。下贯臀。至承扶、殷门、浮 、委阳。入 中之委中穴也。
其支别者。从膊内左右别。下贯胂。挟脊内。过髀枢。
膂肉曰胂。挟脊肉也。其支别者。为挟脊两傍第三行相去各三寸之诸穴。自天柱而下。
从膊
仓、肓门、志室、胞肓、秩边。下历尻臀过髀枢也。股外为髀。楗骨之下为髀枢。
循髀外后廉。下合 中。以下贯 内。出外髁之后。循京骨。至小指外侧端。
、腓肠也。循髀外后廉。髀枢之里。承扶之外。一寸五分之间而下。与前之入 中者
相合
金门。循京骨、束骨、通谷。至小指外侧端之至阴穴。以交于足少阴也。
此经多血少气。申时气血注此。受手太阳之交。凡六十三穴。左右共一百二十六穴。刺
深五分。留六呼。
睛明（一名泪空） 目内 。明堂云。内 头外一分宛宛中。手足太阳、足阳明、阴跷、
阳跷五脉之会。铜人。针一寸半。留三呼。雀目者。可久留针。然后速出针。禁灸。明堂。针一
分半。资生云。面部所针。浅者一分。深者四分。素注亦云一分。是铜人误以一分为一寸也
。素注。针一分。留六呼。灸三壮。主目远视不明。恶风泪出。憎寒头痛。目眩。内 赤痛
。KT KT 无见。 痒。浮肤白翳。大 攀睛 肉侵睛。雀目。瞳子生障。小儿疳眼。
按东垣曰。刺太阳、阳明出血。则目愈明。盖此经多血少气。故目翳与赤痛从内 起者
。刺
刺攒竹。卧针直抵睛明。不补不泻。而又久留针。非古人意也。
攒竹（一名始光 一名员柱 一名光明） 两眉头少陷宛宛中。素注。针三分。留六呼。
灸三
度刺。目大明。明堂。宜细三棱针三分出血。灸一壮。主目KT KT 。视物不明。泪出目眩。瞳
子痒。目瞢。眼中赤痛。及睑 动不得卧。颊痛面痛。尸厥癫邪。神狂鬼魅。风眩。嚏。
曲差 神庭旁一寸五分。入发际。铜人。针三分。灸三壮。主目不明。鼽衄鼻塞。鼻疮
。心烦满。汗不出。头顶痛。项肿。身体烦热。
五处 夹上星旁一寸五分。铜人。针三分。留七呼。灸三壮。明堂。灸五壮。主脊强反
折。螈 癫疾。头风热。目眩。目不明。目上戴不识人。
承光 五处后一寸五分。又云一寸。铜人。针三分。禁灸。主风眩头风。呕吐心烦。鼻
塞不利。目生白翳。
通天 承光后一寸半。铜人。针三分。留七呼。灸三壮。主瘿气。鼻衄鼻疮。鼻窒。鼻
多清涕。头旋。尸厥。口 。喘息。项痛重。暂起僵仆。瘿瘤。
络却（一名强阳 一名脑盖） 通天后一寸五分。素注。刺三分。留五呼。铜人。灸三壮
。主头旋耳鸣。狂走螈 。恍惚不乐。腹胀。青盲内障。目无所见。
玉枕 络却后一寸五分。又云七分。侠脑户旁一寸三分。起肉枕骨上。入发际二寸。铜
人。
多汗。鼻窒不闻。
天柱 侠项后发际。大筋外廉陷中。铜人。针五分。得气即泻。明堂。针二分。留三呼
。泻
鼻不知香臭。脑重如脱。项如拔。项强不可回顾。
大杼 项后第一椎下。两旁相去脊中各一寸五分陷中。正坐取之。督脉别络。手足太阳
、少
针五分。灸七壮。明堂。禁灸。下经、素注。针三分。留七呼。灸三壮。资生云。非大急不
灸。主膝痛不可屈伸。伤寒汗不出。腰脊痛。胸中郁郁。热甚不已。头风振寒。项强不可俯
仰。 疟头旋。劳气咳嗽。身热目眩。腹痛。僵仆不能久立。烦满里急。身不安。筋挛癫疾
。身 急。东垣曰。五脏气乱。在于头。取之天柱、大杼。不补不泻。以导气而已。
风门（一名热府） 二椎下。两旁相去脊中各一寸五分。正坐取之。铜人。针五分。素注
。三
身热。上气短气。咳逆胸背痛。风劳呕吐。伤寒头项强。目瞑。胸中热。
肺俞 第三椎下。两旁相去脊中各一寸五分。千金。对乳引绳度之。甄权。以搭手左取
右。
。史记扁鹊传作输。犹委输经气。由此而输彼也。甲乙。针三分。留七呼。得气即泻。甄权
。针五分。留七呼。灸百壮。明下。三壮。素问。刺中肺。三日死。其动为咳。又曰。五日
死。主瘿气。黄胆。劳瘵。口舌干。劳热上气。腰脊强痛。寒热喘满。虚烦。传尸骨蒸。肺
痿咳嗽。肉痛皮痒。呕吐。支满不嗜食。狂走欲自杀。背偻。肺中风。偃卧。胸满短气。瞀
闷汗出。百毒病。食后吐水。小儿龟背。仲景曰。太阳与少阳并病。头项强痛。或眩冒。时
如结胸。心下痞硬者。当刺太阳肺 、肝 。
按素问云。刺胸腹者。必避五脏。中肺者。三日死云云。铜人乃于背部各俞穴言之。则
固矣。
厥阴俞（一名阙俞） 四椎下。两旁相去脊中各一寸五分。正坐取之。铜人。针三分。灸
七壮。主咳逆。牙痛心痛。胸满呕吐。留结烦闷。
或曰。脏腑皆有俞在背。独心包络无俞何也。曰。厥阴俞即心包络俞也。
心俞 五椎下。两旁相去脊中各一寸五分。正坐取之。铜人。针三分。留七呼。得气即
泻。
金言。中风心急。灸心俞百壮。当权其缓急可也。主偏风半身不遂。心气乱恍惚。心中风偃
卧不得倾侧。闷乱冒绝。汗出唇赤。狂走发痫。语悲泣。胸闷乱。咳吐血。黄胆。鼻衄。目
目昏。呕吐不下食。丹毒。遗精白浊。健忘。小儿心气不足。数岁不语。
鬲俞 七椎下。两旁相去脊中各一寸五分。正坐取之。难经曰。血会鬲俞。疏曰。血病
治此
也
主心痛周痹。吐食翻胃。骨蒸。四肢怠惰。嗜卧。 癖。咳逆。呕吐。鬲胃寒痰。食饮不下
。热病汗不出。身重常温。不能食。食则心痛。身痛胪胀。胁腹满。自汗盗汗。
肝俞 九椎下。两旁相去脊中各一寸五分。正坐取之。经曰。东风伤于春。病在肝俞。
铜人
黄胆。鼻酸。热病后目暗泪出。目眩。气短咳血。目上视。咳逆。口干。寒疝。筋寒。热
痉
折。目上视。目眩。眉头痛。惊狂。鼽衄。起则目KT KT 。生白翳。咳引胸中痛。寒疝小腹痛
。唾血短气。热病瘥后食五辛。目暗。肝中风。踞坐不得低头。绕两目连额上色微青。积聚
痞痛。
胆俞 十椎下。两旁相去脊中各一寸五分。正坐取之。铜人。针五分。留七呼。灸三壮
。明
腹胀。口苦舌干咽痛。干呕吐。骨蒸劳热。食不下。目黄。
按资生经所载。崔知悌平取四花穴。上二穴是鬲俞。下二穴是胆俞。四穴主血。故取此
以治劳瘵。后世误以四花为斜取。非也。
脾俞 十一椎下。两旁相去脊中各一寸五分。正坐取之。铜人。针三分。留七呼。灸三
壮。
。癖积聚。胁下满。泄利。痰疟寒热。水肿气胀引脊痛。黄胆。善欠。不嗜食。
胃俞 十二椎下。两旁相去脊中各一寸五分。正坐取之。铜人。针三分。留七呼。灸随
年为
目不明。腹痛。胸胁支满。脊痛筋挛。小儿羸瘦。不生肌肤。东垣曰。中湿者。治在胃俞。
三焦俞 十三椎下。两旁相去脊中各一寸五分。正坐取之。铜人。针五分。留七呼。灸
三壮
背急。腰脊强。不得俯仰。水谷不化。泄注下利。腹胀肠鸣。目眩头痛。
肾俞 十四椎下。两旁相去脊中各一寸五分。与脐平。正坐取之。欲知背俞。先度其两
乳间
。两隅在下。当其下隅者。肺之俞也。复下一度。心之俞也。复下一度。左角肝之俞也。右
角脾之俞也。复下一度。肾之俞也。铜人。针三分。留七呼。灸以年为壮。明堂。灸三壮。
素问。刺中肾。六日死。其动为嚏。又曰。五日死。主虚劳羸瘦。耳聋肾虚。水藏久冷。心
腹满胀急。两胁满引小腹急痛。胀热。小便淋。目视KT KT 。少气。溺血。小便浊。出精梦
泄。肾中风。踞坐而腰痛。消渴。五劳七伤。虚惫。脚膝拘急。腰寒如水。头重身热。振栗
。食多羸瘦。面黄黑。肠鸣。膝中四肢淫泺。洞泄食不化。身肿如水。女人积冷气成劳。乘
经交接羸瘦。寒热往来。
大肠俞 十六椎下。两旁相去脊中各一寸五分。伏取之。铜人。针三分。留六呼。灸三
壮。
风而鸣。大肠灌沸。肠癖。泄利白痢。食不化。小腹绞痛。大小便难。东垣云。中燥治在大
肠俞。
小肠俞 十八椎下。两旁相去脊中各一寸五分。伏而取之。铜人。针三分。留六呼。灸
三壮
。五色赤痢下重。肿痛。脚肿。五痔。头痛。虚乏消渴。口干不可忍。妇人带下。东垣云。
中暑治在小肠俞。
膀胱俞 十九椎下。两旁相去脊中各一寸五分。伏取之。铜人。针三分。留六呼。灸三
壮。
满。大便难。泄利腹痛。脚膝无力。女子瘕聚。
中膂内俞（一名脊内俞） 二十椎下。两旁相去脊中各一寸五分。侠脊胂起肉。伏取之。
铜人
灸。主肾虚消渴。腰脊强不得俯仰。肠冷赤白痢。疝痛。汗不出。腹胀胁痛。
白环俞 二十一椎下。两旁相去脊中各一寸五分。伏取之。一云。挺伏地。端身两手
相重
堂云。灸三壮。主手足不仁。腰脊痛。疝痛。大小便不利。腰髋疼。脚膝不遂。温疟。腰脊
冷疼。不得久卧。劳损虚风。腰背不便。筋挛痹缩。虚热闭塞。
上 第一空腰踝下一寸。侠脊陷中。足太阳、少阳之络。铜人。针三分。灸七壮。主
大小
起跪。甄权针上 、环跳、阳陵泉、巨虚下廉。即能起跪。八 总治腰痛。
次 第二空侠脊陷中。铜人。针三分。灸七壮。主大小便不利。腰痛不得转摇。背腠
寒。小便赤。心下坚胀。疝气下坠。足清不仁。阴气痛。肠鸣注泄。偏风。妇人赤白淋。
中 三空侠脊陷中。足厥阴、少阳所结之会。铜人。针二分。留十呼。灸三壮。主大
小便不利。腹胀下利。五劳七伤六极。大便难。小便淋沥。飧泄。妇人带下。月事不调。
下 四空侠脊陷中。铜人。针二分。留十呼。灸三壮。主大小便不利。肠鸣注泻。寒
湿内伤。大便下血。腰不得转。痛引卵。女子下苍汁不禁。中痛引小肠急痛。
会阳（一名利机） 阴尾尻骨两旁。铜人。针八分。灸五壮。主腹寒。热气冷气。泄泻。
久痔。肠癖下血。阳气虚乏。阴汗湿。
承扶（一名肉 一名阴关 一名皮部） 尻臀下。股阴上纹中。又云。尻臀下陷纹中。
铜
殷门 肉 下六寸。铜人。针七分。主腰脊不可俯仰。举重恶血泄注。外股肿。
浮 委阳上一寸。展膝得之。铜人。针五分。灸三壮。主霍乱转筋。小肠热。大肠结
。胫外经筋急。髀枢不仁。小便热。大便坚。
委阳 承扶下一尺六寸。屈身取之。足太阳之前。少阳之后。出于 中外廉两筋间。三
焦下
便。螈 癫疾。小腹坚。伤寒热甚。
委中（一名血 ） 中央约纹动脉陷中。令人面挺伏地卧取之。足太阳膀胱脉所入为合
。土
。刺 中大脉。令人仆脱色。主膝痛及拇指。腰侠脊沉沉然。遗溺。腰重不能举体。小腹坚
满。风痹。髀枢痛。可出血。痼疹皆愈。伤寒四肢热。热病汗不出。取其经血立愈。委中者
。血 也。大风发眉堕落。刺之出血。
附分 二椎下。附项内廉。两旁相去脊中各三寸。正坐取之。手足太阳之会。铜人。针
三分。素注。刺八分。灸五壮。主肘不仁。肩背拘急。风冷客于腠理。颈痛不得回顾。
魄户 直附分下。三椎下。两旁相去脊中行各三寸。正坐取之。铜人。针五分。得气即
泻。
不得回顾。喘息咳逆。呕吐烦满。
膏肓俞 四椎下。近五椎上。两旁相去脊中各三寸。正坐曲脊。伸两手。以臂着膝前。
令端直。手大指与膝头齐。以物支肘。毋令摇动取之。铜人。灸百壮。多至五百壮。当觉砻砻然
似水流之状。亦当有所下。若无停痰宿饮。则无所下也。如病患已困。不能正坐。当令侧卧
Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang
The meridian of the Bladder of Foot-Taiyang originates at the inner canthus (Jingming, BL1), ascends to the forehead, and intersects at the vertex.
The large angle of the eye is called the inner canthus; the area anterior to the hairline is the forehead; the top of the brain is the vertex, which refers to the crown of the head. The meridian of the Bladder of Foot-Taiyang originates at Jingming (BL1) in the inner canthus, ascends along the forehead passing through Cuanzhu (BL2), Shen'ting (GV24), Qucha (BL6), Wuchu (BL7), Chengguang (BL8), and Tongtian (BL7). From Tongtian (BL7), it runs obliquely, intersecting on both sides at Baihui (GV20) on the vertex.
Its branch extends from the vertex to the upper corner of the ear.
This branch goes from the vertex to Baihui (GV20), reaches the upper corner of the ear, passing through Lvgu (GB8), Fubai (GB12), and Qiaoyin (GB10). This serves to distribute nourishment to the meridians.
The main trunk enters the brain from the vertex, emerges again, and descends separately through the nape.
The brain is the marrow of the head; the upper neck is considered part of the head region, while the back of the neck is the nape. This main trunk passes from Tongtian (BL7) through Luoque (BL9) and Yuzhen (BL11), entering and connecting with the brain, then emerging to descend to the nape, reaching Tianzhu (BL10).
It follows the medial aspect of the shoulder blades, flanks the spine to reach the middle of the waist, enters the muscles alongside the sacrum (Lü), connects with the Kidney, and belongs to the Bladder.
The lower part of the scapula is the shoulder blade; the vertebral column is the spine; the transverse bone above the coccyx is the waist; the muscles flanking the spine are Lü. Descending from Tianzhu (BL10), it passes Dazhui (GV14), Taodao (GV13), then follows Weishu (BL21), Sanjiaoshu (BL22), Shenshu (BL23), Dachangshu (BL25), Xiaochangshu (BL27), Pangguangshu (BL28), Zhonglü Neishu (BL29), and Baihuanshu (BL30). Thus it reaches the middle of the waist, enters the Lü muscles, connects with the Kidney, and descends to belong to the Bladder.
Its branch descends from the middle of the waist, penetrates the buttocks, and enters the popliteal fossa.
The buttock is the Kao region; the sides flanking the hip bone are Bitu; behind Bitu is the buttock; above the gastrocnemius and behind the knee bend is the popliteal fossa. This branch descends from the waist, passing the four vertebrae (seventeenth to twentieth) covered by the lumbar sacral bones, where the eight Liao acupoints are located flanking the first and second interspaces of the spine. Huiyang (BL35) is on both sides of the coccyx; thus the twenty-first vertebra reappears and terminates. According to the Governing Vessel originating at Changqiang (GV1) in the midline of the spine, the coverage by the coccyx is clear. Huiyang (BL35) descends through the buttocks to Chengfu (BL36), Yinmen (BL37), Fupi (BL38), Weiyang (BL39), and enters Weizhong (BL40) in the popliteal fossa.
Another branch separates from the medial shoulder, descends through the posterior thigh muscles (Shen), flanks the interior of the spine, and passes through the hip pivot (Bitu).
The muscles of the sacral region are called Shen, meaning the flesh flanking the spine. This branch consists of the acupoints in the third line flanking the spine, three cun apart on each side. Descending from Tianzhu (BL10), it passes Cangmen (BL47), Huangmen (BL48), Zhishi (BL52), Baohuang (BL53), and Zhibian (BL54) from the shoulder, descending over the buttocks and passing the hip pivot. The lateral thigh is Bi; below the Jian bone is the Bitu (hip pivot).
It follows the posterior lateral border of the thigh, converges into the popliteal fossa, descends through the calf, emerges posterior to the lateral malleolus, follows Jinggu (BL64), and reaches the lateral end of the little toe.
The calf refers to the gastrocnemius. Following the posterior lateral border of the thigh, inside the Bitu and between Chengfu (BL36) and one-and-a-half cun outward, it descends and merges with the branch entering the popliteal fossa. It passes Jinmen (BL63), follows Jinggu (BL64), Shugu (BL65), Tonggu (BL66), and reaches Zhiyin (BL67) at the lateral end of the little toe, connecting with the Kidney Meridian of Foot-Shaoyin.
This meridian has abundant blood and scarce Qi; Qi and Blood flow into it during the Shen hour (15:00–17:00). It receives transmission from the Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang. It contains sixty-three acupoints, totaling one hundred and twenty-six on both sides. Needling depth is five fen; retain the needle for six breaths.
Jingming (BL1) (also known as Leikong): Located at the inner canthus. *Mingtang* states: One-fen lateral to the inner canthus in the depression. It is the meeting point of the Hand-Taiyang, Foot-Taiyang, Foot-Yangming, Yin-Qiao, and Yang-Qiao meridians. *Tongren* states: Needle 1.5 cun; retain for three breaths. For patients with nyctalopia, retain the needle for a long time, then remove it quickly. Moxibustion is contraindicated. *Mingtang* states: Needle 1.5 fen. *Zisheng* states: For facial points, shallow needling is one fen, deep is four fen. *Suwen Zhu* also states one fen. This indicates an error in *Tongren* writing one fen as one cun. *Suwen Zhu* states: Needle one fen; retain for six breaths. Moxibustion: three moxa cones. Indications: Distant vision impairment, aversion to wind with tearing, chills with headache, vertigo, redness and pain in the inner canthus, visual obscuration, itching eyes, edema of eyelids with white nebula, pterygium invading the cornea, nyctalopia, opacity of the pupil, pediatric malnutrition eye disease.
Li Dongyuan stated: Pricking the Taiyang and Yangming meridians to bleed improves vision. Since this meridian has abundant blood and scarce Qi, for nebula and redness/pain originating from the inner canthus, this point should be used.
Needling Cuanzhu (BL2) straight to Jingming (BL1) while supine, without tonification or sedation, and retaining the needle for a long time, does not align with ancient principles.
Cuanzhu (BL2) (also known as Shiguang, Yuanzhu, Guangming): Located in the depression slightly medial to the medial end of the eyebrow. *Suwen Zhu* states: Needle three fen; retain for six breaths. Moxibustion: three applications. Indications: Brightening of vision. *Mingtang* states: Use a fine three-edged needle to bleed three fen; moxibustion one cone. Indications: Visual obscuration, unclear vision, tearing and vertigo, itching of the pupil, visual dullness, redness and pain in the eyes, eyelid twitching preventing sleep, cheek and facial pain, corpse-like coma, epilepsy, mental delirium, wind-induced vertigo, sneezing.
Qucha (BL6): One-and-a-half cun lateral to Shenting (GV24), entering the hairline. *Tongren* states: Needle three fen; moxibustion three cones. Indications: Impaired vision, rhinitis with nasal congestion, nasal sores, mental restlessness and fullness, anhidrosis, vertex headache, neck swelling, body heat and irritability.
Wuchu (BL7): One-and-a-half cun lateral to Shangxing (GV23). *Tongren* states: Needle three fen; retain for seven breaths; moxibustion three cones. *Mingtang* states: Moxibustion five cones. Indications: Spinal rigidity and opisthotonos, convulsions and epilepsy, wind-heat headache, vertigo, impaired vision, upward deviation of the eyes with inability to recognize people.
Chengguang (BL8): One-and-a-half cun posterior to Wuchu (BL7), or one cun according to other texts. *Tongren* states: Needle three fen; moxibustion is contraindicated. Indications: Wind-induced vertigo and headache, vomiting with mental restlessness, nasal congestion and obstruction, white nebula in the eyes.
Tongtian (BL7): One-and-a-half cun posterior to Chengguang (BL8). *Tongren* states: Needle three fen; retain for seven breaths; moxibustion three cones. Indications: Goiter, epistaxis and nasal sores, nasal obstruction, excessive clear nasal discharge, vertigo, corpse-like coma, locked jaw, dyspnea, heavy neck pain, sudden stiffness and falling, goiter nodules.
Luoque (BL9) (also known as Qiangyang, Gaogai): One-and-a-half cun posterior to Tongtian (BL7). *Suwen Zhu* states: Needle three fen; retain for five breaths. *Tongren* states: Moxibustion three cones. Indications: Vertigo and tinnitus, manic running and convulsions, mental confusion and unhappiness, abdominal distension, amblyopia and internal cataracts, blindness.
Yuzhen (BL11): One-and-a-half cun posterior to Luoque (BL9), or seven fen. One-and-a-third cun lateral to Naohu (GV16), arising from the occipital bone, two cun into the hairline. *Tongren* states: Indications include hyperhidrosis, nasal obstruction with loss of smell.
Tianzhu (BL10): At the posterior hairline of the neck, in the depression lateral to the outer border of the trapezius tendon. *Tongren* states: Needle five fen; sedate upon arrival of Qi. *Mingtang* states: Needle two fen; retain for three breaths; sedation technique. Indications: Loss of olfactory sensation, heaviness of the head as if detached, neck feeling like being pulled, neck stiffness preventing turning the head.
Dazhu (BL11): Below the first thoracic vertice of the neck, in the depression one-and-a-half cun lateral to the spinous process. Take in sitting position. It is a collateral branch of the Governing Vessel and the meeting of the Hand-Taiyang, Foot-Taiyang, and Foot-Shaoyang meridians. *Tongren* states: Needle five fen; moxibustion seven cones. *Mingtang* states: Moxibustion is contraindicated. *Xiajing* and *Suwen Zhu* state: Needle three fen; retain for seven breaths; moxibustion three cones. *Zisheng* states: Do not moxa unless urgent. Indications: Knee pain preventing flexion and extension, cold damage with anhidrosis, low back and spinal pain, chest oppression, persistent high fever, wind-headache with chills, neck stiffness preventing bending and extending, malaria with vertigo, labor-related cough, body heat with vertigo, abdominal pain, stiffness preventing prolonged standing, mental fullness and internal urgency, restlessness, muscle spasms and epilepsy, body tension. Li Dongyuan stated: When Qi of the five Zang organs is disordered in the head, select Tianzhu and Dazhu; neither tonify nor sedate, merely to guide Qi.
Fengmen (BL12) (also known as Refu): Below the second thoracic vertebra, one-and-a-half cun lateral to the spinous process. Take in sitting position. *Tongren* states: Needle five fen. *Suwen Zhu* states: Moxibustion three cones. Indications: Body heat, shortness of breath, cough and reverse flow of Qi with chest and back pain, wind-labor vomiting, cold damage with neck stiffness, closed eyes, chest heat.
Feishu (BL13): Below the third thoracic vertebra, one-and-a-five cun lateral to the spinous process. *Qianjin Fang* states: Measure using a string from nipple to nipple. Zhen Quan states: Reach across the body to take the opposite side. In Sima Qian's biography of Bian Que, it is written as "Shu," implying the transfer of Qi from here to there. *Jiayi Jing* states: Needle three fen; retain for seven breaths; sedate upon arrival of Qi. Zhen Quan states: Needle five fen; retain for seven breaths; moxibustion one hundred cones. *Mingtang* states: Three cones. *Suwen* states: Puncturing the Lung causes death in three days, manifested by cough. It also says death occurs in five days. Indications: Goiter, jaundice, consumption tuberculosis, dry mouth and tongue, labor-heat with rising Qi, stiff and painful low back, alternating chills and fever with wheezing and fullness, deficiency vexation, infectious bone-steaming fever, lung abscess with cough, skin pain and itching, vomiting, chest fullness and loss of appetite, manic running and suicidal ideation, kyphosis, wind-stroke of the Lung with recumbency, chest fullness and shortness of breath, dizziness with sweating, hundred toxins disease, vomiting water after eating, infantile craniotabes/rickets. Zhang Zhongjing stated: When Taiyang and Shaoyang diseases combine, presenting with neck stiffness and headache, or vertigo/dizziness, occasionally resembling chest binding with epigastric hardness, one should puncture Feishu (BL13) and Ganshu (BL18).
According to *Suwen*: When puncturing the chest and abdomen, one must avoid the Zang organs. Puncturing the Lung leads to death in three days. *Tongren* discusses these Shu points on the back, which is correct.
Jueyinshu (BL14) (also known as Queshu): Below the fourth thoracic vertebra, one-and-a-half cun lateral to the spinous process. Take in sitting position. *Tongren* states: Needle three fen; moxibustion seven cones. Indications: Reverse flow of Qi, toothache and heart pain, chest fullness and vomiting, stagnation causing vexation.
Some ask: All Zang and Fu organs have Shu points on the back, why does the Pericardium lack one? The answer is: Jueyinshu (BL14) is the Shu point of the Pericardium.
Xinshu (BL15): Below the fifth thoracic vertebra, one-and-a-half cun lateral to the spinous process. Take in sitting position. *Tongren* states: Needle three fen; retain for seven breaths; sedate upon arrival of Qi. Jin dynasty physicians stated: For wind-stroke with heart urgency, moxa Xinshu (BL15) one hundred cones, adjusting based on severity. Indications: Hemiplegia due to wind, chaotic Heart Qi with mental confusion, wind-stroke of the Heart preventing turning, mental chaos and fainting, sweating with red lips, manic running and epilepsy, crying and speaking, chest tightness and confusion, hemoptysis, jaundice, epistaxis, blurred vision, vomiting with inability to eat, erysipelas, spermatorrhea and leukorrhea, amnesia, pediatric Heart Qi deficiency preventing speech at age several years.
Geshu (BL17): Below the seventh thoracic vertebra, one-and-a-half cun lateral to the spinous process. Take in sitting position. *Nanjing* states: Blood meets at Geshu (BL17). Commentary states: Treat blood diseases here. Indications: Heart pain and generalized bi-syndrome, vomiting and inversion of stomach, bone-steaming fever, limb lethargy, hypersomnia, abdominal masses, reverse flow of Qi, vomiting, cold phlegm in diaphragm and stomach, inability to swallow food and drink, febrile disease with anhidrosis, heavy body with constant warmth, inability to eat, heart pain upon eating, body pain and distension, hypochondriac and abdominal fullness, spontaneous and night sweats.
Ganshu (BL18): Below the ninth thoracic vertebra, one-and-a-half cun lateral to the spinous process. Take in sitting position. Classics state: East wind injures in spring; disease affects Ganshu (BL18). *Tongren* states: Indications include jaundice, sour taste in nose, dim vision and tearing after febrile disease, vertigo, shortness of breath with hemoptysis, upward deviation of eyes, reverse flow of Qi, dry mouth, cold hernia, cold tendons, febrile spasms, upward deviation of eyes, vertigo, brow and headache,惊狂 (panic and mania), epistaxis, visual obscuration upon rising, white nebula, cough drawing pain in chest, cold hernia with lower abdominal pain, spitting blood and shortness of breath, dim vision after recovering from febrile disease and consuming pungent foods, wind-stroke of the Liver with inability to bow the head, bluish tint around eyes and forehead, accumulations and痞 pain.
Danshu (BL19): Below the tenth thoracic vertebra, one-and-a-half cun lateral to the spinous process. Take in sitting position. *Tongren* states: Needle five fen; retain for seven breaths; moxibustion three cones. *Mingtang* states: Indications include abdominal distension, bitter taste and dry throat, dry vomiting, bone-steaming labor-heat, inability to eat, yellow eyes.
According to *Zisheng Jing*, Cui Zhiti horizontally selected the Four Flowers points; the upper two are Geshu (BL17), the lower two are Danshu (BL19). These four points govern blood, hence used for consumption tuberculosis. Later generations mistakenly believed Four Flowers were taken diagonally; this is incorrect.
Pishu (BL20): Below the eleventh thoracic vertebra, one-and-a-half cun lateral to the spinous process. Take in sitting position. *Tongren* states: Needle three fen; retain for seven breaths; moxibustion three cones. Indications: Abdominal masses, hypochondriac fullness, diarrhea, phlegm-malaria with chills and fever, edema and qi-distension drawing spinal pain, jaundice, frequent yawning, loss of appetite.
Weishu (BL21): Below the twelfth thoracic vertebra, one-and-a-half cun lateral to the spinous process. Take in sitting position. *Tongren* states: Needle three fen; retain for seven breaths; moxibustion number of cones equals age. Indications: Impaired vision, abdominal pain, chest and hypochondriac fullness, spinal pain and tendon spasms, pediatric emaciation and failure to gain flesh. Li Dongyuan stated: For dampness invasion, treat at Weishu (BL21).
Sanjiaoshu (BL22): Below the thirteenth thoracic vertebra, one-and-a-half cun lateral to the spinous process. Take in sitting position. *Tongren* states: Needle five fen; retain for seven breaths; moxibustion three cones. Indications: Back tension, stiff and painful low back preventing bending, indigestion, projectile diarrhea, abdominal distension and borborygmi, vertigo and headache.
Shenshu (BL23): Below the fourteenth thoracic vertebra, one-and-a-half cun lateral to the spinous process, level with the umbilicus. Take in sitting position. To locate back Shu points, first measure the distance between the nipples. The lower corners correspond to Feishu (BL13). One interval down is Xinshu (BL15). One interval further down, the left corner is Ganshu (BL18), the right corner is Pishu (BL20). One interval further down is Shenshu (BL23). *Tongren* states: Needle three fen; retain for seven breaths; moxa cones equal age. *Mingtang* states: Moxibustion three cones. *Suwen* states: Puncturing the Kidney causes death in six days, manifested by sneezing. It also says death in five days. Indications: Deficiency labor and emaciation, deafness and Kidney deficiency, chronic cold of the Water organ, acute abdominal fullness, hypochondriac fullness drawing to lower abdominal pain, heat distension, dysuria, visual obscuration, shortness of Qi, hematuria, turbid urine, nocturnal emission, wind-stroke of the Kidney with inability to sit upright due to back pain, diabetes, five labors and seven injuries, exhaustion, leg and knee stiffness, cold sensation in waist like water, heavy head with body heat, trembling, excessive eating yet emaciation, yellow-black complexion, borborygmi, weakness in knees and limbs, profuse diarrhea with undigested food, body edema like water, women's cold qi accumulation leading to labor, emaciation with alternating chills and fever during intercourse.
Dachangshu (BL25): Below the sixteenth thoracic vertebra, one-and-a-half cun lateral to the spinous process. Take in prone position. *Tongren* states: Needle three fen; retain for six breaths; moxibustion three cones. Indications: Bowel sounds, intestinal boiling, dysentery, white diarrhea, indigestion, severe lower abdominal colic, difficulty in urination and defecation. Li Dongyuan stated: For dryness invasion, treat at Dachangshu (BL25).
Xiaochangshu (BL27): Below the eighteenth thoracic vertebra, one-and-a-half cun lateral to the spinous process. Take in prone position. *Tongren* states: Needle three fen; retain for six breaths; moxibustion three cones. Indications: Dysentery with five colors and tenesmus, swelling and pain, leg edema, five types of hemorrhoids, headache, deficiency and diabetes, unbearable dry mouth, leukorrhea in women. Li Dongyuan stated: For summerheat invasion, treat at Xiaochangshu (BL27).
Pangguangshu (BL28): Below the nineteenth thoracic vertebra, one-and-a-half cun lateral to the spinous process. Take in prone position. *Tongren* states: Needle three fen; retain for six breaths; moxibustion three cones. Indications: Fullness, difficult defecation, diarrhea with abdominal pain, weak legs and knees, uterine masses in women.
Zhonglü Neishu (BL29) (also known as Jinei Shu): Below the twentieth thoracic vertebra, one-and-a-half cun lateral to the spinous process. Arising from the muscles flanking the spine. Take in prone position. *Tongren* states: Moxibustion. Indications: Kidney deficiency with diabetes, stiff low back preventing bending, cold intestines with bloody and white dysentery, hernia pain, anhidrosis, abdominal and hypochondriac distension.
Baihuanshu (BL30): Below the twenty-first thoracic vertebra, one-and-a-half cun lateral to the spinous process. Take in prone position, or lie prone with head up and hands stacked. *Mingtang* states: Moxibustion three cones. Indications: Numbness of limbs, low back and spinal pain, hernia pain, difficulty in urination and defecation, lumbosacral pain, inability to move legs and knees, warm malaria, cold pain in low back preventing prolonged lying, labor damage and deficient wind, back stiffness, tendon spasms and bi-contraction, deficient heat with blockage.
Shangliao (BL31): First empty space, one cun below the lumbar ankle, in the depression flanking the spine. It is the collateral of the Foot-Taiyang and Foot-Shaoyang meridians. *Tongren* states: Needle three fen; moxibustion seven cones. Indications: Difficulty in urination and defecation. Regarding rising and kneeling: Zhen Quan stated that needling Shangliao (BL31), Huantiao (GB30), Yanglingquan (GB34), and Lower He-sea of Foot-Yangming (ST37) enables rising and kneeling. The Eight Liao points generally treat low back pain.
Ciliao (BL32): Second empty space, in the depression flanking the spine. *Tongren* states: Needle three fen; moxibustion seven cones. Indications: Difficulty in urination and defecation, low back pain preventing turning, cold in back pores, dark urine, epigastric hardness and distension, hernia with downward dragging, cold and numb feet, Yin Qi pain, borborygmi and projectile diarrhea, hemiplegia, leukorrhea in women.
Zhongliao (BL33): Third empty space, in the depression flanking the spine. It is the convergence of the Foot-Jueyin and Foot-Shaoyang meridians. *Tongren* states: Needle two fen; retain for ten breaths; moxibustion three cones. Indications: Difficulty in urination and defecation, abdominal distension and diarrhea, five labors, seven injuries, and six extremes, difficult defecation, dribbling urine, incomplete stool evacuation, leukorrhea, irregular menstruation.
Xialiao (BL34): Fourth empty space, in the depression flanking the spine. *Tongren* states: Needle two fen; retain for ten breaths; moxibustion three cones. Indications: Difficulty in urination and defecation, borborygmi and projectile diarrhea, internal injury from cold-damp, bloody stool, inability to turn waist, pain radiating to testicles, involuntary discharge of whitish fluid in women, central pain radiating to small intestine with acute pain.
Huiyang (BL35) (also known as Liji): On both sides of the coccyx. *Tongren* states: Needle eight fen; moxibustion five cones. Indications: Abdominal cold, hot and cold Qi, diarrhea, chronic hemorrhoids, bloody dysentery, deficiency of Yang Qi, damp sweat in Yin region.
Chengfu (BL36) (also known as Rouxi, Yinguany, Pibu): Below the buttocks, in the crease on the upper medial thigh, or in the depressed crease of the buttock. *Tongren* states: Indications...
Yinmen (BL37): Six cun below Chengfu (BL36). *Tongren* states: Needle seven fen. Indications: Low back and spine stiffness preventing bending and extending, trauma from heavy lifting with blood stasis and projectile diarrhea, lateral thigh swelling.
Fupi (BL38): One cun above Weiyang (BL39); extend the knee to locate. *Tongren* states: Needle five fen; moxibustion three cones. Indications: Cholera with tendon spasms, Small Intestine heat, Large Intestine constipation, acute tension of tendons on lateral shin, insensitivity at hip pivot, hot urine, hard stool.
Weiyang (BL39): One foot-six cun below Chengfu (BL36); take in flexed posture. Anterior to Foot-Taiyang, posterior to Foot-Shaoyang, emerging between the two tendons at the lateral edge of the popliteal fossa; it is the lower auxiliary Shu point of the Sanjiao. Indications... urination, convulsions and epilepsy, hard lower abdomen, severe heat in cold damage.
Weizhong (BL40) (also known as Xuexi): In the depression of the arterial pulse at the center of the popliteal crease. Have the patient lie prone. It is the He-sea point where the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian enters; it belongs to Earth. Puncturing the major vessel in the popliteal fossa may cause fainting and pallor. Indications: Knee pain and big toe pain, heavy low back pain flanking the spine, enuresis, heavy low back preventing body movement, hard and full lower abdomen, wind-bi, hip pivot pain, bleeding is indicated; stubborn rashes will heal. For cold damage with heat in four limbs and febrile disease with anhidrosis, taking blood from this meridian brings immediate cure. Weizhong (BL40) is the Xuexi (Blood Pool). For severe wind causing eyebrow and hair loss, prick to bleed.
Fufen (BL41): Below the second thoracic vertebra, attached to the medial neck, three cun lateral to the spinous process. Take in sitting position. It is the meeting of the Hand-Taiyang and Foot-Taiyang meridians. *Tongren* states: Needle three fen. *Suwen Zhu* states: Needle eight fen; moxibustion five cones. Indications: Numbness of elbow, shoulder and back stiffness, wind-cold invading interstices, neck pain preventing turning head.
Pohu (BL42): Directly below Fufen (BL41), below the third thoracic vertebra, three cun lateral to the spinous process. Take in sitting position. *Tongren* states: Needle five fen; sedate upon arrival of Qi. Indications... inability to turn head, wheezing and cough, vomiting with mental fullness.
Gaohuangshu (BL43): Below the fourth thoracic vertebra, near the upper fifth thoracic vertebra, three cun lateral to the spinous process. Sit with curved back, extend hands, place arms on knees, keep body straight, align thumb with knee cap, support elbows with objects to prevent shaking when locating. *Tongren* states: Moxibustion one hundred cones, up to five hundred cones. One should feel a sensation like flowing water, and something should discharge. If there is no retained phlegm or old fluid, nothing will discharge. If the patient is too weak to sit upright, have them lie on their side.