《素问》六节脏象论曰∶肺者气之本,魄之处也。阴阳应象大论曰∶心之变动为忧。《
灵枢
》口问篇曰∶思忧则心系急,心系急则气道约,约则不利,故太息。本脏篇曰∶心小则易伤
以忧。盖忧则伤神,故伤心也。宣明五气篇曰∶精气并于肝则忧,肝胜而侮脾也。《灵枢
》
本神篇曰∶脾忧愁而不解,则伤意。脾主中气,中气受抑,则生意不伸,故郁而为忧。是心
肺脾肝四脏,皆能病忧也。戴复庵云∶七气致病,虽本一气,而所以为气者,随症而变。如
忧伤肝,肝属木,忧则气并于肝,而脾土受邪。忧伤心,心属火,忧则气并于心,而肺金受
邪。忧伤肺,肺属金,忧则气并于肺,而肝木受邪。凡人忧多则气机不利,胸胁痛。忧多则
水湿凝滞,周身走痛,或关节痛,遇阴寒则发。忧多则热蓄不散,目瞀,小便赤。忧多则气
虚不能摄涎,动则喘。忧多则血脉蹇滞,四肢无力,能食便红。忧多则食物不化,嗳酸腹满
不能食。目之白睛属于肺,肺忧郁太过,则肺气不舒,结成翳障,视物模糊。复有忧极而悲
者,伤及心胞之相火。有忧极而恐者,伤及肾中之真水,火不足则光华不能发越于外,水不
足则膏液不能充满于中,轻则昏 羞涩,重则鱼胞鹘眼,补肺安神,最为要法,再令素所亲
信之人,好言慰劝,使心阳转动,即喜胜忧之意也。
The *Suwen* (Basic Questions), Chapter 6 "Zangxiang Lun" (Treatise on Zang-Fu Manifestations) states: The Lung is the root of Qi and the residence of Po (Corporeal Soul). The *Suwen*, Chapter 4 "Yinyang Yingxiang Dalun" (Great Treatise on Yin-Yang Correspondences to Phenomena) states: The transformational manifestation of the Heart is sorrow/worry. The *Lingxu* (Spiritual Pivot), Chapter 12 "Kouwen" (Inquiry from the Mouth) states: Thinking and worry cause the Heart vessels to become tense; when the Heart vessels are tense, the Qi pathways are constricted; when constricted, they are not smooth, thus leading to deep sighing (Tai Xi). The *Lingxu*, Chapter 13 "Benzang" (Original Zang-Fu) states: A small Heart is easily injured by worry. Generally, worry injures the Shen (Spirit), thereby damaging the Heart. The *Suwen*, Chapter 8 "Xuanming Wuqi" (Clear Exposition of the Five Qi) states: When Jing-Qi (Essence-Qi) converges in the Liver, worry arises; this occurs because Liver Wood overacts upon Spleen Earth. The *Lingxu*, Chapter 10 "Benshen" (Original Spirit) states: If the Spleen is worried and cannot resolve it, the Yi (Intellect/Intent) is injured. The Spleen governs Middle Qi; if Middle Qi is suppressed, the Yi cannot extend, thus becoming depressed and giving rise to worry. Therefore, the Heart, Lung, Spleen, and Liver can all give rise to disorders of worry. Dai Fu'an stated: Although diseases caused by the Seven Emotions originate from Qi, the specific nature of the Qi disturbance varies with the symptoms. For instance, if worry injures the Liver, which belongs to Wood, the Qi converges in the Liver, and Spleen Earth suffers evil. If worry injures the Heart, which belongs to Fire, the Qi converges in the Heart, and Lung Metal suffers evil. If worry injures the Lung, which belongs to Metal, the Qi converges in the Lung, and Liver Wood suffers evil. In ordinary people, excessive worry leads to stagnant Qi mechanism, resulting in chest and hypochondriac pain. Excessive worry causes water-dampness to coagulate and stagnate, leading to wandering pain throughout the body or joint pain, which flares up upon exposure to yin-cold. Excessive worry causes heat to accumulate and fail to dissipate, resulting in blurred vision and dark red urine. Excessive worry leads to Qi deficiency failing to control saliva, causing panting upon movement. Excessive worry causes blood vessels to be sluggish, resulting in weakness of the four limbs, good appetite but bloody stools. Excessive worry leads to indigestion, belching with acid regurgitation, abdominal fullness, and inability to eat. The white part of the eye belongs to the Lung; if Lung Qi fails to diffuse due to excessive depression, membranes and obstructions may form, causing blurred vision. Furthermore, extreme worry turning into grief injures the Ministerial Fire of the Pericardium. Extreme worry turning into fear injures the True Water (Kidney Yin) within the Kidney. If Ministerial Fire is insufficient, the brilliance of the eyes cannot radiate outward; if True Water is insufficient, the nourishing fluids cannot fill the interior. Mild cases present with dim vision and photophobia; severe cases present with fish-belly eyelids (edematous eyelids resembling a fish's belly) or hawk-eyes (protruding eyeballs resembling a hawk's eyes). Tonifying the Lung and calming the Spirit are the most crucial methods. Additionally, having persons close and trusted by the patient offer gentle words of comfort and persuasion to stimulate the movement of Heart Yang constitutes the principle of using Joy to overcome Worry.