当归 味甘性温，入心肝二经。尾能破血，头养血，全用活血，热者不可用，制用酒洗。
川芎 味辛性温，入肝经。上行头角，助阳气止痛，下行血海，能养血，如气旺者不可用。
赤芍药 味苦辛性寒，入肝经。能散血行血，去赤肤止痛。
白芍药 味苦酸性寒，入肝经。能补脾损肝气，能养肝血泻肝火。如肝虚火衰者不可用。
熟地黄 味甘性温，入心经肝经。补血，如热者不可用。用酒蒸，杵烂为饼，晒干，研为末作丸，如不
作丸勿蒸。
黄柏 味苦寒，入肾经。补肾降相火，如火衰不可用。
龙胆草 味苦性凉，入肝经。益肝胆气，治目赤肿，除胃家伏热。
半夏 除湿化痰和胃气，利胸膈，治太阴头痛，制用姜汁炒。
羌活 入膀胱经。治头痛，去风邪，降肝气，肝虚不用。
防风 味甘辛性热，入膀胱经。以体用通疗诸风，以气味能泻肺经。
黄连 味苦寒，入心经。能泻心火，凉血去中焦热，浓肠胃。
大黄 味苦寒，入胃经。有推墙倒壁之功，能消肿去其皮肤之热。实者生用，虚者酒蒸，勿患虚肿者勿用。
生地黄 入心经。治血热，生新血，散瘀血，凉血，血寒者勿用。
麻风 入肺经。去风寒，退邪热，开九窍发表。
白芷 味辛性热，入肠经。去风止痛，治足阳明头痛，去肺肝二经发热。
细辛 味辛性热，入心经，能去风止泪，头痛，益肝胆通窍，去叶用。
山栀子 味苦，入肺经。泻肺火，除五脏热。目热赤肿宜用，要炒。
木贼 味甘，入肺经。去膜翳，益肝胆，明目去风，通窍止泪。
苍术 味辛性温，入胃经。平胃气去风邪，去湿止泪，发散。用米泔水浸，一日一换，水浸炒干用。
瞿麦 味苦，入小肠经。去膀胱热，养肾气，明目利小便。
黄 味甘性温，入脾经。行气固表虚，血滞不行，宜用蜜浸火炙，研为末作丸，如不作丸，勿如此。
滑石 入小肠经。能降上炎之火，通九窍利小便。
车前子 味甘咸性寒，入小肠经。清利小便，去肝经风热。
石决明 入肝经。去目障明目，有沉坠之功。肝虚者不用，火 极红为度。
青葙子 性微寒，入肝经。泻热上冲，去赤障，肝虚不用，制用酒洗。
草决明 入肝经。治肝热，热痛泪出，明目，肝虚不用。
白蒺藜 不入汤药，宜丸。入肝经，明目去风止痒。炒，杵去刺用。
牡丹皮 味苦寒，入肾经。泻阴火阳火，能凉心血，能行滞血，止痛。
地骨皮 味苦寒，入肾经。退热除蒸，泻肺热宜用。
桑白皮 味甘，入肺经，除肺热，泻肺气，肺寒不用。
麦门冬 味甘寒，入肺经。治肺热，去肺腑火，又清心窍。
密蒙花 味甘入肝经。去目中赤脉眵泪，能明目。
乌药 入肝经。能顺气行气去风。
胡黄连 味苦寒，入肝经。退骨热潮热，补肝胆明目，能治小儿疳伤不下食，霍乱热痢疾，小儿药多用之。
蔓荆子 味苦寒，入三焦。治头疼，眼睛痛，能明目开郁降火。
枸杞子 味甘入肾经。补肾明目，去目中赤膜遮睛，酒洗用。
何首乌 味苦入心经。去风寒，治阳明头疼。
蝉蜕 入肝经。去风解毒，脱目翳，止泪散寒邪。
白术 味苦温，入脾、胃经。能健脾胃，生津液，去胞睑湿热，气喘者勿用，又能助气。
香附米 味苦辛。能行气助胃气，止泪去湿，用之炒去毛杵净。
夏枯草 禀纯阳之气，得阴气则枯，能止泪去风，以阳补阴之理。
千里光 入心经。去风解毒热，明目，亦能行气，即夜明砂，水淘去屎留砂。一种草药名千里光，采其嫩
叶，净洗捣汁，熬成膏，单用点眼，退翳明目，恐即此也，前注恐非。
远志 味苦气温，入心经。定心益志，利窍安魂魄。
犀角 入心经。凉血解心热，清头目。铁 碎用，或水磨服。
羚羊角 入肝经。清肺肝火，清心明目，肝虚不用。
石膏 入胃经。泄胃火伏热，有镇之功，胃虚不用。
干葛 味甘平，入胃经。解肌发表，退热，升提胃气。
本 味辛，入膀胱经。去颠头痛，引药上行。
使君子 味甘，入胃经。杀疳虫，利小便。
薄荷 味辛寒，入肝经。去贼风，发表，利关节，止痛。
菊花 味苦甘，微寒，入肝经。明目，清头风，去目翳，发表。
茺蔚子 味甘辛，入眼经。除血热，明目去风。
甘草 味甘，生寒熟温，入脾经。生用能泻火解毒，炙者能助胃和平。
桑螵蛸 补肾去风，通五淋，利小便，明目散翳。
槐花 味苦寒，入心经。去心赤，泻血，泻大肠热。
郁金 味苦寒，入心经。治血郁于目，能凉能破心下气，开郁。
黑参 味苦咸，入肾经。补肾气，明目，得黄芩泻肝火，除肝热。
知母 味苦寒，入肾经。补肾水，泻肾火、三焦火。
桔梗 味苦温，入肺经。治肺热，为诸药之舟楫，乃肺部之引经。
芒硝 治积聚热疾，利大便不通。
汉防己 味辛苦寒，通行诸经，去风寒有走达之功。
蒲黄 味甘性平，入心经。能消瘀血，破血、消肿，炒用。
连翘 泻心火，解脾胃湿热，除心经客热。
五味子 味酸性温，入肾经肺经，补肾滋肺益肝。
独活 味苦温，走诸经。去外受贼风，无分新旧。
楮实子 味苦寒，入肺经。升阳上行，能去风治头痛。
肉苁蓉 味酸咸，性温，入肾经。补肾生精，用酒洗，相火旺不用。
川椒 味辛热。用之于上，退六腑之沉寒；用之于下，去目中障盲，去目炒去汗用。
人参 味甘性温无毒，入肺经。补气不足，安魂魄，生精开心窍通血。肺寒可用，肺热伤肺。
白茯苓 味甘温，入肺经。安魂定魄，补心虚，养神，利小便。
旋复花 味甘，入肺经。清痰明目，治头风。
菟丝子 味辛甘，入肾经。补肾明目，能去目黑花。酒洗蒸饼，晒干为丸，不做丸勿制。
泽泻 味甘寒，入膀胱。利水通淋，补阴不足，明目。
黑附子 味辛大热，入三焦。主阳散风去寒邪，火旺者不用，即大附子去粗皮。
木香 味苦性温，入心经。主治心痛，泄胞腹中滞寒冷气，不必过火，磨入药中服。
牛膝 能引诸药下行。凡用土牛膝，春夏用叶，冬用根。惟叶之效尤速，能益精。又治竹木刺入肉，敷之即出。
石斛 味甘性温，入肾经。去胃热，补阴血，益精壮筋骨。
红花 味甘苦，入心经。能破血行滞血，少用又养血。
天门冬 味苦气寒，入肺经。泻肺火，定肺气，利小便，凉血。去心杵为饼，晒干为丸，如不做，分研。
石菖蒲 味辛性热，入肾经。补肾，能开心窍明目。
柴胡 味苦寒，入肝经。能除往来结热积于胸中，除肝热，又得黄芩能泻肝火。
黄芩 味苦寒，入肺经。枯者泻肝火，实者退膀胱热。
巴戟 能补肾益精，疗阴萎，引气上行。
陈皮 去白者消痰利气，留白者补胃和中。
葶苈 味苦寒，入肺经。泻肝喘，利水下肺气，炒用。
芎 入脑。治头痛，血虚者去头风，养血。
白附子 一名两头尖。去风痰，止头痛，去粗皮用。
天麻 主头风去风疾，利四肢湿痹。
枳壳 宽肠下气，祛风化痰，治风邪作痛。
栝蒌根 即天花粉，入肺经，去痰火，解热毒，又能除酒毒。肺寒者不用，冷痰者不可过用，有热药，此宜亦
可用之。
蓄 利小肠经热闭。
小茴香 味辛气平，开胃行气，止呕吐，膀胱冷气肿痛，入药炒。
南星 去风痰，消肿毒，用姜汁煮过。
草乌 走筋骨败血，去风止痛，姜汁煮用。
川乌 去风寒作痛，助阳。
荆芥 去皮风邪发。
雄黄 解热毒，散血止痛。
乳香 调血气，利诸经之痛。制用浓箬三片夹药在中，熨斗火熨去油，研末用。
没药 破血止痛，去目翳晕，同前制法。
血竭 破积血止痛，去赤肤。
木通 利小肠经结热，降心火。
牛蒡子 去风明目行血。
蛤粉 能消痰火，凉血，解肌表极热。
蛇蜕 即蛇皮。去风毒，止泪痒痛。
全蝎 消风毒，破风痰，尾更佳，去四足。
藿香 开胃气，结痰利之。
蚕蜕 去风消痰，明目去翳膜，即晚蚕砂。
龙脑 即薄荷。性热，能通利寒热，去风，消目赤。
甘松 味甘性温，去风下气，治心腹痛，辟恶风。
朱砂 镇心安魂魄，凉血。
肉桂 引太阳经，止头痛，去寒邪，利肝胆气。
白蔹 散结气，除目赤热。
藜芦 吐气风痰，快膈。去芦用，根有大毒，用宜斟酌。
白芨 去贼风，解中风热闭。
猪牙皂角 去风痰，解表利气，炙去皮弦。
香白芷 去皮肤风热疮痒。
杏仁 润肺气，去痰行血。
紫苏 消痰解表利气。
夜明砂 明目去风。
山茱萸 入肾经。除头晕，补虚生精，去核。
天麻子 去风补肾明目，碎研入煎药。
熊胆 退热降火，去目赤热。试真假用水一碗，撒灰在内，将熊胆放水中，分灰水各开两边为真者，其色润黑。
山药 补肾不足，生精。
牛黄 去热痰，能安魂魄，凉血清心。
石燕 通血，利小便，治淋。
蕤仁 去目中赤痛风痒，去翳。制法去壳用仁，以竹筒盛在内，于红火煨药，纸干取出，可去油听用。
珍珠 清心明目去目翳。制法用豆腐一块，入珠于腐内，蒸过取出，用洗净白棉布两三重包珠，石上杵烂，用
细末。
玄精石 安魂魄有气之功。
沙鱼皮 解风毒止泪。
威灵仙 去风邪。
青皮 能下气快膈，消痰浊气，升于至高者而能下气，虚者不用。
青盐 补肾引至下部。水磨花铜锅熬成盐，听用。
川楝子 明目退热补肾。去核用。
沉香 补右尺命门，壮元阳，散滞血。
**Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui, 当归)**: Sweet in taste, warm in nature, enters the Heart and Liver meridians. The tail can break blood stasis, the head nourishes blood, and the whole root invigorates blood circulation. It should not be used in heat syndromes. Prepared by washing with wine.
**Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong, 川芎)**: Pungent in taste, warm in nature, enters the Liver meridian. Ascends to the head and temples, assists Yang Qi to relieve pain; descends to the Blood Sea, nourishes blood. It should not be used when Qi is excessive.
**Paeoniae Rubra Radix (Chishao, 赤芍药)**: Bitter and pungent in taste, cold in nature, enters the Liver meridian. Scatters blood and promotes circulation, removes redness and swelling of the skin, and relieves pain.
**Paeoniae Lactiflorae Radix Alba (Baishao, 白芍药)**: Bitter and sour in taste, cold in nature, enters the Liver meridian. Tonifies Spleen damage and soothes Liver Qi, nourishes Liver Blood, and drains Liver Fire. It should not be used in cases of Liver deficiency with deficient fire.
**Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (Shudihuang, 熟地黄)**: Sweet in taste, warm in nature, enters the Heart and Liver meridians. Nourishes blood. It should not be used in heat syndromes. Prepared by steaming with wine, pounding into cakes, drying in the sun, and grinding into powder for pills. If not making pills, do not steam.
**Phellodendri Cortex (Huangbai, 黄柏)**: Bitter in taste, cold in nature, enters the Kidney meridian. Tonifies the Kidney and descends Ministerial Fire (Xianghuo). It should not be used when fire is deficient.
**Gentianae Radix (Longdancao, 龙胆草)**: Bitter in taste, cool in nature, enters the Liver meridian. Benefits Liver and Gallbladder Qi, treats red and swollen eyes, and clears latent heat in the Stomach.
**Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia, 半夏)**: Removes dampness and transforms phlegm, harmonizes Stomach Qi, benefits the chest and diaphragm, treats Taiyin headache. Prepared by stir-frying with ginger juice.
**Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo, 羌活)**: Enters the Bladder meridian. Treats headache, dispels wind pathogen, descends Liver Qi. Not used in Liver deficiency.
**Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng, 防风)**: Sweet and pungent in taste, hot in nature, enters the Bladder meridian. Its form and action treat various wind conditions; its aroma and flavor drain the Lung meridian.
**Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian, 黄连)**: Bitter in taste, cold in nature, enters the Heart meridian. Drains Heart Fire, cools blood, removes middle Jiao heat, and thickens the intestines and stomach.
**Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang, 大黄)**: Bitter in taste, cold in nature, enters the Stomach meridian. Has powerful purgative effects, reduces swelling, and removes heat from the skin. Used raw in excess syndromes, steamed with wine in deficiency syndromes. Not used in patients with edema due to deficiency.
**Rehmanniae Radix Recens (Shengdihuang, 生地黄)**: Enters the Heart meridian. Treats blood heat, generates new blood, disperses blood stasis, cools blood. Not used in cold blood syndromes.
**Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄)**: Enters the Lung meridian. Disperses wind-cold, retreats pathogenic heat, opens the nine orifices, and releases the exterior.
**Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baizhi, 白芷)**: Pungent in taste, hot in nature, enters the Large Intestine meridian. Dispels wind and relieves pain, treats Yangming headache, removes heat from the Lung and Liver meridians.
**Asari Radix (Xixin, 细辛)**: Pungent in taste, hot in nature, enters the Heart meridian. Dispels wind, stops tearing, treats headache, benefits Liver and Gallbladder, opens orifices. Use the root, discard the leaves.
**Gardeniae Fructus (Shanzhizi, 山栀子)**: Bitter in taste, enters the Lung meridian. Drains Lung Fire, clears heat from the five Zang organs. Suitable for red and swollen eyes due to heat; must be stir-fried.
**Equiseti Herba (Muzei, 木贼)**: Sweet in taste, enters the Lung meridian. Removes corneal opacity, benefits Liver and Gallbladder, brightens eyes, dispels wind, opens orifices, and stops tearing.
**Atractylodis Rhizoma (Cangzhu, 苍术)**: Pungent in taste, warm in nature, enters the Stomach meridian. Balances Stomach Qi, dispels wind pathogen, removes dampness, stops tearing, and has a dispersing effect. Soak in rice water, changing daily, then stir-fry until dry.
**Dianthi Herba (Qumai, 瞿麦)**: Bitter in taste, enters the Small Intestine meridian. Removes Bladder heat, nourishes Kidney Qi, brightens eyes, and promotes urination.
**Astragali Membranacei Radix (Huangqi, 黄芪)**: Sweet in taste, warm in nature, enters the Spleen meridian. Moves Qi, consolidates the exterior against deficiency, treats blood stagnation. Best prepared by soaking in honey and roasting over fire, then grinding into powder for pills. If not making pills, do not process this way.
**Talcum (Huashi, 滑石)**: Enters the Small Intestine meridian. Descends flaming fire, opens the nine orifices, and promotes urination.
**Plantaginis Semen (Cheqianzi, 车前子)**: Sweet and salty in taste, cold in nature, enters the Small Intestine meridian. Clears and promotes urination, removes wind-heat from the Liver meridian.
**Haliotidis Concha (Shijueming, 石决明)**: Enters the Liver meridian. Removes visual obstructions, brightens eyes, has a sinking and heavy effect. Not used in Liver deficiency. Calcine until extremely red.
**Celosiae Semen (Qingxiangzi, 青葙子)**: Slightly cold in nature, enters the Liver meridian. Drains upward-rushing heat, removes red visual obstructions. Not used in Liver deficiency. Prepared by washing with wine.
**Cassiae Semen (Caojueming, 草决明)**: Enters the Liver meridian. Treats Liver heat, painful eyes with tearing, brightens eyes. Not used in Liver deficiency.
**Tribuli Fructus (Bajili, 白蒺藜)**: Not suitable for decoctions; best for pills. Enters the Liver meridian, brightens eyes, dispels wind, and relieves itching. Stir-fry, pound, and remove spines before use.
**Moutan Cortex (Mudanpi, 牡丹皮)**: Bitter in taste, cold in nature, enters the Kidney meridian. Drains Yin and Yang fires, cools Heart blood, moves stagnant blood, and relieves pain.
**Lycii Cortex (Digupi, 地骨皮)**: Bitter in taste, cold in nature, enters the Kidney meridian. Reduces fever and eliminates steaming bone disorder, drains Lung heat.
**Mori Cortex (Sangbaipi, 桑白皮)**: Sweet in taste, enters the Lung meridian. Clears Lung heat, drains Lung Qi. Not used in Lung cold.
**Ophiopogonis Tuber (Maimendong, 麦门冬)**: Sweet in taste, cold in nature, enters the Lung meridian. Treats Lung heat, removes fire from the Lung viscera, and clears the Heart orifices.
**Flos Buddlejae Officinalis (Mimenghua, 密蒙花)**: Sweet in taste, enters the Liver meridian. Removes red vessels and discharge from the eyes, brightens vision.
**Linderae Radix (Wuyao, 乌药)**: Enters the Liver meridian. Smooths and moves Qi, dispels wind.
**Scutellariae Barbatae Rhizoma (Huhuanglian, 胡黄连)**: Bitter in taste, cold in nature, enters the Liver meridian. Relieves tidal fever and bone-steaming heat, tonifies Liver and Gallbladder, brightens eyes. Treats pediatric malnutrition with poor appetite, cholera-like dysentery. Frequently used in pediatric formulas.
**Viticis Fructus (Manjingzi, 蔓荆子)**: Bitter in taste, cold in nature, enters the Triple Burner. Treats headache and eye pain, brightens eyes, opens depression, and descends fire.
**Lycii Fructus (Gouqizi, 枸杞子)**: Sweet in taste, enters the Kidney meridian. Tonifies Kidney, brightens eyes, removes red membranes obscuring vision. Wash with wine before use.
**Polygoni Multiflori Radix (Heshouwu, 何首乌)**: Bitter in taste, enters the Heart meridian. Disperses wind-cold, treats Yangming headache.
**Cicadae Molt (Chantui, 蝉蜕)**: Enters the Liver meridian. Dispels wind and resolves toxicity, sheds corneal opacity, stops tearing, and disperses cold pathogens.
**Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu, 白术)**: Bitter in taste, warm in nature, enters the Spleen and Stomach meridians. Strengthens Spleen and Stomach, generates fluids, removes damp-heat from eyelids. Not used in asthma/wheezing; also aids Qi.
**Cyperi Rhizoma (Xiangfumie, 香附米)**: Bitter and pungent in taste. Moves Qi, assists Stomach Qi, stops tearing, removes dampness. Stir-fry, remove hairs, and pound clean before use.
**Prunellae Spica (Xiakucao, 夏枯草)**: Possesses pure Yang Qi, withers upon receiving Yin Qi. Stops tearing, dispels wind, following the principle of supplementing Yin with Yang.
**Senecionis Scandentis Herba (Qianliguang, 千里光)**: Enters the Heart meridian. Dispels wind, resolves toxic heat, brightens eyes, moves Qi. Also refers to *Psittacanthus chinensis* (Yemingsha), washed to remove feces. Another herb named Qianliguang uses tender leaves, crushed for juice, boiled into paste for eye application to reduce opacity. The former note may be incorrect.
**Polygalae Radix (Yuanzhi, 远志)**: Bitter in taste, warm in nature, enters the Heart meridian. Calms the Heart, benefits willpower, opens orifices, and stabilizes Hun and Po spirits.
**Rhino Cerios Cornu (Xijiao, 犀角)**: Enters the Heart meridian. Cools blood, resolves Heart heat, clears head and eyes. Crush with iron or grind with water for administration.
**Saiga Tataricae Cornu (Lingyangjiao, 羚羊角)**: Enters the Liver meridian. Clears Lung and Liver fire, clears Heart, brightens eyes. Not used in Liver deficiency.
**Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏)**: Enters the Stomach meridian. Drains Stomach fire and latent heat, has sedative effects. Not used in Stomach deficiency.
**Puerariae Radix (Gange, 干葛)**: Sweet in taste, neutral in nature, enters the Stomach meridian. Releases muscle layer, expels exterior pathogens, reduces fever, raises Stomach Qi.
**Kochiae Caulis (Gaoben, 藁本)**: Pungent in taste, enters the Bladder meridian. Treats vertex headache, guides herbs upward.
**Quisqualis Fructus (Shijunzi, 使君子)**: Sweet in taste, enters the Stomach meridian. Kills parasites, promotes urination.
**Menthae Haplocalycis Herba (Bohe, 薄荷)**: Pungent in taste, cold in nature, enters the Liver meridian. Disperses "thief wind," releases exterior, benefits joints, relieves pain.
**Chrysanthemi Flos (Juhua, 菊花)**: Bitter and sweet, slightly cold in nature, enters the Liver meridian. Brightens eyes, clears head wind, removes corneal opacity, releases exterior.
**Leonuri Fructus (Chongweizi, 茺蔚子)**: Sweet and pungent in taste, enters the Liver meridian (text says Eye meridian, functionally Liver). Clears blood heat, brightens eyes, dispels wind.
**Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草)**: Sweet in taste, raw is cold, cooked is warm, enters the Spleen meridian. Raw clears fire and resolves toxicity; roasted assists Stomach and harmonizes.
**Spermacoce (Sangpiaoxiao, 桑螵蛸)**: Tonifies Kidney, dispels wind, treats five types of strangury, promotes urination, brightens eyes, disperses opacity.
**Sophorae Flavescentis Flos (Huaihua, 槐花)**: Bitter in taste, cold in nature, enters the Heart meridian. Clears Heart redness, drains blood, clears Large Intestine heat.
**Curcumae Radix (Yujin, 郁金)**: Bitter in taste, cold in nature, enters the Heart meridian. Treats blood stagnation in the eyes, cools blood, breaks Qi stagnation below the heart, opens depression.
**Scrophulariae Radix (Heishen/Xuanshen, 黑参)**: Bitter and salty in taste, enters the Kidney meridian. Tonifies Kidney Qi, brightens eyes. Combined with Scutellariae Radix to drain Liver fire and clear Liver heat.
**Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu, 知母)**: Bitter in taste, cold in nature, enters the Kidney meridian. Tonifies Kidney Water, drains Kidney and Triple Burner fire.
**Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng, 桔梗)**: Bitter in taste, warm in nature, enters the Lung meridian. Treats Lung heat, acts as a boat and oar for all herbs, serves as a guiding herb for the Lung meridian.
**Natrii Sulfas (Mangxiao, 芒硝)**: Treats accumulated heat diseases, unblocks constipation.
**Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix (Hanfangji, 汉防己)**: Pungent and bitter, cold in nature, circulates through all meridians, dispels wind-cold with penetrating power.
**Typhae Pollen (Puhuang, 蒲黄)**: Sweet in taste, neutral in nature, enters the Heart meridian. Eliminates blood stasis, breaks blood, reduces swelling. Stir-fry before use.
**Forsythiae Fructus (Lianqiao, 连翘)**: Drains Heart fire, resolves damp-heat in Spleen and Stomach, clears lingering heat in the Heart meridian.
**Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi, 五味子)**: Sour in taste, warm in nature, enters the Kidney and Lung meridians, tonifies Kidney, nourishes Lung, benefits Liver.
**Angelicae Pubescentis Radix (Duohuo, 独活)**: Bitter in taste, warm in nature, travels through all meridians. Disperses external "thief wind," regardless of acute or chronic onset.
**Broussonetiae Fructus (Chushizi, 楮实子)**: Bitter in taste, cold in nature, enters the Lung meridian. Raises Yang and ascends, dispels wind, treats headache.
**Cistanches Herba (Roucongrong, 肉苁蓉)**: Sour and salty, warm in nature, enters the Kidney meridian. Tonifies Kidney, generates essence. Wash with wine. Not used when Ministerial Fire is hyperactive.
**Zanthoxyli Fructus (Chuanjiao, 川椒)**: Pungent and hot. Used upper body to dispel deep cold in the Six Fu organs; used lower body to remove visual obstructions. Stir-fry to remove sweat/oil spots before use.
**Ginseng Radix (Renshen, 人参)**: Sweet in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic, enters the Lung meridian. Tonifies Qi deficiency, calms Hun and Po, generates essence, opens Heart orifices, promotes blood flow. Suitable for Lung cold; contraindicated in Lung heat which damages Lung.
**Poria (Baifuling, 白茯苓)**: Sweet and warm in taste, enters the Lung meridian. Calms Hun and Po, tonifies Heart deficiency, nourishes Spirit, promotes urination.
**Inulae Flos (Xuanjufhua, 旋复花)**: Sweet in taste, enters the Lung meridian. Clears phlegm, brightens eyes, treats head wind.
**Cuscutae Semen (Tusizi, 菟丝子)**: Pungent and sweet, enters the Kidney meridian. Tonifies Kidney, brightens eyes, removes black spots in vision. Wash with wine, steam with steamed bread cake, dry, and make into pills. Do not process if not making pills.
**Alismatis Rhizoma (Zexie, 泽泻)**: Sweet and cold in taste, enters the Bladder meridian. Promotes urination and unblocks strangury, tonifies insufficient Yin, brightens eyes.
**Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata (Heifuzi, 黑附子)**: Pungent and very hot, enters the Triple Burner. Governs Yang, dispels wind, removes cold pathogens. Not used when fire is hyperactive. Refers to large Aconite with coarse skin removed.
**Costi Rhizoma (Muxiang, 木香)**: Bitter and warm in nature, enters the Heart meridian. Mainly treats heart pain, drains cold qi stagnation in abdomen. Do not roast excessively; grind into medicine for consumption.
**Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix (Niuxi, 牛膝)**: Guides all herbs downward. For wild Achyranthes, use leaves in spring/summer, roots in winter. Leaves act faster and benefit essence. Also treats bamboo/wood splinters embedded in flesh; apply externally to extract.
**Dendrobii Caulis (Shihu, 石斛)**: Sweet and warm in nature, enters the Kidney meridian. Removes Stomach heat, nourishes Yin and blood, benefits essence, strengthens sinews and bones.
**Carthami Flos (Honghua, 红花)**: Sweet and bitter in taste, enters the Heart meridian. Breaks blood stasis and moves stagnant blood; in small doses, nourishes blood.
**Asparagi Tuber (Tianmendong, 天门冬)**: Bitter and cold in nature, enters the Lung meridian. Drains Lung fire, stabilizes Lung Qi, promotes urination, cools blood. Remove heart, pound into cakes, dry, and make into pills. If not making pills, grind separately.
**Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (Shichangpu, 石菖蒲)**: Pungent and hot in nature, enters the Kidney meridian. Tonifies Kidney, opens Heart orifices, brightens eyes.
**Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu, 柴胡)**: Bitter and cold in nature, enters the Liver meridian. Resolves alternating heat accumulation in the chest, clears Liver heat. Combined with Scutellariae Radix to drain Liver fire.
**Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 黄芩)**: Bitter and cold in nature, enters the Lung meridian. Dried root drains Liver fire; solid/root part clears Bladder heat.
**Morindae Officinalis Radix (Baji, 巴戟天)**: Tonifies Kidney, benefits essence, treats impotence, guides Qi upward.
**Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi, 陈皮)**: Peel without white pith resolves phlegm and moves Qi; peel with white pith tonifies Stomach and harmonizes middle.
**Descurainiae Semen et Herba (Tingli, 葶苈子)**: Bitter and cold in nature, enters the Lung meridian. Drains Lung wheezing (text says Liver wheezing, likely error for Lung), descends Qi and fluid, stir-fry before use.
**Ligustici Rhizoma (Xiong, 芎劳)**: Enters the brain. Treats headache, removes head wind in blood deficiency, nourishes blood.
**Gastrodiae Rhizoma (Baifuzi/Toujiangjian, 白附子)**: Also known as Two-headed Sharp. Dispels wind-phlegm, stops headache. Remove coarse skin before use.
**Gastrodiae Rhizoma (Tianma, 天麻)**: Primarily treats head wind and wind disorders, benefits limbs affected by damp bi syndrome.
**Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhiqiao, 枳壳)**: Widens intestines, descends Qi, dispels wind, transforms phlegm, treats pain caused by wind pathogen.
**Trichosanthis Radix (Gualougen, 栝蒌根)**: Also known as Tianguafen. Enters Lung meridian, removes phlegm-fire, resolves toxic heat, clears alcohol toxicity. Not used in Lung cold; avoid excessive use in cold phlegm. Can be used with hot herbs if indicated.
**Polygoni Avicularis Herba (Bianxu, 蓄)**: Benefits heat closure in the Small Intestine meridian.
**Foeniculi Fructus (Xiaohuixiang, 小茴香)**: Pungent and neutral in aroma, opens stomach, moves Qi, stops vomiting, treats cold qi pain/swelling in Bladder. Stir-fry before use.
**Arisaematis Rhizoma (Nanxing, 南星)**: Dispels wind-phlegm, reduces swelling toxins. Boil with ginger juice.
**Aconiti Radix (Caowu, 草乌)**: Travels to sinews and bones, breaks blood, dispels wind, relieves pain. Boil with ginger juice.
**Aconiti Radix (Chuanwu, 川乌)**: Removes wind-cold causing pain, assists Yang.
**Schizonepetae Spica (Jingjie, 荆芥)**: Expels surface wind pathogen.
**Realgar (Xionghuang, 雄黄)**: Resolves toxic heat, disperses blood, relieves pain.
**Olibanum (Ruxiang, 乳香)**: Regulates Qi and blood, benefits pain in all meridians. Prepare by sandwiching between three thick bamboo leaves, heating with an iron to remove oil, then grinding into powder.
**Myrrha (Moyao, 没药)**: Breaks blood, relieves pain, removes corneal opacity. Same preparation method as above.
**Draconis Sanguis (Xuexie, 血竭)**: Breaks accumulated blood, relieves pain, removes red skin lesions.
**Akebiae Caulis (Mutong, 木通)**: Benefits heat knot in Small Intestine meridian, descends Heart fire.
**Arctii Fructus (Niubangzi, 牛蒡子)**: Dispels wind, brightens eyes, moves blood.
**Concha Meretricis et Cyclinae (Ge Fen, 蛤粉)**: Resolves phlegm-fire, cools blood, resolves extreme heat on muscle surface.
**Colubridis Cutis Serpentis (Shetui, 蛇蜕)**: Snake skin. Dispels wind toxin, stops tearing, itching, and pain.
**Scorpio (Quanxie, 全蝎)**: Eliminates wind toxin, breaks wind-phlegm. Tail is better. Remove four feet.
**Agastaches Herba (Huoxiang, 藿香)**: Opens Stomach Qi, resolves condensed phlegm.
**Bombyx Batryticatus (Can Tui/Wancang Sha, 蚕蜕)**: Dispels wind, resolves phlegm, brightens eyes, removes corneal opacity. Also known as evening silkworm feces.
**Borneolum Syntheticum (Longnao, 龙脑)**: Text states it is Mint (error; Borneol is distinct). Hot in nature, regulates cold and heat, dispels wind, reduces red eyes.
**Nardostachys Radix et Rhizoma (Gansong, 甘松)**: Sweet and warm in nature, dispels wind, descends Qi, treats heart and abdominal pain, wards off evil wind.
**Cinnabaris (Zhusha, 朱砂)**: Sedates Heart, calms Hun and Po, cools blood.
**Cinnamomi Cortex (Rougui, 肉桂)**: Guides to Taiyang meridian, stops headache, removes cold pathogen, benefits Liver and Gallbladder Qi.
**Ampelopsis Radix (Bailian, 白蔹)**: Scatters constrained Qi, removes red heat in eyes.
**Veratrum Nigrum Rhizoma (Lilu, 藜芦)**: Induces vomiting of wind-phlegm, opens chest. Remove rhizome base. Root is highly toxic; use with caution.
**Bletillae Rhizoma (Baiji, 白芨)**: Disperses thief wind, resolves wind-heat closure from stroke.
**Gleditsiae Sinensis Fructus (Zhuya Zaojiao, 猪牙皂角)**: Dispels wind-phlegm, releases exterior, moves Qi. Roast, remove skin and strings.
**Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Xiangbaizhi, 香白芷)**: Removes wind-heat sores and itching on skin.
**Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren, 杏仁)**: Moistens Lung Qi, removes phlegm, moves blood.
**Perillae Folium (Zisu, 紫苏)**: Resolves phlegm, releases exterior, moves Qi.
**Stercus Cygni (Yemingsha, 夜明砂)**: Brightens eyes, dispels wind.
**Corni Fructus (Shanzhuyu, 山茱萸)**: Enters Kidney meridian. Relieves dizziness, tonifies deficiency, generates essence. Remove pits.
**Gastrodiae Rhizoma (Tianmazǐ - likely referring to Tianma processed or seed variant, text implies processing)**: Dispels wind, tonifies Kidney, brightens eyes. Crush and grind for decoction.
**Ursi Bile (Xiongdan, 熊胆)**: Reduces fever, descends fire, removes red heat in eyes. Test authenticity: add ash to water, place bile in water; true bile separates ash and water clearly, color is moist black.
**Dioscoreae Rhizoma (Shanyao, 山药)**: Tonifies Kidney insufficiency, generates essence.
**Calculus Bovis (Niuhuang, 牛黄)**: Removes heat-phlegm, calms Hun and Po, cools blood, clears Heart.
**Petreius (Shiyan, 石燕)**: Promotes blood circulation, benefits urination, treats strangury.
**Badamidis Semen (Ruiren, 蕤仁)**: Removes red wind pain/itching in eyes, removes opacity. Preparation: remove shell, use kernel, place in bamboo tube, bake over red fire until paper dries, remove oil for use.
**Pearl (Zhenzhu, 珍珠)**: Clears Heart, brightens eyes, removes corneal opacity. Preparation: place pearl in tofu, steam, remove, wrap in clean white cotton cloth multiple layers, pound on stone until fine powder.
**Natron (Xuanjingshi, 玄精石)**: Stabilizes Hun and Po with Qi properties.
**Shark Skin (Shayu Pi, 沙鱼皮)**: Resolves wind toxin, stops tearing.
**Clematidis Radix (Weilingxian, 威灵仙)**: Dispels wind pathogen.
**Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (Qingpi, 青皮)**: Descends Qi, opens chest, resolves turbid phlegm. Can descend what has risen. Not used in deficiency.
**Halitum (Qingyan, 青盐)**: Tonifies Kidney, guides to lower body. Made by boiling flower copper pot water into salt.
**Toosendan Fructus (Chuanlianzi, 川楝子)**: Brightens eyes, reduces fever, tonifies Kidney. Remove pits.
**Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum (Chenxiang, 沉香)**: Tonifies Right Chi Mingmen, strengthens Original Yang, disperses stagnant blood.