五淋者，石淋、气淋、膏淋、劳淋、热淋也。石淋之为病，小便茎中痛，尿不得卒出，
时自出，痛引少腹，膀胱里急。气淋之为病，小便难，常有余沥。膏淋之为病，尿似膏白出，
少腹膀胱里急。劳淋之为病，倦即发，痛引气冲，小便不利。热淋之为病，热即发，其尿血
后如豆汁状，蓄作有时。五淋各异，治方用杂，故不载也。（《外台》卷二十七）
治淋方。
以比轮钱三百文，以水一斗，煮取三升，饮之神效。（《外台》卷二十七）
又方
取牛耳中毛烧灰，服半钱匕，立愈。（《外台》卷二十七）
又方
取牛尾烧灰，水服半钱匕，瘥。（《证类本草》卷十七）
又方
烧头发灰服之良。（《外台》卷二十七）
治五淋方。
苦杖不计多少，为末，每服二钱，用饭饮下，不拘时候。（《证类本草》卷十三）
治石淋方
鲤鱼齿一升 贝齿一升，捣筛，以三岁苦酒和，分为三服，宿不食，旦服一分，日中服
一分，暮服一分。（《外台》卷二十七）
肾主腰脚，肾经虚损，风冷乘之。故腰痛也。又邪客于足少阴之络，令人腰痛引少腹，
不可以仰息。诊其尺脉沉，主腰背痛。寸口脉弱，腰背痛。尺寸俱浮直下，此为督脉腰疆痛。
凡腰痛有五，一曰少阴，少阴肾也，十月万物阳气皆衰，是以腰痛。二曰风痹，风寒着腰，
是以腰痛。三曰肾虚，役用伤肾，是以腰痛。四曰 腰，坠堕伤损腰，是以腰痛。五曰寝卧
湿地，是以腰痛。
其汤熨针石，别有正方，补养宣导，今附于后。《养生方》云∶饮食了勿即卧，久作气
病，令人腰疼痛。又曰∶大便勿疆努，令人腰疼日涩。又云∶笑过多，即肾转动，令人腰痛。
又云∶人汗出次，勿企床悬脚，久成血痹，两足重，腰痛。《导引法》云∶凡学将息人，先
须正坐，并膝头足，初坐先足趾相对，足跟外扒，坐上少欲安稳，须两足跟向内相对，坐上
足趾外扒觉闷痛，渐渐举身似款便坐足上，待共内坐相似不痛，始双竖足跟向上，坐上足趾
并反向外，每坐常学，去膀胱内冷风，膝冷足疼，上气腰疼，尽自消适。（《外台》卷十七）
治风湿客于腰，令人腰痛，独活汤方。
独活（三两） 生姜（六两） 干地黄（五两） 芍药（四两） 防风（三两） 桂心
（三两） 栝蒌（三两） 甘草（二两炙） 麻黄（二两去节） 干葛（三两）
上十味，切，以水八升，酒二升，煎取三升，分三服，不瘥重作。忌海藻、生葱、菘菜、
芜荑。（《外台》卷十七）
治腰痛熨法。
菊花（二升） 芫花（二升） 羊踯躅（二升）
上三味，以醋拌令湿润，分为两剂，内二布囊中蒸之，如炊一斗米许顷，适寒温，隔衣
熨之，冷即易熨，痛处定即瘥。（《外台》卷十七）
治腰卒然痛，杜仲酒方。
杜仲（半斤） 丹参（半斤） 芎 （五两） 桂心（四两） 细辛（二两）
上五味，切，以酒一斗，浸五宿，随多少饮之，延年。忌生葱、生菜。（《外台》卷十七）
秦艽散，治风冷虚劳，腰脚疼痛诸病，悉主之方。
秦艽（四分） 白术（十四分） 桔梗（四分） 干姜（五分） 附子（三分炮） 牡
蛎（熬） 防风（六分） 人参（四分） 茯苓（四分） 椒子（二分汗） 黄芩（三分） 桂
心（五分） 细辛（三分） 甘
上十五味，捣筛为散，以酒服方寸匕，日再服，一方加钟乳粉一两，亦好。忌桃李、雀
肉、生葱、猪肉、冷水。（《外台》卷十七）
肾着之为病，其人身体重，腰中冷，所以如水洗状，又不渴，小便自利，食饮如故，是
其证也，作劳汗出，衣里冷湿，久之故得也。腰以下冷痛，腹重如带五千钱，肾着汤主之。
甘草（一两） 干姜（二两） 茯苓（四两）
上三味，以水五升，煮取三升，分三服，腰中即温。（《医心方》卷六）
治腰痛不可忍方。
橘子仁炒研为末，每服一钱，酒一盏，煎至七分，和滓空心服。（《证类本草》卷二十三）
治肾脏风壅积，腰膝沉重方。
威灵仙末，蜜和丸桐子大，初服温酒下八十丸，平明微利恶物，如青浓胶，即是风毒积
滞也。如未利，夜再服一百丸，取下后吃粥药补之，一月仍常服温补药。（《证类本草》卷
十一）
治老人风湿久痹，筋挛骨痛，服此壮肾，润皮，益气力方。
牛蒡子一升切，生地黄一升切，大豆二升炒，以绢袋盛，浸一斗酒中五、六日，任性空
心服二、三盏，日二服。（《本草纲目》卷十五）
The five types of Lin syndrome (stranguria) are Stone Lin (lithiasis), Qi Lin (gas stranguria), Gao Lin (pus-like stranguria), Lao Lin (fatigue stranguria), and Re Lin (heat stranguria). Stone Lin is characterized by pain in the urethra, inability to urinate suddenly, occasional spontaneous leakage, pain radiating to the lower abdomen, and a sense of urgency and tension within the Bladder. Qi Lin is characterized by difficulty in urination and frequent post-void dribbling. Gao Lin is characterized by urine resembling white paste or fat, accompanied by urgency and tension in the lower abdomen and Bladder. Lao Lin occurs upon fatigue, with pain radiating to the Qichong point (ST30), and difficult urination. Re Lin occurs upon fever, with hematuria followed by urine resembling bean dregs, with episodes occurring at specific times. The symptoms of the five Lins differ, and their treatments vary; therefore, specific formulas are not listed here. (From *Waitai Miyao*, Vol. 27)
Formula for treating Lin syndrome.
Take three hundred Wen coins of Bilun (a type of ancient coin), add one Dou (approx. 10 liters) of water, boil until reduced to three Sheng (approx. 600 ml), and drink. It is extremely effective. (From *Waitai Miyao*, Vol. 27)
Another formula.
Take the hair from a cow's ear, burn it to ash, and take half a Qianbi (a small measuring spoon) dose orally. Recovery is immediate. (From *Waitai Miyao*, Vol. 27)
Another formula.
Take a cow's tail, burn it to ash, and take half a Qianbi dose with water. The disease will heal. (From *Zhenglei Bencao*, Vol. 17)
Another formula.
Burn human hair to ash and take it orally; this is beneficial. (From *Waitai Miyao*, Vol. 27)
Formula for treating the five Lins.
Kuzhang (likely referring to Huangbai/Cortex Phellodendri or similar herb) in any amount, grind into powder. Take two Qian per dose, swallowed with rice water, without restriction on time. (From *Zhenglei Bencao*, Vol. 13)
Formula for treating Stone Lin.
One Sheng (approx. 1 liter) of Carp teeth, one Sheng of Conch teeth. Pound and sieve them. Mix with three-year-old vinegar. Divide into three doses. Fast overnight. Take one portion in the morning, one portion at noon, and one portion in the evening. (From *Waitai Miyao*, Vol. 27)
The Kidney governs the waist and legs. When the Kidney Meridian is deficient, Wind-Cold pathogens invade. Thus, backache occurs. Additionally, when pathogenic factors lodge in the collaterals of the Foot-Shaoyin (Kidney) meridian, it causes backache radiating to the lower abdomen, making it impossible to lie flat and breathe deeply. Palpation of the Chi pulse being deep indicates backache. A weak Cun-Kou pulse indicates backache. If both Cun and Chi pulses are floating and straight downward, this indicates stiffness and pain in the lumbar region due to the Du Mai (Governing Vessel). Generally, there are five types of backache: First is Shaoyin backache; Shaoyin refers to the Kidney. In the tenth lunar month, the Yang Qi of all things declines, leading to backache. Second is Feng-Bi (Wind-Bi) backache; Wind-Cold lodges in the waist, causing backache. Third is Kidney deficiency backache; overexertion injures the Kidney, causing backache. Fourth is Traumatic backache; falling or striking injures the waist, causing backache. Fifth is backache from sleeping on damp ground; prolonged exposure leads to backache.
For decoctions, hot compresses, acupuncture, and stone therapy, there are separate specific formulas. For nourishing and guiding exercises, they are attached below. *Yangsheng Fang* states: Do not lie down immediately after eating; doing so long-term causes Qi disorders, leading to backache. It also states: Do not strain excessively during defecation; this causes daily worsening of backache. It also states: Excessive laughter causes the Kidney to move, leading to backache. It also states: After sweating, do not lean against the bed with feet hanging; long-term practice causes Blood Bi, heavy legs, and backache. *Daoyin Fa* states: Anyone learning self-cultivation must first sit upright, knees together, feet parallel. Initially, place toes together and heels apart. Sit comfortably, then bring heels together and toes apart. If feeling stuffy or painful, gradually lift the body as if sitting gently on the feet. Wait until sitting inwardly feels painless, then raise heels vertically upward. Sit with toes together and turned outward. Practice this regularly to dispel cold Wind from the Bladder, relieve cold knees and painful feet, upper Qi rebellion, and backache, allowing them to dissipate naturally. (From *Waitai Miyao*, Vol. 17)
Duhuo Tang Formula for treating backache caused by Wind-Dampness lodging in the waist.
Duhuo (Radix Angelicae Pubescentis) (3 Liang), Shengjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens) (6 Liang), Gan Dihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata) (5 Liang), Shaoyao (Radix Paeoniae Alba) (4 Liang), Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae) (3 Liang), Guixin (Cortex Cinnamomi) (3 Liang), Gualou (Fructus Trichosanthis) (3 Liang), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata, honey-fried) (2 Liang), Mahuang (Herba Ephedrae, nodes removed) (2 Liang), Gan Ge (Radix Puerariae Lobatae) (3 Liang).
Cut the above ten herbs. Add 8 Sheng of water and 2 Sheng of wine. Decoct to obtain 3 Sheng. Divide into three doses. If not cured, prepare again. Avoid consuming Seaweed (HaiZao), raw Scallion (Cong), Songcai (Chinese Cabbage), and Wuyi (Xanthoceras sorbifolium fruit). (From *Waitai Miyao*, Vol. 17)
Hot Compress Method for treating backache.
Juhua (Flos Chrysanthemi) (2 Sheng), Yuanhua (Flos Genkwa) (2 Sheng), Yangzhizhu (Fructus Daphnes Genkwa) (2 Sheng).
Mix the above three herbs with vinegar until moist. Divide into two portions. Place each in a cloth bag and steam for the time it takes to cook one Dou of rice. Apply to the affected area through clothing while warm. Replace when cool. The pain will cease once localized. (From *Waitai Miyao*, Vol. 17)
Duzhong Wine Formula for treating sudden severe backache.
Duzhong (Cortex Eucommiae) (0.5 Jin), Danshen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) (0.5 Jin), Xiong (Radix Ligustici Chuanxiong) (5 Liang), Guixin (Cortex Cinnamomi) (4 Liang), Xixin (Herba Asari) (2 Liang).
Cut the above five herbs. Soak in 1 Dou of wine for five nights. Drink as needed. It promotes longevity. Avoid raw Scallion and raw vegetables. (From *Waitai Miyao*, Vol. 17)
Qinjiao San Powder for treating Wind-Cold deficiency-fatigue, back and leg pain, and other diseases.
Qinjiao (Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae) (4 Fen), Baizhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) (14 Fen), Jiegeng (Radix Platycodonis) (4 Fen), Ganjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Secatum) (5 Fen), Fuzi (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata, processed) (3 Fen), Muli (Concha Ostreae, roasted), Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae) (6 Fen), Renshen (Radix Ginseng) (4 Fen), Fuling (Sclerotium Poriae cocos) (4 Fen), Jiaozhi (Fructus Zanthoxyli, processed) (2 Fen), Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae) (3 Fen), Guixin (Cortex Cinnamomi) (5 Fen), Xixin (Herba Asari) (3 Fen), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae).
Pound and sieve the above fifteen herbs into a powder. Take one Fangcunbi (square-inch spoonful) with wine, twice daily. Another version adds Zhongru Fen (Concretion Silicatum) 1 Liang, which is also good. Avoid peaches, plums, sparrow meat, raw scallion, pork, and cold water. (From *Waitai Miyao*, Vol. 17)
Shenzhuo disease is characterized by heaviness of the body, coldness in the waist, a sensation like being washed with water, no thirst, normal urination, and normal appetite. This is its clinical presentation. It arises from working while sweating, with clothes becoming cold and damp inside, persisting over time. Cold pain below the waist and heaviness in the abdomen like carrying 5,000 coins are treated with Shenzhuo Tang.
Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) (1 Liang), Ganjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Secatum) (2 Liang), Fuling (Sclerotium Poriae cocos) (4 Liang).
Decoct the above three herbs in 5 Sheng of water to obtain 3 Sheng. Divide into three doses. The waist will become warm. (From *Yixin Fang*, Vol. 6)
Formula for unbearable backache.
Stir-fry Tangerine Seed (Ju Zi Ren), grind into powder. Take 1 Qian per dose. Boil in 1 cup of wine until reduced to 70%. Take with the dregs on an empty stomach. (From *Zhenglei Bencao*, Vol. 23)
Formula for treating Kidney Wind accumulation and heaviness of waist and knees.
Grind Weilingxian (Caulis Clematidis) into powder. Mix with honey to make pills the size of a tung tree seed. Initially, take 80 pills with warm wine. At dawn, slight purging of foul matter resembling green thick glue will occur, indicating expulsion of Wind-Toxin accumulation. If no purging occurs, take 100 pills again at night. After purging, consume congee to tonify. Continue taking warming and tonifying medicines for one month. (From *Zhenglei Bencao*, Vol. 11)
Formula for elderly patients with chronic Wind-Damp Bi, muscle spasms, and bone pain, which strengthens the Kidney, moistens the skin, and boosts Qi.
Cut Niu Bang Zi (Fructus Arctii) 1 Sheng, cut Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Recens) 1 Sheng, stir-fry Da Dou (Sojae Semen Album) 2 Sheng. Place in a silk bag. Soak in 1 Dou of wine for 5-6 days. Drink 2-3 cups on an empty stomach as desired, twice daily. (From *Bencao Gangmu*, Vol. 15)