黄帝曰∶夫 疟皆生于风，夏伤于暑，秋为 疟。问曰∶疟先寒而后热何也？对曰∶夫
寒者，阴气也。风者，阳气也。先伤于寒，而后伤于风，故先寒而后热也。问曰∶先热而后
寒者何？对曰∶先伤于风，而后伤于寒，故先热而后寒也，名曰温疟。其但热而不寒者，阴
气先绝，阳气独发，名曰瘅疟。（《医心方》卷十四）
治诸疟方。
牛膝茎叶一把，切，以酒三升，渍一宿，分三服，令微有酒气，不即断，更作，不过三
服
麻黄汤，治疟须发汗方。
麻黄（四两去节） 大黄（四两） 栝蒌（四两） 甘草（一两炙）
上四味，切，以水七升，煮取二升半，分三服，未发前食顷服，临发更服，服后皆覆取
汗
治疟或间日发，或夜发者方。
秫米（百粒） 石膏（八两碎） 恒山（三两） 竹叶（三两）
凡四物，切，以水六升，渍药，覆一宿，明旦煮取二升，分三服，取未发前一食顷第一
服，取临欲发第二服，当一日勿洗手足及漱口，勿进食饮。取过时不发乃洗澡进食也。并用
余药汁涂五心及胸前头面，药滓置头边。此方从来旧用神验。（《医心方》卷十四）
夫疟必从四肢始，治方。
先其时一食顷，用细左索绳紧束其手足十指，过发时乃解之。（《外台》卷五）
又方
取大蜘蛛一枚，内芦管中，密塞管口，绳系以绾颈，过发时乃解去。（《医心方》卷十四）
又方
桃叶二七枚，安心上，艾灸叶上十四壮。（《医心方》卷十四）
又方
先作羊肉 饼，饱食之，其进少酒随所能，令其欣欣有酒气，入一密室，里燃炭火，
浓覆，
治一切疟，劳疟，无问年月深远，阿魏散及丸方。
阿魏 安息香 萝卜子（各二两） 芜荑（一合）
上四味，捣筛为散，以暖水服半钱，如不能散服，蜜丸熟水下三十丸，须臾吐，忌冷水。
如
治温疟、劳疟、乌梅饮子方。
乌梅（七颗） 桃、柳心（各七茎） 葱白（七茎） 豆豉（一合） 甘草（四分） 柴
胡（四分） 知母（四分） 大黄（三分）
上八味，各细锉，以童子小便两茶碗宿浸，明旦早煎三两沸，去滓，顿服瘥，未瘥更作，
服
治温疟、痰疟，久不瘥，黄连散方。
宣州黄连（二两）
上一味，捣筛未，以浓酒一盏，调三钱，空心顿服，相次更服三钱，更饮三、两盏酒，
任意醉，却睡，候过时方得食，如渴枳实煎汤，并三日服瘥。忌猪肉、冷水。（《外台》卷五）
治劳疟，积时不断，众治无效，此方治之。
生长大牛膝一大虎口，切，以水六升，煮取二升，分再服，第一服取未发前一食顷，第
二服取临发。（《医心方》卷十四）
蜀漆丸，主岭南瘴气发，乍热乍寒，积劳似疟，皆主之。
蜀漆 知母 升麻 白薇 地骨皮 麦门冬（各五分） 乌梅肉 鳖甲（炙） 葳蕤（各
四分）
上十三味，捣筛为末，蜜和丸如梧子大，饮下十丸，日再服，加至二十丸。此方用无不
瘥。加光明砂一两，神良。忌海藻、菘菜、人苋、生葱、生菜。（《外台》卷五）
Huangdi said: All malaria arises from wind pathogens. Summer heat injury occurs in summer, and malaria manifests in autumn. Question: Why does malaria present with chills first followed by fever? Answer: Chills belong to Yin Qi (Yin energy). Wind belongs to Yang Qi (Yang energy). If injured by cold first and then by wind, there are chills first followed by fever. Question: What about cases where fever comes first followed by chills? Answer: This is due to injury by wind first and then by cold, resulting in fever first and chills later; this is named Wen Malaria (Warm Malaria). Cases with only fever and no chills occur because Yin Qi is exhausted first, and Yang Qi acts alone; this is named Dan Malaria (Feverish Malaria). (From *Yixin Fang*, Vol. 14)
Prescriptions for treating various types of malaria.
Take one handful of stems and leaves of Achyranthes bidentata (Niuxi), chop them, soak in three sheng of wine overnight, divide into three doses. Take until a slight alcoholic sensation is felt. If the disease is not cured, prepare again; do not exceed three doses.
Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction), a prescription for malaria requiring sweating.
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) (four liang, remove joints)
Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang, 大黄) (four liang)
Trichosanthis Fructus (Gualou, 栝蒌) (four liang)
Glycyrrhizae Radix (Gancao, 甘草) (one liang, honey-fried)
Chop the above four ingredients. Boil in seven sheng of water to obtain two and a half sheng. Divide into three doses. Take approximately one meal's time before the onset of malaria, and take another dose just before onset. After taking, cover with blankets to induce sweating.
Prescription for malaria occurring every other day or at night.
Sorghum vulgare grain (Shumi, 秫米) (100 grains)
Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) (eight liang, crushed)
Radix Datiscae Castanae (Hengshan, 恒山) (three liang)
Phyllostachys heterocycla var. pubescens leaf (Zhuye, 竹叶) (three liang)
Chop the above four ingredients. Soak in six sheng of water overnight covered. Boil on the next morning to obtain two sheng. Divide into three doses. Take the first dose one meal's time before onset, and the second dose when onset is imminent. On that day, do not wash hands/feet, rinse mouth, eat, or drink. Only bathe and eat after the episode has passed and does not recur. Apply the remaining medicinal juice to the five centers (palms and soles), chest, head, and face. Place the medicinal dregs by the pillow. This prescription has always been miraculous. (From *Yixin Fang*, Vol. 14)
Malaria must start from the limbs. Treatment prescription.
Approximately one meal's time before onset, tightly bind the ten fingers of hands and feet with a thin left-twisted rope. Release it after the episode passes. (From *Waitai Miyao*, Vol. 5)
Another prescription
Take one large spider, place it inside a reed tube, seal the tube mouth tightly, tie it around the neck with a string. Remove it after the episode passes. (From *Yixin Fang*, Vol. 14)
Another prescription
Place fourteen peach leaves on the heart area. Moxibustion: apply fourteen moxa cones on the leaves. (From *Yixin Fang*, Vol. 14)
Another prescription
First make mutton cakes. Eat until full. Drink a small amount of wine as tolerated, aiming for a pleasant alcoholic sensation. Enter a sealed room with charcoal fire burning inside. Cover densely.
Arwei San (Asafoetida Powder) and Pills for treating all types of malaria and Lao Malaria (chronic debility malaria), regardless of duration.
Ferula assa-foetida (Awei, 阿魏)
Liquidambar formosana resin (Anxi Xiang, 安息香)
Brassica rapa seed (Luobozi, 萝卜子) (two liang each)
Macrostemonis Semen (Wuyi, 芜荑) (one he)
Pulverize and sieve the above four ingredients into powder. Take half qian with warm water. If powder cannot be taken, mix with honey to make pills the size of mulberry seeds. Take thirty pills with cooked water. Vomiting may occur shortly after; avoid cold water.
Wumei Yinzi (Olive Fruit Drink) for treating Wen Malaria and Lao Malaria.
Mume Fructus (Wumei, 乌梅) (seven fruits)
Peach kernel center, Willow stem center (seven stalks each)
Scallion white (Congbai, 葱白) (seven stalks)
Sojae Seminem Praeparatum (Douchi, 豆豉) (one he)
Glycyrrhizae Radix (Gancao, 甘草) (four fen)
Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu, 柴hu) (four fen)
Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu, 知母) (four fen)
Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang, 大黄) (three fen)
Finely chop the above eight ingredients. Soak overnight in two tea bowls of urine from an uncircumcised boy. Next morning, boil for three boils. Strain and take in one dose. Cure achieved. If not cured, prepare again.
Huanglian San (Coptis Powder) for treating Wen Malaria and Tan Malaria (Phlegm Malaria) that persists for a long time without cure.
Xuanzhou Coptidis Rhizoma (Xuanzhou Huanglian, 宣州黄连) (two liang)
Pulverize and sieve the single ingredient into powder. Mix three qian with a cup of strong wine. Take on an empty stomach in one dose. Follow with another three qian. Then drink three to two cups of wine until drunk. Sleep afterwards. Only eat after the episode passes. If thirsty, drink decoction of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhishi, 枳实). Take for three days to cure. Avoid pork and cold water. (From *Waitai Miyao*, Vol. 5)
Treatment for Lao Malaria that persists over time and resists all other treatments.
Fresh Achyranthes bidentata root (large enough to span a tiger's palm), chopped. Boil in six sheng of water to obtain two sheng. Divide into two doses. First dose: one meal's time before onset. Second dose: just before onset. (From *Yixin Fang*, Vol. 14)
Shuqi Wan (Polygala Pill) for treating miasma-induced diseases in Lingnan, characterized by alternating hot and cold, and chronic debility resembling malaria.
Polygalae Radix (Shuqi, 蜀漆)
Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu, 知母)
Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Shengma, 升麻)
Cortex Dictamni (Baiwei, 白薇)
Cortex Lycii (Digupi, 地骨皮)
Ophiopogonis Tuber (Mendong, 麦门冬) (five fen each)
Prunus mume flesh (Wumei Rou, 乌梅肉)
Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum (Biejia, 鳖甲) (fried)
Polygonati Rhioma (Weirui, 葳蕤) (four fen each)
Pulverize and sieve the above thirteen ingredients. Mix with honey to make pills the size of mulberry seeds. Take ten pills with water, twice daily. Increase to twenty pills. This prescription is invariably effective. Adding one liang of Guangming Sha (Red Mercury Sulfide) enhances efficacy. Avoid Algae (Haizao, 海藻), Brassica chinensis (Songcai, 菘菜), Amaranthus (Renxian, 人苋), raw scallion, and raw vegetables. (From *Waitai Miyao*, Vol. 5)