鼻出血者毒重。口出血者毒尤重。二便出血者毒更重。且危。初起时手足心如火热者重。初
起脚冷如冰者重。气喘鼻干。且又鼻掀。而作呕吐惊搐。狂燥无汗者。最重。头面不出者重。红紫
黯燥者重。咽喉痛不食者重。胃风收早者重。移热大肠变痢者重。夹斑、夹瘾、夹丹者重。舌出血
者重。
黑黯干枯。一出即收者不治。气喘。心前吸者不治。身上一遍红与肌肤平者。必当发表。如发
表后仍复如故。不治。鼻扇口张。两目无神者。不治。鼻青粪黑者不治。当面牙齿黑者不治。走马
牙疳者不治。舌长过寸者不治。胃烂者不治。麻后泄泻不止者不治。
已收浑身热不凉。昏沉恍惚语无章。饮食不进舌胎白。失智循衣与摸床。元气精神混懒散。
一魂尚尔未飘扬。逢斯强药求全毁。任是高明莫主张。
【防风】入小肠、大肠、胆、心胞络、膀胱。治风去湿之仙药。乃卒伍卑贱之职。随所引而至。
其性上行。故治上盛风邪。泻肺实喘满。周身痹痛。四肢挛急。目盲无光。风眼冷泪。一身尽痛。脊
痛项强。不能回顾。腰似折。项似拔。疮在胸膈以上。俱宜用。为其散结去上风热也。（肺虚。有汗
喘乏。气升作呕。火升发嗽。阴虚盗汗。阳虚自汗。泻后脾虚发搐。产后血虚发痉。忌用。）
【荆芥】入肝、肺气分。祛经络中之风热。能清头目。去瘀血。破积气。消疮毒。（表虚自
汗。阴虚面赤者。忌用。）
【薄荷】入肝、肺消风散热。治咳逆失音。头痛头风。眼目口齿诸病。利咽喉。去舌胎。除小
儿惊热、瘰 疮疥之要药。又能开郁散气。
【苏叶】入气血两分。解表利咽。开胃通肠。下气除寒。升中有降。（久服泄人真气。脾胃
虚寒人过服、多致滑泄。）
【前胡】入肺、脾、胃、大肠、胆、三焦。其功长于下气。气下则火降。痰亦降矣。故能治
痰热喘嗽痞膈诸疾。为痰气之要药。其性治气实风痰。（凡阴虚火动之痰。及不因外感而有痰者。
禁用。）
【葛根】入大肠、胃。能鼓胃中清阳之气。主消渴。身热、呕吐。使胃气敷布。能启阳气。解诸
毒。使胃气升发。邪毒自散而不留。乃大肠胃经之专药。治头额痛。眉棱骨痛。天行热呕逆。发散
解肌。开胃止渴。宣发痘疹。“葛花”能解酒毒。
【葱白】入肺、胃。专主发散。以通上下阳气。能出汗。
【胡荽】通身痹、达四肢。能避一切不正之气。痘疹不出者。捣 衣被发之。春夏阳气发升
之时。用之反助热毒。恐变黑色。不可不慎。
【连翘】大肠、心胞络气分药。泻心经客热。破血结。散气聚。消肿毒。利小便。泻心火。故诸
痛疮痒皆治。又能清胆经郁热。
【牛蒡子】（又名大力子。又名恶实。）肺经药、治风湿瘾疹咽喉风热。散诸肿湿疡之毒。
为痘疹之仙药。又能去皮肤风热斑毒。
【犀角】入胃。凉血、散血、清血。解痘毒斑疹毒。治惊狂。解蛊毒。又治吐血、衄血、使血、尿
血、痘麻血热毒甚者。尤为必需。
【绿豆】解丹毒烦热。治风疹及药石发动。并解热气。治奔 。
【山豆根】治咽喉诸疾及喉痹。解痘疹热毒。止痛。消疮肿毒。治发热咳嗽。善治人马急黄。
杀小虫。腹胀喘满。卒患热厥心痛俱宜。（脾胃虚寒作泻者。忌用。）
【人中黄】解天行狂热。温毒发斑。一切诸毒恶疮。
【人中白】治口疮舌诸疮、最效。为降火之妙味。
【蚯蚓】（又名地龙。白颈者良。解热毒。入盐化为水。通经络。炙干用。）专杀蛇蛊、三虫、
伏尸诸毒。解湿热。利小便。通经络。治痘疮。脾胃虚热。娇红五六日。渐变干黑伏陷者。又治温病
大热狂妄。天行大热。小便暴闭不通。
【西河柳】入胃、大肠。其功专发麻疹。兼解酒毒。去风。以之煎水。洗风疹身痒、最效。
【雄黄】入胃。破阴邪。杀百虫。避百邪。治寒热鼠 、恶疮疽痔死肌。
【蝉蜕】治皮肤疮疡风热。破伤风。痘疹发痒。痘后目翳。小儿夜啼惊痫。
【川黄连】入心肝、泻实火。治目痛 伤泪出。明目。治腹痛下痢。止消渴。镇惊浓肠。治口疮
【枯黄芩】入肺。泻肺火。清肌表之热。〔条芩〕泻肝胆大肠火。除胃中热。〔子芩〕治血热妄行。
【黄柏】入肾经血分。治肺、脾、大肠、胃、心、胞络、肝经、湿热之专药。又治肾水膀胱不足。
诸痿厥无力。
【栀仁】除心肺客热。兼治五内邪热。胃中热气。炒黑用。专泻三焦之火。及痞块中火。最清
胃脘之血。屈曲下行。能降火从小便泄去。
【石膏】入肺、胃。治热病、喝病。口干舌焦。大渴引饮。自汗头痛。溺涩便闭。齿浮面肿。腹
中坚痛诸热证。
【大青】即蓼兰。入肝。性禀至阴。其味苦寒。专于清解湿热诸邪。阳毒发斑。咽痛必用之药。天行热狂。
疔肿风疹并治。俱用其叶。盖叶泻肝胆之实火。正以祛心胃之邪热。所以小儿疳热丹毒必用之。茎之性味。
亦治温热。毒盛发斑等候。
【青黛】（乃蓝淀浮沫。搅沉掠出。阴干用。）泻肝胆。散郁火。治瘟毒发斑。及产后热痢下
重。天行寒热头痛。与蓝性同。而止血拔毒之功。杀虫之力。似胜于蓝。又治噎膈之疾。和尿白HT 、冰
片。吹口疮最效。
【元参】入肾。主肾水受伤。真阴失守。孤阳无根。亢而僭逆。咽喉肿痛之专药。能清上焦氤
氲之乞。无根之火。又治目赤肿痛。（脾虚泄泻者忌用。）
【淡竹叶】性专淡渗下降。故能去烦热。清心。利小便。根能坠胎催生。
【大黄】脾、胃、大肠、三焦、血分药。凡病在五经血分者宜之。能行瘀血。导血闭。通积滞。
破瘕。泻痞满。润燥结。敷肿毒。泻肠胃燥热。
【丑牛】专一行水下气之药。白者利肺。治上焦痰饮。除壅滞气逆。通大肠风秘。除气分湿
热。黑者泻坚。兼泻脾胃之湿。消肿。治香港脚。利大小便闭。（凡病在血分。病患稍弱而痞满者。不
可用。）
【枳实】入脾、肝血分。消食泻痰。滑窍破气。治宿食不消。心下痞闷。
【枳壳】泄肺走大肠。破气化痰。除寒热结。
【芒硝】（即朴硝。出齐卫者上生锋芒。谓之芒硝）。治五脏积热。胃胀闭。涤蓄结饮食。推
陈致新。除邪气。治小儿走游风。以硝倾汤中。取布蘸湿拭之。（热结不至坚者。不可轻用。）
【火麻仁】入大肠、脾经。其性滋润。初服能令作泻。久服能令人肥健。有补中益气之功。脏
腑结燥者宜之。又治胃热便难。止消渴。通乳汁。催生难产。及老人血虚便闭。妇人产后便闭。最宜。
【猪苓】入膀胱肾经血分。性善疏利经府。能利水而泻脾胃水蓄之证。又治 疟虫 。
【泽泻】入膀胱。治身热汗出。利膀胱湿热。逐心痰气。治水蓄烦渴。其功长于行水。素多湿
热之人甚宜。然亦不可过用。多服病患眼。
【赤茯苓】入心。但主导利而已。能泻心经水蓄之证。
【川木通】入心、心胞络、小肠、膀胱。脾胃不和。水道不利。致郁为寒热。为肿胀。为淋秘。
为痹瘅。俱宜用此淡渗之。分利阴阳。则水行火降。脾胃和而心肾平矣。其性除脾胃寒热。利九窍
血脉关节。上通心。清肺。达九窍。下泻湿祛热。能泻心经水蓄之证。
【京花通】入肺、胃。入肺引热下降而利小便。入胃。通气上达而下乳汁。治五淋癃闭。（妊
娠忌用。）
【车前子】入膀胱、肾经。利小便而不走气。治气癃。止痛。通肾气以利小便。则湿去而癃闭
除。清热利窍。专通利行水道。疏通膀胱热。不致扰动真火。能泻肾与膀胱水蓄之证。
【滑石】上能散表。下能利小便。为荡热散湿。通利六腑九窍之专品。清肺胃之气。下达膀
胱。荡胃中积聚寒热。
【灯心草】泻肺利水。治急喉痹。烧灰吹喉。烧灰涂乳上与儿食。止小儿夜啼。
【瞿麦】利小便。主关格诸癃结。出竹木刺。决痈肿。明目去翳。破胎坠子。下闭血。
【 蓄】利水散湿热。治黄瘅霍乱。疗小儿KT 病。女子阴蚀。及浸淫疮疥疽痔。杀三虫。
【山茵陈】入膀胱。又名角蒿。生子如铃。味辛苦。有小毒。专于杀虫。治口齿疮绝妙。有逐
湿化热之功。
【绵茵陈】入膀胱。叶细如青蒿。专于利水。为湿热黄瘅要药。治风湿寒热。热结黄瘅。湿伏
手阳明大肠足阳明胃所主之病。
【白茯苓】入脾、胃、心、肺、肾、膀胱。开胃化痰。利水定悸。止呕逆泄泻。除湿气。散虚热。
治胸胁气逆。上通心气。治忧恙惊悸。心下结痛。导热滋干。流通津液。治烦满寒热。口苦舌干。利
小便。
【杏仁】入肺。散邪除气。定喘泻滞。散结润燥。除肺中风热咳嗽。不去油用。亦能润滑大肠。
【贝母】肺经气分药。（反乌头。一名虻。）兼入心经。善解心胸郁结之气。肺受心胞火乘。
因而生痰。或为邪热所干。喘嗽烦闷。非此莫治。实为肺家燥痰、开郁、散结、化痰、解毒之专品。
【干柿白霜】专清肺胃之热。在元气未漓。可胜寒润者则宜。若虚劳烦嗽喘乏者。用则郁闭
虚阳。病根日固。与埋薪灰烬中无异。
【柿蒂】味涩无毒。取其涩以敛内蕴之热。故专治呃逆。麻虽忌涩。而柿蒂之涩。非若五味
之酸收闭涩比也。故疹家呃逆。及心中作逆者。公然用之而不忌。
【枇杷叶】入肺、胃。治夏月伤暑气逆最良。能和胃下气。盖气下则火降痰消。胃和则呕定
哕止。故为治心逆、呕哕、及痨嗽之上品。（胃热呕吐、风寒咳嗽者、忌用。）
【桑根白皮】泻肺气之有余。止嗽而能利水。肺中有水气。及肺火有余者宜之。又治唾血热
渴。水肿、腹满、颅胀。利水道。去寸白虫。可以缝金疮。缝后用热鸡血涂之。（肺虚无火。因风寒而
嗽者服之。风邪反闭固不散。而成久嗽。）
【马兜铃】入肺。散气。肺热痰喘。声音不清者宜之。能清热降气。麻疹内陷、喘满、声喑哑
者。宜多用之。（肺冷金寒。喘嗽失音者。忌用。）
【款冬花】（蜜水拌炒）。性温、而不燥血。为温肺治嗽之要药。润肺消痰。止嗽定喘。喉痹、喉喑、肺
痿、肺痈咸宜。治麻亦宜慎用。但非若桔梗为害之大耳。
【金沸草】（即旋复花）肺经大肠要药。能开结下气。行水消痰。治惊悸。祛痞坚。除寒热
。散风湿。开胃气。止呕吐。故肺中伏饮寒嗽者宜之。（但性专温散。阴虚劳嗽。风热燥咳。不可误用
。用之嗽愈甚。）
【栝蒌仁】（去壳打去油）润燥。为治嗽、消痰、止渴之要药。能洗涤胸膈垢腻郁热。并治喉
痹。痛引心肾。咳嗽喘息。及结胸满痛。能降上焦之火。使痰气下降。麻疹气喘鼻扇者必用。（脾胃虚。呕
吐自利者。忌用）
【天花粉】降上膈痰热。润心中烦渴。除时病狂热。祛酒瘅湿黄。治痈疡。解毒排脓。清胃祛
热生津。（凡痰饮色白清稀者忌用。）
【甜葶苈】（隔纸炒香研。宜用绢滤过服。）入大肠、膀胱。专泄肺中之气。主 瘕积聚。破
坚逐邪。通利水道。亦能滑大便。为能引领肺气下走大肠也。又治肺痈喘逆。痰气积聚。通身水气。肺
中之水气 满者。非此不能除。故能泻肺经水蓄之证。又能消麻疹头面手足遍身浮肿。（脾胃虚者忌用。）
【北芥子】入肺。散表利气。豁痰散肿。消胀辟恶。痰在胁下及皮里膜外者。非此不达。（泄
泻伤精。肺经有热。虚火亢炎者。忌用。）
【家苏子】诸香皆燥。惟此独润。虚劳咳嗽。必用之药。性能下气。胸膈不利者宜之。与橘红
均为除喘、定嗽、消痰、顺气之品。（但性主疏泄。气虚久嗽。阴虚喘逆。脾虚便滑者。皆忌用。）
【莱菔子】（即萝卜子）。治痰。有推墙倒壁之功。长于利气。生者升。炒熟者降。升则吐风痰。降则
定痰嗽。
【竹沥】善透经络。治筋脉拘挛。痰在皮里膜外筋络四肢者。非此不能化之。（胃虚肠滑。及
气粗便闭者误用。每致呃逆不食。脱泄不止而死。）
【紫菀茸】肺经血分之药。止咳逆上气。胸中寒热结气。能疏利肺经血气。去蛊毒痿癖。能
散结降气。专通肺气。使热从尿出而去。疗咳唾脓血。消痰止渴。又治下痢肺痈。善调五劳体虚。
止咳定咳。疗惊悸吐衄诸血。（阴虚肺热干咳者忌用。）
【麦冬】入心、肺、胃、肾。定心热惊烦。疗肺痿吐脓。专泄而不专收。能清燥而滋水源。（寒
多人忌服。）
【肥知母】入胆、胃、脾、肺。能泻有余相火。理消渴烦蒸。下润肾燥而滋阴。上清肺热而除
烦。（表证未除。泻痢有燥渴。脾胃虚人。忌用。）
【天冬】肺经气分药。兼通肾气。治咳逆喘促。肺痿、肺痈。吐衄、干咳、痰结。能滋肺。肺燥
者宜之。能保肺不受火扰。清金降火。益水之上源。故能下通肾气。
【藕汁】性专散血、止血。除痛。
【梨汁】消痰降火。止心烦。
【地骨皮】三焦气分药。下焦肝肾虚热。骨蒸自汗者宜之。有益精气退邪火之妙。
【家生地黄】入心、肾、心胞络、肝经。兼行脾与小肠。为散血之专药。主伤中。逐血痹。填骨
Those with epistaxis (nosebleed) indicate severe toxin. Those with oral bleeding indicate even more severe toxin. Those with bleeding from both bowels and bladder indicate the most severe toxin, and the condition is critical. At the onset, if the palms and soles are hot as fire, the condition is severe. If the feet are cold as ice at the onset, the condition is severe. With panting, dry nostrils, flaring of the nostrils, accompanied by vomiting, convulsions, mania, restlessness, and absence of sweating, the condition is most severe. Absence of rash on the head and face indicates severity. Reddish-purple, dark, dry, and rough rash indicates severity. Sore throat with inability to eat indicates severity. Premature contraction of Stomach Qi (rash retracting too early) indicates severity. Heat transferring to the Large Intestine resulting in dysentery indicates severity. Complication with macules, wheals, or erysipelas indicates severity. Bleeding from the tongue indicates severity.
If the rash is black, dark, dry, and shriveled, and retracts immediately upon appearing, it is incurable. Panting with sucking in of the chest during inspiration is incurable. If the entire body is red and flat with the skin, exterior-releasing treatment should be applied. If the condition remains unchanged after exterior-releasing treatment, it is incurable. Flaring nostrils, open mouth, and eyes without spirit are incurable. Blue nose and black stool are incurable. Black teeth on the face are incurable. Gangrenous stomatitis (Zouma Yagan) is incurable. Tongue extending beyond one cun is incurable. Rotting of the stomach is incurable. Incessant diarrhea after measles is incurable.
After the rash has subsided, if the whole body remains hot and not cool, with drowsiness, confusion, incoherent speech, refusal of food and drink, white tongue coating, loss of intelligence, picking at clothes and bed sheets, chaotic Yuan Qi (Original Qi), and listless spirit, with only a wisp of soul remaining, even strong medicines cannot save the life, and even skilled physicians cannot determine a course of action.
[Fangfeng] Enters the Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Gallbladder, Pericardium, and Bladder meridians. It is an immortal herb for treating wind and removing dampness, humble in status like a common soldier, reaching the disease site guided by other herbs. Its nature ascends, thus treating excess wind pathogen in the upper jiao, draining Lung excess causing panting and fullness, bi-syndrome pain throughout the body, tetany of the four limbs, blindness, cold tears from wind-affected eyes, generalized body pain, back and neck stiffness with inability to look back, sensation of waist breaking and neck pulling. For sores above the chest and diaphragm, it is suitable because it dissipates nodules and removes upper wind-heat. (Contraindicated in Lung deficiency with sweating and panting, rising Qi causing vomiting, rising Fire causing cough, Yin deficiency with night sweats, Yang deficiency with spontaneous sweating, post-diarrhea Spleen deficiency with convulsions, and postpartum Blood deficiency with spasms.)
[Jingjie] Enters the Qi level of the Liver and Lungs. It dispels wind-heat in the collaterals and channels, clears the head and eyes, removes blood stasis, breaks qi stagnation, and eliminates carbuncle toxins. (Contraindicated in exterior deficiency with spontaneous sweating and Yin deficiency with red face.)
[Bohe] Enters the Liver and Lungs, disperses wind and clears heat. It treats cough with hoarseness, headache, wind-head, eye, mouth, and dental diseases, benefits the throat, removes tongue coating, and is a key herb for pediatric fever, scrofula, sores, and scabies. It also opens depression and disperses qi.
[Suye] Enters both the Qi and Blood levels, releases the exterior, benefits the throat, opens the stomach, unblocks the intestines, directs qi downward, and dispels cold. It ascends while descending. (Long-term use depletes True Qi; excessive use in those with Spleen-Stomach deficiency-cold often leads to loose stools.)
[Qianhu] Enters the Lung, Spleen, Stomach, Large Intestine, Gallbladder, and Sanjiao. Its merit lies in directing qi downward; when qi descends, fire descends, and phlegm follows. Thus, it treats various diseases such as phlegm-heat panting/cough and epigastric fullness, making it a key herb for phlegm and qi disorders. Its nature suits excess qi and wind-phlegm. (Contraindicated in phlegm due to Yin deficiency with hyperactive fire, and phlegm not caused by external pathogens.)
[Gegen] Enters the Large Intestine and Stomach. It stimulates the clear Yang Qi of the Stomach, treats thirst, fever, and vomiting, distributes Stomach Qi, awakens Yang Qi, resolves various toxins, and promotes Stomach Qi ascent so that evil toxins disperse and do not linger. It is a specific herb for the Large Intestine and Stomach meridians. It treats forehead pain, supraorbital pain, epidemic heat with vomiting/counterflow, releases the exterior and resolves muscle tension, opens the stomach, stops thirst, and promotes eruption of pox/rash. "Ge Hua" (Kudzu Flower) resolves alcohol toxicity.
[Congbai] Enters the Lung and Stomach. It specializes in releasing the exterior to unblock Yang Qi above and below, inducing sweating.
[Husui] Unblocks generalized bi-syndrome and reaches the four limbs. It repels all abnormal qi. For pox/rash that fail to erupt, crush it and apply to clothing/bedding to promote eruption. During spring and summer when Yang Qi ascends, using it may exacerbate heat-toxin, potentially turning the rash black; caution is advised.
[Lianqiao] A herb for the Qi level of the Large Intestine and Pericardium. It drains guest heat from the Heart meridian, breaks blood clots, disperses qi accumulation, reduces swelling and toxins, benefits urination, and drains Heart Fire. Thus, it treats various painful sores and itching. It also clears stagnant heat in the Gallbladder meridian.
[Niubangzi] (Also known as Dali Zi or E Shi). A Lung meridian herb treating wind-damp wheals and wind-heat in the throat. It disperses toxins of various swellings and wet sores. It is an immortal herb for pox/rash and removes wind-heat and macular toxins from the skin.
[Xijiao] Enters the Stomach. It cools blood, disperses blood, clears blood, resolves pox/rash toxins, treats mania and convulsions, resolves gu toxicity, and treats hematemesis, epistaxis, hematochezia, hematuria, and severe blood-heat toxin in pox/measles. It is particularly essential in such cases.
[Lvdou] Resolves erysipelas toxin, irritability, and heat; treats wind-rash and drug-induced reactions; resolves heat qi; treats Ben Tun (running piglet syndrome).
[Shandougen] Treats various throat diseases and throat obstruction; resolves pox/rash heat-toxin; stops pain; reduces carbuncle swelling and toxins; treats fever and cough; excels at treating acute jaundice in humans and horses; kills small insects; suitable for abdominal distension, panting, fullness, and sudden heat-jue heart pain. (Contraindicated in Spleen-Stomach deficiency-cold with diarrhea.)
[Renzhonghuang] Resolves epidemic fever, warm-toxin with macular eruption, and all kinds of toxic malignant sores.
[Renzhongbai] Most effective for treating mouth ulcers and tongue sores; it is a wonderful flavor for descending fire.
[Qiuyin] (Also known as Dilong; the white-necked variety is best). Resolves heat-toxin; dissolve in salt into water; unblocks collaterals; use dried and roasted. It specifically kills snake gu, three parasites, and corpse-invading toxins; resolves damp-heat; benefits urination; unblocks collaterals; treats pox sores; treats spleen-stomach deficiency-heat where娇红 (delicate redness) lasts five to six days, gradually turning dry, black, and sunken; treats high fever and madness in warm diseases, epidemic high fever, and sudden urinary retention.
[Xiheliu] Enters the Stomach and Large Intestine. Its function specifically induces measles eruption; it also resolves alcohol toxicity and expels wind. Decocting it in water and washing it on the body for wind-rash and itching is most effective.
[Xionghuang] Enters the Stomach. It breaks yin evil, kills hundred insects, repels hundred evils, treats chills and fever, scrofula, malignant sores, carbuncles, hemorrhoids, and necrotic tissue.
[Chantui] Treats skin sores and wind-heat, tetanus, pox/rash itching, corneal opacity after pox/rash, infantile nocturnal crying, and convulsions.
[Chuan Huanglian] Enters the Heart and Liver; drains excess fire; treats eye pain and tearing; brightens vision; treats abdominal pain and dysentery; stops thirst; calms fright and thickens intestines; treats mouth ulcers.
[Ku Huangqin] Enters the Lung; drains Lung fire; clears heat from the muscle surface. [Tiao Qin] drains Liver/Gallbladder/Large Intestine fire; removes Stomach heat. [Zi Qin] treats reckless bleeding due to blood-heat.
[Huangbai] Enters the Blood level of the Kidney meridian. It is a specific herb for damp-heat in the Lung, Spleen, Large Intestine, Stomach, Heart, Pericardium, and Liver meridians. It also treats insufficiency of Kidney Water and Bladder, and various forms of flaccidity, jue, and weakness.
[Zhiren] Clears guest heat from the Heart and Lung; treats internal heat in the five zang organs and Stomach heat; use charred. It specifically drains Sanjiao fire and fire in masses. It best clears blood in the stomach region, descends curvingly, and allows fire to drain via urination.
[Shigao] Enters the Lung and Stomach. It treats heat diseases and heat exhaustion; dry mouth and scorched tongue; extreme thirst with desire to drink; spontaneous sweating and headache; difficult urination and constipation; floating teeth and facial swelling; and abdominal firm pain—all heat syndromes.
[Daqing] Also called Liaolan. Enters the Liver. Its nature is extreme yin, and its taste is bitter and cold. It specifically clears and resolves damp-heat pathogens. It is a must-use herb for yang-toxin with macular eruption and sore throat. It treats epidemic fever/madness, carbuncles, and wind-rash. The leaves are used because they drain excess fire of the Liver/Gallbladder to remove evil heat from the Heart/Stomach. Thus, it is essential for pediatric malnutrition-heat and erysipelas. The stem's nature and taste also treat warm-heat and severe toxin with macular eruption.
[Qingdai] (Obtained from the foam of indigo dye, stirred to settle, skimmed off, and dried in shade). Drains the Liver and Gallbladder, disperses stagnant fire, treats plague-toxin with macular eruption, and postpartum heat-dysentery with heaviness. It treats epidemic chills/fever, headache, and shares the nature of Indigo but has superior hemostatic, toxin-pulling, and insect-killing powers. It also treats dysphagia. Mixed with urine sediment and Borneol, blowing it into the mouth is most effective for mouth ulcers.
[Yuan Shen] Enters the Kidney. It addresses Kidney Water injury, loss of True Yin, rootless solitary Yang, hyperactivity, and usurping counterflow. It is a specific herb for sore throat and swelling. It clears misty qi in the Upper Jiao and rootless fire. It also treats red, swollen, and painful eyes. (Contraindicated in Spleen deficiency with diarrhea.)
[Danzhuye] Its nature is specifically light,渗 (permeating), and descending. Thus, it removes irritability and heat, clears the Heart, and benefits urination. The root can induce abortion and facilitate labor.
[Dahuang] A herb for the Spleen, Stomach, Large Intestine, Sanjiao, and Blood levels. It is suitable for diseases in the Blood level of the Five Meridians. It moves blood stasis, guides blood closure, unblocks accumulations, breaks masses, drains epigastric fullness, moistens dryness/stool, applies to swelling/toxins, and drains intestinal/stomach dry-heat.
[Chouniu] A specific herb for moving water and directing qi downward. The white variety benefits the Lung, treats upper jiao phlegm-fluid, removes qi stagnation/counterflow, unblocks Wind-type constipation of the Large Intestine, and removes damp-heat from the Qi level. The black variety drains hardness, simultaneously drains Spleen/Stomach dampness, reduces swelling, treats podagra, and benefits urination/constipation. (Contraindicated in blood-level diseases, especially when the patient is weak with epigastric fullness.)
[Zhishi] Enters the Blood level of the Spleen and Liver. It digests food, drains phlegm, lubricates orifices, breaks qi, treats undigested food retention, and epigastric stuffiness.
[Zhike] Drains the Lung and travels to the Large Intestine. It breaks qi, transforms phlegm, and removes cold-heat knots.
[Mangxiao] (Also known as Puxiao; the variety from Qiwei with sharp edges is called Mangxiao). It treats accumulated heat in the five zang organs, stomach distension/closure, washes out retained food, pushes out the old and brings in the new, removes evil qi, and treats wandering wind in children. Dissolve salt in soup, dip cloth, and wipe. (Do not use lightly if heat accumulation is not hard.)
[Huomaren] Enters the Large Intestine and Spleen meridians. Its nature is moistening. Initial use causes diarrhea; long-term use makes one fat and robust, benefiting Middle Jiao Qi. It is suitable for organ dryness/stagnation. It also treats stomach-heat difficulty in defecation, stops thirst, promotes lactation, facilitates difficult labor, and is most suitable for elderly blood-deficiency constipation and postpartum female constipation.
[Zhuling] Enters the Blood level of the Bladder and Kidney meridians. Its nature is good at draining channels and fu organs. It benefits urination and drains water retention in the Spleen/Stomach. It also treats malaria parasites.
[Zexie] Enters the Bladder. It treats body heat and sweating, benefits Bladder damp-heat, drives out Heart phlegm/qi, and treats water retention with irritability/thirst. Its merit lies in moving water. It is very suitable for those with chronic damp-heat, but should not be overused; excessive use causes blindness.
[Chi Fuling] Enters the Heart. It primarily guides drainage. It drains water retention in the Heart meridian.
[Chuan Mutong] Enters the Heart, Pericardium, Small Intestine, and Bladder. For Spleen-Stomach disharmony leading to blocked water passages, causing stagnant chills/fever, swelling, strangury/retention, and bi-jaundice, this light-permeating herb is suitable. By differentiating and benefiting yin/yang, water flows and fire descends, Spleen-Stomach harmonizes, and Heart-Kidney balances. Its nature removes Spleen-Stomach chills/fever, benefits nine orifices/blood vessels/joints, connects upward to the Heart, clears the Lung, reaches nine orifices, drains dampness/heat downward, and drains water retention in the Heart meridian.
[Jing Huatong] Enters the Lung and Stomach. Entering the Lung, it guides heat downward to benefit urination. Entering the Stomach, it unblocks qi upward to promote lactation. It treats five stranguries and urinary retention. (Contraindicated in pregnancy.)
[Cheqianzi] Enters the Bladder and Kidney meridians. It benefits urination without depleting qi. It treats qi-strangury, stops pain, unblocks Kidney qi to benefit urination, thereby removing dampness and resolving strangury. It clears heat and benefits orifices, specifically unblocking water pathways, clearing Bladder heat without disturbing True Fire, and draining water retention in the Kidney and Bladder.
[Huaishi] Upward it releases the exterior; downward it benefits urination. It is a specific product for sweeping heat, dispersing dampness, and unblocking the six fu organs and nine orifices. It clears Lung/Stomach qi, descends to the Bladder, sweeps accumulated chills/heat in the Stomach.
[Dengxincao] Drains the Lung and benefits water. It treats acute throat obstruction; ash blown into the throat; ash applied to breast milk for infants to stop nocturnal crying.
[Qumai] Benefits urination; treats Guan Ge and various strangury obstructions; extracts bamboo/wood splinters; resolves abscesses; brightens eyes and removes opacity; aborts fetus; expels closed blood.
[Bianxu] Benefits water, disperses damp-heat. It treats jaundice, cholera, pediatric KT disease, female vaginal erosion, and oozing sores/scabies/hemorrhoids. It kills three parasites.
[Shan Yinchen] Enters the Bladder. Also known as Jiaohao. Seeds resemble bells; taste is bitter/pungent; slightly toxic. It specifically kills insects and is excellent for mouth/dental sores. It has the function of driving out dampness and transforming heat.
[Mian Yinchen] Enters the Bladder. Leaves are fine like Qinghao. It specifically benefits urination and is a key herb for damp-heat jaundice. It treats wind-damp chills/fever, heat-binding jaundice, and diseases governed by dampness stagnating in the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine and Foot-Yangming Stomach.
[Bai Fuling] Enters the Spleen, Stomach, Heart, Lung, Kidney, and Bladder. It opens the stomach, transforms phlegm, benefits urination, calms palpitations, stops vomiting/diarrhea, removes dampness, disperses deficiency-heat, treats reverse qi in chest/hypochondrium, connects upward to Heart Qi, treats worry/fright/palpitations, epigastric knotting pain, conducts heat to nourish dryness, circulates fluids, treats irritability/fullness/chills/fever, bitter taste/dry tongue, and benefits urination.
[Xingren] Enters the Lung. It disperses evil, removes qi, calms panting, drains stagnation, dissipates nodules, moistens dryness, removes wind-heat cough from the Lung. Do not remove the oil; it also lubricates the Large Intestine.
[Beimu] A Qi-level herb for the Lung meridian. (Incompatible with Wu Tou; also named Meng). It also enters the Heart meridian. It excellently resolves depression in the chest/heart. When the Lung is invaded by Pericardium fire, phlegm is generated; or when affected by evil heat, causing panting/cough/irritation, nothing else can treat it. It is a specific product for Lung dry-phlegm, opening depression, dissipating nodules, transforming phlegm, and detoxifying.
[Ganshi Baishuang] Specifically clears Lung/Stomach heat. It is suitable if Original Qi is not depleted and can withstand cold-moistening properties. If used in deficiency-consumption with irritability/cough/panting/weakness, it will trap deficient Yang, solidifying the disease root, akin to burying in wood ash.
[Shidi] Taste is astringent and non-toxic. Its astringency gathers internal heat. Thus, it specifically treats hiccups. Although measles generally avoids astringents, the astringency of Shidi is not like the sour/astringent closure of Wuweizi. Thus, it is openly used for hiccups in measles patients and those with rebellious Qi in the heart without taboo.
[Pipaye] Enters the Lung and Stomach. It is best for summerheat injuring Qi causing counterflow. It harmonizes the Stomach and directs qi downward. Since qi descending leads to fire descending and phlegm消散, and Stomach harmony stops vomiting/retching, it is a top-grade herb for heart rebellion, vomiting/retching, and consumption cough. (Contraindicated in stomach-heat vomiting and wind-cold cough.)
[Sanggen Bapi] Drains excess Lung Qi, stops cough, and benefits urination. It is suitable for water qi in the Lung and excess Lung fire. It also treats hemoptysis, heat-thirst, edema, abdominal fullness, cranial distension, benefits water pathways, removes Taenia (inchworms), and can suture metal wounds (apply hot chicken blood after suturing). (If taken by those with Lung deficiency without fire, coughing due to wind-cold, the wind evil will be sealed and not dispersed, leading to chronic cough.)
[Madouling] Enters the Lung. It disperses qi. It is suitable for lung-heat phlegm-panting and unclear voice. It clears heat and directs qi downward. For measles sinking inward with panting/fullness and hoarseness, it should be used in large doses. (Contraindicated in cold Lung/gold-cold with panting/cough/loss of voice.)
[Kuandonghua] (Stir-fried with honey water). Nature is warm but does not dry blood. It is a key herb for warming the Lung and treating cough. It moistens the Lung, transforms phlegm, stops cough, calms panting. It is suitable for throat obstruction, hoarseness, Lung atrophy, and Lung abscess. It is also suitable for measles but should be used cautiously, though not as harmful as Jiegeng.
[Jinfey Cao] (Also known as Xuanfu Hua). A key herb for the Lung and Large Intestine meridians. It opens knots, directs qi downward, moves water, transforms phlegm, treats palpitations, removes epigastric hardness, removes chills/fever, disperses wind-damp, opens Stomach qi, stops vomiting. Thus, it is suitable for latent fluid and cold-cough in the Lung. (Its nature is specifically warm and dispersing; contraindicated in Yin-deficiency consumption cough and wind-heat dry cough; using it worsens cough.)
[Gualou Ren] (Shell removed, oil pressed out). Moistens dryness. It is a key herb for treating cough, transforming phlegm, and stopping thirst. It cleanses sticky stagnant heat in the chest/diaphragm. It treats throat obstruction with pain radiating to Heart/Kidney, cough/panting, and chest fullness/pain. It descends Upper Jiao fire, causing phlegm/qi to descend. It is essential for measles with panting and nasal flaring. (Contraindicated in Spleen deficiency with vomiting and spontaneous diarrhea.)
[Tianhuafen] Descends phlegm-heat in the upper diaphragm, moistens heart irritability/thirst, removes epidemic fever/madness, resolves wine-jaundice and damp-yellow, treats carbuncles, detoxifies, drains pus, clears Stomach, removes heat, and generates fluids. (Contraindicated in white, clear, and thin phlegm-fluid.)
[Tiantili] (Stir-fried between papers until fragrant, ground, and filtered through silk before use). Enters the Large Intestine and Bladder. It specifically drains qi in the Lung. It treats masses and accumulations, breaks hardness, drives out evil, unblocks water pathways, and also lubricates the large intestine, as it guides Lung qi to descend to the Large Intestine. It also treats Lung abscess with panting/counterflow, phlegm/qi accumulation, generalized water qi, and fullness of water qi in the Lung, which cannot be removed without this herb. Thus, it drains water retention in the Lung meridian. It also reduces generalized edema of the head, face, hands, and feet in measles. (Contraindicated in Spleen deficiency.)
[Bei Jiezi] Enters the Lung. It releases the exterior, benefits qi, transforms phlegm, reduces swelling, eliminates distension, and repels evil. For phlegm in the hypochondrium and outside the skin/membranes, nothing else reaches it. (Contraindicated in diarrhea damaging essence, Lung heat, and hyperactive deficiency fire.)
[Jia Suzi] All aromatic herbs are drying, but this one is uniquely moist. It is a must-use herb for deficiency-consumption cough. Its nature directs qi downward, suitable for chest/diaphragm discomfort. Along with Juhong, it is a product for relieving panting, calming cough, transforming phlegm, and smoothing qi. (Its nature is mainly dispersing/draining; contraindicated in qi-deficiency chronic cough, Yin-deficiency panting/counterflow, and Spleen deficiency with loose stools.)
[Lafuzi] (Also known as Luobozi). Treats phlegm with the power to push down walls. It excels at benefiting qi. Raw it ascends; stir-fried it descends. Ascending it vomits wind-phlegm; descending it calms phlegm-cough.
[Zhuli] Excellently penetrates collaterals. It treats tendon/channel spasm. For phlegm in the skin/membranes, collaterals, and four limbs, nothing else can transform it. (Misuse in stomach deficiency/intestinal looseness or coarse qi/constipation often leads to hiccups, refusal of food, incessant depletion, and death.)
[Ziwan Rong] A Blood-level herb for the Lung meridian. It stops cough with reverse qi and cold-heat knotting in the chest. It can smooth Lung blood/qi, remove gu toxicity and flaccidity/masses, dissipate nodules, direct qi downward, specifically unblock Lung qi, allowing heat to exit via urine. It treats coughing up pus/blood, transforms phlegm, stops thirst, treats dysentery and Lung abscess, and harmonizes five consumptions and body deficiency. It calms cough, treats fright/palpitations, and various bleeding from vomiting/epistaxis. (Contraindicated in Yin-deficiency Lung-heat dry cough.)
[Maidong] Enters the Heart, Lung, Stomach, and Kidney. It calms Heart heat/fright/irritation, treats Lung atrophy with pus vomiting. It specializes in draining rather than gathering, clears dryness, and nourishes Water source. (Contraindicated in those with much cold.)
[Fei Zhimu] Enters the Gallbladder, Stomach, Spleen, and Lung. It drains excess Minister Fire, regulates thirst/irritability/steaming, moistens Kidney dryness downward to nourish Yin, clears Lung heat upward to remove irritation. (Contraindicated when exterior syndrome is unresolved, dysentery with dry thirst, and Spleen-Stomach deficiency.)
[Tian Dong] A Qi-level herb for the Lung meridian, also connecting to Kidney qi. It treats cough/reverse panting, Lung atrophy/abscess, hematemesis/epistaxis, dry cough, and phlegm knots. It nourishes the Lung, suitable for Lung dryness. It protects the Lung from fire disturbance, clears Metal, descends fire, benefits the upper source of Water, thus connecting downward to Kidney qi.
'Ouzhi' (Lotus Root Juice): Its nature specifically disperses blood, stops bleeding, and removes pain.
'Lizhi' (Pear Juice): Transforms phlegm, descends fire, stops heart irritability.
'Digupi': A Qi-level herb for the Sanjiao. Suitable for Lower Jiao Liver/Kidney deficiency-heat, bone-steaming, and spontaneous sweating. It has the wonder of benefiting Essence/Qi and retreating evil fire.
'Jia Sheng Dihuang' (Rehmannia Root): Enters the Heart, Kidney, Pericardium, and Liver meridians, also traveling through the Spleen and Small Intestine. It is a specific herb for dispersing blood. It treats middle injury, drives out blood stasis, and fills bones.