平按∶此篇自篇首至末，见《灵枢》卷一第二《本输》篇，自肺出少商以下，散见于《甲乙
经》卷三第二十四至三十五等篇，惟意义多同，而编次前后、文法繁简有异。自肺合大肠至所合
者也，见《甲乙经》卷一第三。
黄帝问于岐伯曰∶凡刺之道，必通十二经脉之所终始，（手之三阴，始之于胸，终于手指；
手之三阳，始于手指，终之于头。足之三阳，始起于头，终之于足；足之三阴，始起于足，终之
于腹。平按∶经脉《灵枢》作经络。）络脉之所别起，（十五络脉，皆从脏腑正经别走相入。平
按∶别起《灵枢》作别处。）五输之所留止，（各从井出，留止于合。平按∶《灵枢》无止字。）
五脏六腑之所与合，（五脏六经为里，六腑六经为表，表里合也。平按∶《灵枢》无五脏二字。）
四时之所出入，（秋冬，阳气从皮外入至骨髓，阴气出至皮外；春夏，阴气从皮外入至骨髓，阳
气出至皮外。）脏腑之所流行，（脏腑出于营卫二气，流行于身也。平按∶《灵枢》脏腑作五脏，
流行作溜处。）阔数之度，（营卫所行阔数度量。）浅深之状，（络脉为浅，经脉为深。）高下
所至，愿闻其解。（经脉高上于头，下至于足。此之九义，并请闻之。）岐伯答曰∶请言其次。
（次者，井荥输经合等阴阳五行次第也。）肺出少
商，少商者，手大指内侧也，为井；（肺脉从脏而起，出至大指次指之端，今至大指之端，还入于
脏，此根据经脉顺行从手逆数之法也。井者，古者以泉源出水之处为井也，掘地得水之后，仍以本
为名，故曰井也。人之血气出于四肢，故脉出处以为井也。手足三阴皆以木为井，相生至于水之
合也；手足三阳皆以金为井，相生至于土之合也。所谓阴脉出阳，至阴而合，阳脉出阴，至土而合
也。平按∶指下《灵枢》、《甲乙经》有端字，井下《灵枢》有木字。）溜于鱼际，鱼际者，手鱼
也，为荥；（腕前大节之后，状若鱼形，故曰手鱼也。脉出少商，溢入鱼际，故为荥也。焉迥反。）
注于太泉，太泉者，鱼后下陷者之中也，为输；（输，送致聚也。《八十一难》曰∶五脏输者，三焦
行气之所留止。故肺气与三焦之气送致聚于此处，故名为输也。平按∶太泉《灵枢》、《甲乙》作
太渊，说见前。下字《灵枢》作一寸二字，输作 ，《甲乙》作俞，下同，不再举。）行于经渠，
经渠者，寸口之中也，动而不居，为经；（寸口之中，十二经脉历于渠洫，故曰经渠。居，停也。
太阴之脉动于寸口不息，故曰不居。经者，通也，肺气至此常通，故曰经也。平按∶行于经渠上
《千金》有“过于列缺为源”六字。）入于尺泽，尺泽者，肘中之动脉也，为合，手太阴经也。（如
水出井，以至海为合，脉出指井，至此合于本脏之气，故名为合，解余十输，皆放于此。诸输穴
名义，已《明堂》具释也。）心出中冲，中冲者，手中指之端也，为井；溜于劳宫，劳宫者，掌
中中指本节之内间也，为荥；（《明堂》一名五星也，掌中动脉也。平按∶心《甲乙》作心主。
《灵枢》井下有木字。）注于大陵，大陵者，掌后两骨之间方下者也，为输；平按∶为输下《千金》
有过于内关为源六字。两骨之间方下者也《甲乙》作两筋间陷者中。行于间使，间使道两筋之
间，三寸之中
也，有过则至，无过则止，为经；（方下，陷中也。三寸之中者，三寸之际也。有虚实之过，则气
使至此；无过不至，故止也。《明堂》此手心主经下，有手少阴五输，此经所说心不受邪，故手
少阴无输也。平按∶道上《灵枢》有之字。）入于曲泽，曲泽者，肘内廉下陷者之中也，屈而得
之，为合，手心主经也。肝出大敦，大敦者，足大趾之端及三毛之中也，为井；（足大趾端及三
毛皆是大敦，厥阴脉井也。平按∶屈而得之《甲乙》作屈肘得之。手心主《灵枢》作手少阴。井下
《灵枢》有木字。）溜于行间，行间者，大指之间也，为荥；（《明堂》足厥阴脉动应手也。平按∶
《灵枢》大指上有足字。）注于太冲，太冲者，在行间上二寸陷者之中也，为输；（《明堂》本
节后二寸或一寸半陷中也。平按∶《灵枢》行间上无者在二字。）行于中封，中封者，在内踝前
一寸半陷者中也，使逆则宛，使和则通，摇足而得之，为经；（气行曰使。宛，不伸也，塞也。
《明堂》内踝前一寸，仰足而取之，陷者中。伸足乃得之也。平按∶《千金》过于中封为源，行
于中 为经。与此不同。）入于曲泉，曲泉者，辅骨之下大筋之上也，屈膝而得之，为合，足厥
阴经也。（《明堂》在膝内辅骨下，大筋上，小筋下，陷中也。）脾出隐白，隐白者，足大趾之端
内侧也，为井；溜于太都，太都者，本节之后下陷者之中也，为荥；注于太白，太白者，核骨之
下也，为输；（核骨在大指本节之后，然骨之前高骨是也。核，茎革反。平按∶《灵枢》井下有
木字，太都作大都。核袁刻误作腕，注同。注，核茎革反，袁刻无此四字。）行于商丘，商丘者，
内踝下陷者之中也，为经；（《明堂》足内踝下微前。平按∶行于商丘上《千金》有过于公孙为
源六字。）入于阴之陵泉，阴之陵泉者，辅
骨之下陷者之中也，屈伸而得之，为合，足太阴经也。（膝下内侧辅骨下也。平按∶《灵枢》无
屈字，太阴下无经字。）肾出涌泉，涌泉者，足心也，为井；（《明堂》一名地冲也。平按∶涌
泉《灵枢》、《甲乙》作 泉。井下《灵枢》有木字。）溜于然谷，然谷者，然骨之下也，为荥；
（《明堂》一名龙泉，在足内踝前起大骨下陷中。即此大骨为然骨。）注于太溪，太溪者，内踝
之后跟骨之上陷者之中也，为输；（《明堂》跟骨上动脉也。平按∶《灵枢》太溪作大溪，陷下
无“者之”二字。为输下《千金》有“过于水泉为源”六字。）行于复留，复留者，上踝二寸，
动而不休也，为经；（《明堂》一名昌阳，一名伏白，足少阴脉，动不休也。平按∶复留《甲乙》
作复溜。踝上《灵枢》、《甲乙》有内字。二寸下《甲乙》有陷者中三字。）入于阴谷，阴谷者，
辅骨之后，大筋之下，小筋之上也，按之应手，屈膝而得之，为合，足少阴经也。（《明堂》在
膝内辅骨之后。按应手，谓按之手下觉异也。）膀胱出于至阴，至阴者，足小指之端也，为井；
（《明堂》在足小指外侧，去爪甲角如韭叶也。平按∶《灵枢》井下有金字。）溜于通谷，通谷
者，本节之前，为荥；（《明堂》通谷者，小指外侧，本节前陷中也。平按∶前下《灵枢》有外
侧也三字。）注于束骨，束骨者，本节之后也，为输；（《明堂》在足小指外侧，本节后陷中也。
平按∶后下《灵枢》有“陷者中”三字。）过于京骨，京骨者，外踝之下也，为原；（齐下动气
者，人之生命，十二经之根本也，故名曰原。三焦者，原气之别使，主行三气，经营五脏六腑。
故原者，三焦之尊称也，是以五脏六腑皆有原也。肺之原出太泉，心之原出大陵也，肝之原出太
冲，脾之原出太白，肾之原出大溪，手少阴经原出神门掌后兑骨之端。此皆以输为原者，以输是三
焦所行之气留止处也。六
腑原者，胆原出丘虚，胃原出冲阳，大肠原出合骨，小肠原出完骨，膀胱原出京骨，三焦原出阳
池。六腑者阳也，三焦行于诸阳，故置一输名原，不应五时也。所以腑有六输，亦与三焦共一气
也。 平按∶外踝《灵枢》作“外侧大骨”四字。原《千金》作源，下同。）行于昆仑，昆仑者，
在外踝之后，跟骨之上也，为经；入于委中，委中者， 中也，为合，委而取之，足太阳经也。
（《明堂》在 中央约文中动脉也。平按∶“之上”下《甲乙》有“陷中细脉动应手”七字。
《灵枢》 中也，也作央，太阳下无经字。）胆出于窍阴，窍阴者，足小指次指之端也，为井；
（《明堂》足小指次指端去爪甲角如韭叶。平按∶井下《灵枢》有金字。）溜于侠溪，侠溪者，
小指次指之间也，为荥；（《明堂》小指次指歧骨间本节前陷中。平按∶小指上《灵枢》有足字。）
注于临泣，临泣者，上行一寸半陷者中也，为输；（《明堂》在足小指次指本节皮间陷者中，去
侠溪一寸半也。平按∶注皮间《甲乙》作后间。）过于丘虚，丘虚者，外踝之下陷者之中也，为
原；（《明堂》外踝下如前陷者中，去临泣三寸也。平按∶虚《灵枢》、《甲乙》作墟。下陷上
《灵枢》有前字。注去临泣三寸《甲乙》作去临泣一寸。）行于阳辅，阳辅者，外踝之上，辅骨
之前，及绝骨之端也，为经；（《明堂》无及，及即两处也。平按∶辅骨上《甲乙》有四寸二字。
端下《甲乙》有“如前三分去丘虚七寸”九字。）入于阳之陵泉，阳之陵泉者，在膝外陷者中也，
为合，伸足而得之，足少阳经也。（《明堂》在膝下外廉也。平按∶《灵枢》外膝作在膝，伸下
无足字。）胃出于厉兑，厉兑者，足大趾之内，次指之端也，为井；（《明堂》去爪
甲角如韭叶也。平按∶井下《灵枢》有金字。）溜于内庭，内庭者，次指外间陷者中也，为荥；
（《明堂》足大趾次指外间也。平按∶外间下《灵枢》无陷者中三字。）注于陷谷，陷谷者，中
指内间上行二寸陷者之中也，为输；（《明堂》足大趾次指外间本节皮陷者中，去内庭二寸也。
平按∶陷谷者下《灵枢》有上字。注皮字《甲乙》作后。）过于冲阳，冲阳者，足跗上五寸陷者
中也，为原，摇足而得之；（《明堂》一名会原，足跗上五寸骨间动脉上，去陷谷三寸也。平按∶
跗《甲乙》作趺。）行于解溪，解溪者，上冲阳一寸半陷者中也，为经；（《明堂》冲阳后一寸
半腕上也。）入于下陵，下陵者，膝下三寸， 外三里也，为合；复下三寸，为巨虚上廉也，复下
三寸，为巨虚下廉也，大肠属上，小肠属下，足阳明胃脉也，大肠小肠皆属于此，足阳明经也。
（人膝如陵，陵下三寸，一寸为一里也。三里以下，三寸之下上下处，上际为上廉，下际为下廉。
以在 骨外侧，故名为廉。足阳明脉行此虚中，大肠之气在上廉中与阳明合，小肠之气在下廉中
与阳明合，故曰大肠属上，小肠属下也。平按∶《灵枢》 下有骨字。上“复下”二字下，有“三
里”二字；下“复下”二字下，有“上廉”二字。皆属于此作皆属于胃。）三焦者，上合于手少
阳，出于关冲，关冲者，手小指次指之端也，为井；溜于掖门，掖门者，小指之间也，为荥；注
于中渚，中渚者，本节之后也，为输；过于阳池，阳池者，在腕上陷者之中也，为原；（阳池《明
堂》一名别阳，在手表腕上陷中也。平按∶《灵枢》井下有金字，掖作液，《甲乙》作腋。之间上
《灵枢》有次指二字，之后下有陷中者三字。）行于支沟，支沟者，腕上三寸两骨间陷者中也，
为经；入于天井，天井者，在肘外大骨之上陷者
中也，为合，屈时而得之；（《明堂》在肘外大骨之后，肘后一寸两筋间陷中也。平按∶《灵枢》
腕上作上腕，而得之作乃得之。）三焦下输，在于足太阳之前，少阳之后，出于 中外廉，名曰
委阳，此太阳之络也。手少阳经也。（上焦如雾，中焦如沤，下焦如渎，此三焦之气上下皆通，
故上输在背第十三椎下两旁各一寸半，下输在此太阳之间出 外廉足太阳络。三焦下行气聚之处，
故曰下输也。平按∶《灵枢》足太阳作足大趾。）足三焦者，太阳之所将，太阳之别也，上踝五
寸，而别入贯 肠，出于委阳，并太阳之正，入络膀胱下焦，（ ，遄免反，腓肠也。肾间动气，
足太阳将原气别使三焦之气，出足外侧大骨下赤白肉际陷中为原，上踝五寸，别入贯 肠，出委阳，
并太阳之正，入腹络膀胱，下焦即膀胱也。原气太阳络于膀胱，节约膀胱，使溲便调也。
以此三焦原气行足，故名足三焦也。平按∶《灵枢》三焦上无足字，太阳之所将作少阳太阴之所
将，注云∶一本作太阳。）盛则闭 ，虚则遗溺，遗溺则补，闭 则泻。小肠上合于手太阳，出于
少泽，少泽者，小指之端也，为井；（《明堂》一名少吉，去爪甲下一分陷中。平按∶《灵枢》
盛作实，小肠上有手太阳三字，井下有金字。）溜于前谷，前谷者，手小指本节之前陷者中也，为
荣；（《明堂》在手小指外侧中也。平按∶小指《灵枢》作外廉。）注于后溪，后溪者，本节之后也，
为输；（《明堂》在手小指外侧本节后陷中也。平按∶本节上《灵枢》有在手外侧四字。）过于完
骨，完骨者，在手外侧腕骨之前也，为原；（《明堂》在手外侧腕前起骨下陷中。即此起骨为腕骨，
此经名完骨。胡端反。平按∶完骨《灵枢》、《甲乙》作腕骨。）
行于阳谷，阳谷者，在兑骨之下陷者中也，为经；（《明堂》在手外侧腕中兑骨之下也。平按∶
[Ping An]: This chapter, from the beginning to the end, is found in *Lingshu* (Spiritual Pivot), Volume 1, Chapter 2 "Ben Shu" (Roots and Acupoints). From the Lung meridian's Jing-well point Shaoshang downwards, the content is scattered across chapters 24 to 35 of Volume 3 of *Jiayi Jing* (Systematic Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion). Although the meanings are largely identical, the arrangement order and textual complexity differ. From "The Lung combines with the Large Intestine" to "that which combines," it is found in Chapter 3 of Volume 1 of *Jiayi Jing*.
Yellow Emperor asked Qibo: In all matters of acupuncture, one must understand the starting and ending points of the twelve primary meridians. (The three Yin meridians of the hand start from the chest and end at the fingers; the three Yang meridians of the hand start from the fingers and end at the head. The three Yang meridians of the foot start from the head and end at the feet; the three Yin meridians of the foot start from the feet and end at the abdomen. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* writes "meridians" as "jingluo".) The starting points where collateral vessels branch off. (The fifteen Luo-connecting vessels all branch off from the primary meridians of the Zang and Fu organs and enter elsewhere. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* writes "bieqi" as "biechu".) The sites where Qi stagnates and accumulates at the Five Shu points (Jing-well, Ying-spring, Shu-stream, Jing-river, He-sea). (Qi flows out from the Jing-well points and stagnates at the He-sea points. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* lacks the character "zhi".) The combinations between the five Zang organs and six Fu organs. (The five Zang and their six meridians constitute the interior; the six Fu and their six meridians constitute the exterior, forming interior-exterior pairs. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* lacks the characters "wuzang".) The entry and exit of seasonal influences. (In autumn and winter, Yang Qi enters from the skin surface into the bone marrow, while Yin Qi exits from the interior to the skin surface; in spring and summer, Yin Qi enters from the skin surface into the bone marrow, while Yang Qi exits from the interior to the skin surface.) The circulation of Qi within the Zang and Fu organs. (Zang and Fu Qi originates from Ying-nourishing and Wei-protective Qi and circulates throughout the body. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* writes "zangfu" as "wuzang" and "liuxing" as "liuchu".) The measurements of width and density of the meridians. (The width and density of Ying and Wei Qi circulation.) The states of depth and superficiality. (Collateral vessels are superficial; primary meridians are deep.) The extent of their high and low reaches. I wish to hear your explanation. (Meridians extend high to the head and low to the feet. Regarding these nine principles, I request to hear them all explained.)
Qibo replied: Let me explain them in sequence. (Sequence refers to the order of the Five Shu points—Jing-well, Ying-spring, Shu-stream, Jing-river, He-sea—and their corresponding Yin-Yang and Five Elements progression.)
The Lung meridian's Jing-well point is Shaoshang. Shaoshang is located at the medial tip of the thumb and belongs to the Jing-well category. (The Lung meridian originates from the internal organ and travels to the tip of the index finger. Here, mentioning the thumb tip indicates returning to the organ, following the method of counting backwards from the hand along the forward-flowing meridian. 'Jing' (Well): Ancient people called the source where spring water emerges a 'well'. After digging to find water, it retains the name of its source, hence 'Well'. Human Blood and Qi emerge from the four limbs, so the point where the pulse emerges is called a Well. All three Yin meridians of the hand and foot use Wood as their Jing-well point, generating through to the Water He-sea point; all three Yang meridians use Metal as their Jing-well point, generating through to the Earth He-sea point. This is what is meant by Yin meridians emerging from Yang and combining at Yin, and Yang meridians emerging from Yin and combining at Earth. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* and *Jiayi Jing* add the character "duan" (tip) after "zhi" (finger), and add "mu" (Wood) after "jing" (well).) Qi flows into Yuji. Yuji is located on the thenar eminence (the fleshy part of the palm resembling a fish) and belongs to the Ying-spring category. (Behind the large joint of the wrist, shaped like a fish, hence called 'Hand Fish'. Pulse Qi flows from Shaoshang and overflows into Yuji, thus named Ying-spring. Pronounced 'jiong'.) Qi pours into Taiyuan. Taiyuan is located in the depression below the thenar eminence and belongs to the Shu-stream category. ('Shu' means to transport and gather. *Nanjing* (Classic of Difficult Issues) states: The Shu points of the Zang organs are where Qi of the San Jiao (Triple Burner) stagnates and accumulates. Thus, Lung Qi and San Jiao Qi are transported and gathered here, hence named Shu. [Ping An]: Taiyuan is written as "Taiquan" in *Lingshu* and *Jiayi Jing*; see previous notes. The character "xia" (below) is written as "yi cun" (one inch) in *Lingshu*; "shu" is written as "yu"; *Jiayi Jing* also writes it as "yu", not repeated below.) Qi travels through Jingqu. Jingqu is located at the Cun Kou (radial pulse position), pulsating without stopping, and belongs to the Jing-river category. (At Cun Kou, the twelve meridians pass through channels, hence named Jingqu. 'Ju' means stop. The Taiyin Lung meridian pulses continuously at Cun Kou, hence 'not stopping'. 'Jing' means passage; Lung Qi is constantly passing here, hence named Jing. [Ping An]: *Qianjin Fang* has the six characters "guoyu Lique wei yuan" (passing through Lieque as Yuan) before "Xing yu Jingqu".) Qi enters Chize. Chize is located at the arterial pulse in the center of the elbow crease and belongs to the He-sea category; it is the He-sea point of the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. (Just as water flows from a well to merge with the sea, pulse Qi flows from the finger's Jing-well point and merges here with the Qi of its home organ, hence named He-sea. Explanations for the other ten Shu points follow this pattern. The names and meanings of all Shu points have been fully explained in *Mingtang*.)
The Pericardium (Hand-Shouyin) meridian's Jing-well point is Zhongchong. Zhongchong is located at the tip of the middle finger and belongs to the Jing-well category; Qi flows into Laogong. Laogong is located in the center of the palm, between the proximal phalanx of the middle finger and the palm, and belongs to the Ying-spring category. (*Mingtang* calls it the Five Star point; it is an arterial pulse in the palm. [Ping An]: *Jiayi Jing* writes "Xin" (Heart) as "Xinzhu" (Pericardium). *Lingshu* adds "mu" (Wood) after "jing" (well).) Qi pours into Daling. Daling is located in the depression below between the two bones behind the wrist and belongs to the Shu-stream category. [Ping An]: *Qianjin Fang* has the six characters "guoyu Neiguan wei yuan" (passing through Neiguan as Yuan) after "wei shu" (is Shu). "Liang gu zhi jian fang xia zhe ye" (that which is below between the two bones) is written as "Liang jian jian xian zhe zhong" (in the depression between the two tendons) in *Jiayi Jing*. Qi travels through Jianshi. Jianshi is located between the two tendons, three cun from the wrist; when there is pathology, Qi arrives here; when healthy, Qi stops here, and it belongs to the Jing-river category. (Fang xia means the depression. San cun zhi zhong means the vicinity of three cun. If there is deficiency or excess pathology, Qi is driven to this point; if no pathology, it does not reach, thus stopping. *Mingtang*, under this Hand-Shouyin meridian, lists the Five Shu points of the Hand-Shaoyin Heart meridian. This text states that the Heart does not accept pathogenic factors, so the Hand-Shaoyin meridian has no Shu points. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* adds the character "zhi" (of) after "dao" (pathway).) Qi enters Quze. Quze is located in the depression below the medial border of the elbow, obtained by flexing the arm, and belongs to the He-sea category; it is the He-sea point of the Hand-Shouyin (Pericardium) Meridian.
The Liver meridian's Jing-well point is Dadun. Dadun is located at the tip of the big toe and among the hair tuft, and belongs to the Jing-well category. (Both the tip of the big toe and the hair tuft refer to Dadun, the Jing-well point of the Jueyin meridian. [Ping An]: *Jiayi Jing* writes "qu er de zhi" (obtained by flexing) as "qu zhou de zhi" (obtained by flexing the elbow). *Lingshu* writes "Shouxin zhu" (Hand Pericardium) as "Shao Yin". *Lingshu* adds "mu" (Wood) after "jing" (well).) Qi flows into Xingjian. Xingjian is located between the big toe and the second toe and belongs to the Ying-spring category. (*Mingtang* records that the Foot-Jueyin Liver meridian pulse is palpable. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* adds the character "zu" (foot) before "dazhi" (big toe).) Qi pours into Taichong. Taichong is located in the depression two cun above Xingjian and belongs to the Shu-stream category. (*Mingtang* records it is in the depression two cun or one and a half cun distal to the metatarsophalangeal joint. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* lacks the characters "zhe" (that) and "er" (two) after "xingjian shang" (above Xingjian).) Qi travels through Zhongfeng. Zhongfeng is located in the depression one and a half cun anterior to the medial malleolus; if Qi flow is obstructed, it stagnates; if harmonized, it flows freely; it can be located by moving the foot, and belongs to the Jing-river category. (Qi movement is called 'shi'. 'Wan' means not extending, blocked. *Mingtang* records it is one cun anterior to the medial malleolus, taken with the foot dorsiflexed, in the depression. It is obtained by extending the foot. [Ping An]: *Qianjin Fang* has "guoyu Zhongfeng wei yuan, xing yu Zhong... wei jing" (passing through Zhongfeng as Yuan, traveling through Zhong... as Jing), which differs from this text.) Qi enters Ququan. Ququan is located below the fibular condyle and above the large tendon, obtained by flexing the knee, and belongs to the He-sea category; it is the He-sea point of the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. (*Mingtang* records it is below the medial tibial condyle, above the large tendon, below the small tendon, in the depression.)
The Spleen meridian's Jing-well point is Yinbai. Yinbai is located at the medial tip of the big toe and belongs to the Jing-well category; Qi flows into Dadu. Dadu is located in the depression posterior to the first metatarsophalangeal joint and belongs to the Ying-spring category; Qi pours into Taibai. Taibai is located below the nuclear bone (first metatarsal head) and belongs to the Shu-stream category. (The nuclear bone is posterior to the big toe's proximal joint, anterior to the navicular tuberosity's prominence. 'He' sounds like 'jing ge fan'. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* adds "mu" (Wood) after "jing"; Dadu is written as "Tai Du". The character 'He' was mistakenly printed as 'wan' (wrist) in the Yuan edition; annotation same. Note: 'He' sounds like 'jing ge fan'; Yuan edition lacks these four characters.) Qi travels through Shangqiu. Shangqiu is located in the depression below the medial malleolus and belongs to the Jing-river category. (*Mingtang* records it is slightly anterior to the medial malleolus. [Ping An]: *Qianjin Fang* has the six characters "guoyu Gongsun wei yuan" (passing through Gongsun as Yuan) before "Xing yu Shangqiu".) Qi enters Yinlingquan. Yinlingquan is located in the depression below the tibial condyle, obtained by flexing and extending, and belongs to the He-sea category; it is the He-sea point of the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian. (Below the medial tibial condyle of the knee. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* lacks "qu" (flex); below "Taiyin" lacks "jing" (meridian).)
The Kidney meridian's Jing-well point is Yongquan. Yongquan is located in the center of the sole of the foot and belongs to the Jing-well category. (*Mingtang* also calls it Dizhong. [Ping An]: Yongquan is written as "Xun Quan" in *Lingshu* and *Jiayi Jing*. *Lingshu* adds "mu" (Wood) after "jing" (well).) Qi flows into Ran Gu. Ran Gu is located below the calcaneal prominence (Ran Gu) and belongs to the Ying-spring category. (*Mingtang* also calls it Longquan, located in the depression below the large bone arising anterior to the medial malleolus. This large bone is the Ran Gu.) Qi pours into Taixi. Taixi is located in the depression posterior to the medial malleolus and superior to the calcaneus and belongs to the Shu-stream category. (*Mingtang* records the arterial pulse above the calcaneus. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* writes Taixi as "Da Xi"; "xian xia" lacks "zhe zhi" (that of). For Shu, *Qianjin Fang* has "guoyu Shuiquan wei yuan" (passing through Shuiquan as Yuan).) Qi travels through Fuliou. Fuliou is located two cun above the medial malleolus, pulsating continuously, and belongs to the Jing-river category. (*Mingtang* also calls it Changyang and Fubai; Foot-Shaoyin Kidney meridian, pulsating without rest. [Ping An]: Fuliou is written as "Fuliu" in *Jiayi Jing*. Above the ankle, *Lingshu* and *Jiayi Jing* add "nei" (inner). Below "er cun", *Jiayi Jing* adds "xian zhe zhong" (depression).) Qi enters Yingu. Yingu is located posterior to the tibial condyle, below the large tendon, and above the small tendon; it responds to pressure and is obtained by flexing the knee, and belongs to the He-sea category; it is the He-sea point of the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. (*Mingtang* records it is posterior to the medial tibial condyle of the knee. 'An ying shou' means feeling a distinct sensation upon pressing.)
The Bladder meridian's Jing-well point is Zhiyin. Zhiyin is located at the tip of the little toe and belongs to the Jing-well category. (*Mingtang* records it is on the lateral side of the little toe, distance from the nail corner like the width of a leek leaf. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* adds "jin" (Metal) after "jing" (well).) Qi flows into Tonggu. Tonggu is located anterior to the proximal phalanx joint and belongs to the Ying-spring category. (*Mingtang* records Tonggu is in the depression anterior to the proximal phalanx joint on the lateral side of the little toe. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* adds "wai ce ye" (lateral side) after "qian" (anterior).) Qi pours into Shugu. Shugu is located posterior to the proximal phalanx joint and belongs to the Shu-stream category. (*Mingtang* records it is in the depression posterior to the proximal phalanx joint on the lateral side of the little toe. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* adds "xian zhe zhong" (depression) after "hou" (posterior).) Qi passes through Jinggu. Jinggu is located below the lateral malleolus and belongs to the Yuan-source category. (The vital qi below the navel is the root of human life and the foundation of the twelve meridians, hence named Yuan-source. The San Jiao is the special envoy of Yuan-source Qi, primarily transporting the Three Qi to manage the five Zang and six Fu organs. Thus, Yuan-source is a respectful title for the San Jiao, so all five Zang and six Fu organs have Yuan-source points. The Lung's Yuan-source emerges from Taiyuan; the Heart's from Daling; the Liver's from Taichong; the Spleen's from Taibai; the Kidney's from Taixi; the Hand-Shaoyin Heart meridian's Yuan-source emerges from Shenmen, at the tip of the radial styloid process behind the wrist. All these use the Shu-stream point as the Yuan-source because the Shu-stream is where Qi of the San Jiao stagnates and accumulates. The Yuan-source points of the six Fu organs: Gallbladder's emerges from Qiuxu; Stomach's from Chongyang; Large Intestine's from Hegu; Small Intestine's from Wanggu; Bladder's from Jinggu; San Jiao's from Yangchi. The six Fu organs are Yang; San Jiao travels through all Yang meridians, so one Shu point is named Yuan-source, not matching the Five Times. Thus, the Fu organs have six Shu points, sharing one Qi with the San Jiao. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* writes "wai huai" (lateral malleolus) as "wai ce da gu" (four characters: lateral side large bone). Yuan-source is written as "yuan" in *Qianjin Fang*, same below.) Qi travels through Kunlun. Kunlun is located posterior to the lateral malleolus and superior to the calcaneus and belongs to the Jing-river category; Qi enters Weizhong. Weizhong is located in the center of the popliteal fossa and belongs to the He-sea category; obtained by flexing the knee, it is the He-sea point of the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian. (*Mingtang* records the arterial pulse in the center of the popliteal crease. [Ping An]: *Jiayi Jing* adds seven characters "xian zhong xi mai dong ying shou" (depression, fine pulse moves and responds to touch) after "zhi shang" (above). In *Lingshu*, "zhong ye" (center is) has "ye" written as "yang"; below "Taiyang" lacks "jing" (meridian).)
The Gallbladder meridian's Jing-well point is Qiaoyin. Qiaoyin is located at the tip of the fourth toe (little toe secondary toe) and belongs to the Jing-well category. (*Mingtang* records the tip of the fourth toe, distance from the nail corner like the width of a leek leaf. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* adds "jin" (Metal) after "jing" (well).) Qi flows into Xiaxi. Xiaxi is located between the fourth and fifth toes and belongs to the Ying-spring category. (*Mingtang* records in the depression anterior to the proximal phalanx joint between the divergent bones of the fourth and fifth toes. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* adds "zu" (foot) before "xiao zhi" (little toe).) Qi pours into Linqi. Linqi is located in the depression one and a half cun superiorly and belongs to the Shu-stream category. (*Mingtang* records in the depression between the skin of the proximal phalanx of the fourth and fifth toes, one and a half cun from Xiaxi. [Ping An]: *Jiayi Jing* writes "zhu pi jian" (note skin space) as "hou jian" (posterior space).) Qi passes through Qiuxu. Qiuxu is located in the depression below the lateral malleolus and belongs to the Yuan-source category. (*Mingtang* records in the depression below the lateral malleolus as described, three cun from Linqi. [Ping An]: Xu is written as "xu" in *Lingshu* and *Jiayi Jing*. Before "xia xian" (below depression), *Lingshu* adds "qian" (anterior). Note: Distance from Linqi three cun, *Jiayi Jing* writes "distance from Linqi one cun".) Qi travels through Yangfu. Yangfu is located above the lateral malleolus, anterior to the fibula, and at the end of the絕骨 (fibular neck), and belongs to the Jing-river category. (*Mingtang* lacks "ji" (and); ji means both places. [Ping An]: *Jiayi Jing* adds "si cun" (four cun) after "fu gu shang" (above fibula). Below "duan" (end), *Jiayi Jing* adds nine characters "ru qian san fen qu Qiuxu qi cun" (like anterior three fen, seven cun from Qiuxu).) Qi enters Yanglingquan. Yanglingquan is located in the depression lateral to the knee and belongs to the He-sea category; obtained by extending the foot, it is the He-sea point of the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian. (*Mingtang* records below the lateral border of the knee. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* writes "wai xi" (outer knee) as "zai xi" (at knee); below "shen" (extend) lacks "zu" (foot).)
The Stomach meridian's Jing-well point is Lidui. Lidui is located medially at the big toe and at the tip of the second toe and belongs to the Jing-well category. (*Mingtang* records distance from the nail corner like the width of a leek leaf. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* adds "jin" (Metal) after "jing" (well).) Qi flows into Neiting. Neiting is located in the depression between the lateral sides of the second and third toes and belongs to the Ying-spring category. (*Mingtang* records between the lateral sides of the big toe and second toe. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* lacks "xian zhe zhong" (depression) after "wai jian" (lateral space).) Qi pours into Xangu. Xangu is located in the depression two cun superiorly between the medial spaces of the middle toes (referring to the web between the second and third toes) and belongs to the Shu-stream category. (*Mingtang* records in the depression between the skin of the proximal phalanx on the lateral side of the big toe and second toe, two cun from Neiting. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* adds "shang" (superior) after "Xangu zhe" (Xangu is). Note: Pi character, *Jiayi Jing* writes "hou" (posterior).) Qi passes through Chongyang. Chongyang is located in the depression five cun above the dorsum of the foot and belongs to the Yuan-source category; obtained by moving the foot. (*Mingtang* also called Huiyuan, arterial pulse above the bone between the five cun on the dorsum of the foot, three cun from Xangu. [Ping An]: Fu is written as "Fu" in *Jiayi Jing*.) Qi travels through JieXi. JieXi is located in the depression one and a half cun above Chongyang and belongs to the Jing-river category. (*Mingtang* records one and a half cun posterior to Chongyang at the ankle.) Qi enters Xialing. Xialing is located three cun below the knee, specifically Zusanli on the lateral side of the tibia, and belongs to the He-sea category; another three cun down is Juliu Shanglian (Upper Edge of Giant Void); another three cun down is Juliu Xialian (Lower Edge of Giant Void). The Large Intestine's Qi attaches to the upper edge, the Small Intestine's Qi attaches to the lower edge; this is the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. The Large Intestine and Small Intestine both attach to this; it is the Foot-Yangming Meridian. (Human knees resemble hills; three cun below the hill, one cun is one li. Below Zusanli, at the upper and lower boundaries of the three cun section, the upper boundary is Shanglian, the lower is Xialian. Because it is on the lateral side of the tibia, it is named Lian. The Foot-Yangming meridian travels through this void; Large Intestine Qi merges with Yangming at Shanglian, Small Intestine Qi merges with Yangming at Xialian, hence saying Large Intestine attaches to upper, Small Intestine to lower. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* adds "gu" (bone) after "". Below the first "fu xia" (again below), there are "san li" (three li); below the second "fu xia", there are "shang lian" (upper edge). "Jie shuyu ci" is written as "jie shuyu wei" (all attach to stomach).)
The San Jiao (Triple Burner) meridian combines superiorly with the Hand-Shaoyang San Jiao Meridian. Its Jing-well point is Guanchong. Guanchong is located at the tip of the ring finger (fourth finger) and belongs to the Jing-well category; Qi flows into Yemen. Yemen is located between the ring and little fingers and belongs to the Ying-spring category; Qi pours into Zhongzhu. Zhongzhu is located posterior to the proximal phalanx joint and belongs to the Shu-stream category; Qi passes through Yangchi. Yangchi is located in the depression above the wrist and belongs to the Yuan-source category. (Yangchi, *Mingtang* also called Bieyang, located in the depression above the wrist on the dorsal aspect. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* adds "jin" (Metal) after "jing"; Yemen is written as "Yemen" in *Lingshu* and "Ye" in *Jiayi Jing*. Before "zhi jian" (between), *Lingshu* adds "ci zhi" (secondary finger); after "zhi hou" (after joint), *Lingshu* adds "xian zhong zhe" (depression).) Qi travels through Zhigou. Zhigou is located in the depression between the two bones three cun above the wrist and belongs to the Jing-river category; Qi enters Tianjing. Tianjing is located in the depression above the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and belongs to the He-sea category; obtained by flexing the elbow. (*Mingtang* records posterior to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, in the depression between the two tendons one cun behind the elbow. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* writes "wan shang" (above wrist) as "shang wan" (upper wrist); "er de zhi" (and obtained) as "nai de zhi" (then obtained).) The inferior He-sea point of the San Jiao is located anterior to the Foot-Taiyang meridian and posterior to the Foot-Shaoyang meridian, emerging at the lateral margin of the popliteal fossa, named Weiyang. This is the collateral vessel of the Taiyang meridian and the inferior He-sea point of the Hand-Shaoyang San Jiao Meridian. (Superior Jiao is like mist, Middle Jiao is like fermentation, Inferior Jiao is like a drain. The Qi of these three Jiaos communicates up and down. Thus, the superior He-sea is at the back, one and a half cun lateral to the spinous process of the 13th thoracic vertebra. The inferior He-sea is here, between the Taiyang meridian, emerging at the lateral margin of the popliteal fossa into the Foot-Taiyang collateral. Where San Jiao Qi gathers as it descends, hence named inferior He-sea. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* writes "zu tai yang" (Foot-Taiyang) as "zu da zhi" (Foot-big toe).) The Foot-San Jiao is commanded by the Taiyang meridian; it is a branch of the Taiyang meridian. Ascending five cun above the ankle, it branches off, penetrates the gastrocnemius muscle, emerges at Weiyang, joins the main channel of the Taiyang meridian, enters the abdomen to connect with the Bladder and Inferior Jiao. (Gastrocnemius, sound "chuan mian fan". Vital Qi in the kidney region: Foot-Taiyang takes Yuan-source Qi as a special envoy to guide San Jiao Qi. It emerges at the depression between red and white flesh below the large bone of the lateral foot as the Yuan-source point, ascends five cun above the ankle, branches off to penetrate the gastrocnemius, emerges at Weiyang, joins the main channel of Taiyang, enters the abdomen to connect with the Bladder. The Inferior Jiao is the Bladder. Yuan-source Qi connects with the Bladder via Taiyang, regulating the Bladder to ensure normal urination. Because this San Jiao Yuan-source Qi travels through the foot, it is named Foot-San Jiao. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* lacks "zu" (foot) before "San Jiao"; "tai yang zhi suo jiang" is written as "shao yang tai yin zhi suo jiang" (commanded by Shaoyang and Taiyin), note says: one version writes "tai yang".) When full/excess, there is urinary retention; when deficient, there is enuresis. Enuresis is treated with tonification; urinary retention is treated with sedation.
The Small Intestine meridian combines superiorly with the Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian. Its Jing-well point is Shaoze. Shaoze is located at the tip of the little finger and belongs to the Jing-well category. (*Mingtang* also called Shaoji, one fen below the nail corner in the depression. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* writes "sheng" (full) as "shi" (excess); before "Xiao Chang" (Small Intestine) adds "Shou Tai Yang" (Hand-Taiyang); *Lingshu* adds "jin" (Metal) after "jing" (well).) Qi flows into Qian Gu. Qian Gu is located in the depression anterior to the proximal phalanx joint of the little finger and belongs to the Ying-spring category. (*Mingtang* records in the center of the lateral side of the little finger. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* writes "xiao zhi" (little finger) as "wai lian" (lateral border).) Qi pours into Houxi. Houxi is located posterior to the proximal phalanx joint and belongs to the Shu-stream category. (*Mingtang* records in the depression posterior to the proximal phalanx joint on the lateral side of the little finger. [Ping An]: *Lingshu* adds "zai shou wai ce" (on the lateral side of the hand) before "ben jie" (proximal joint).) Qi passes through Wangu. Wangu is located anterior to the carpal bone on the lateral side of the hand and belongs to the Yuan-source category. (*Mingtang* records in the depression below the bone arising anterior to the wrist on the lateral side of the hand. This arising bone is the carpal bone; this meridian names it Wangu. Wang, sound "hu duan fan". [Ping An]: Wangu is written as "Wangu" (Carpal Bone) in *Lingshu* and *Jiayi Jing*. Qi travels through Yanggu. Yanggu is located in the depression below the ulnar styloid process (Dui Gu) and belongs to the Jing-river category. (*Mingtang* records below the Dui Gu in the wrist on the lateral side of the hand. [Ping An]: