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(“Dui” in *Ling Shu* is written as “Rui.”) The needle enters Xiaohai (Small Sea, SI8), which is located outside the large bone on the medial side of the elbow, in a depression half a cun from the end of the elbow; it can be found by extending the arm. It is the He-Sea point and belongs to the Hand-Taiyang Channel. (*Ming Tang* states that it is obtained by flexing the elbow. Ping An: In *Ling Shu*, there is no character "elbow" after "end".) The Large Intestine channel connects upward with the Hand-Yangming Channel, emerging at Shangyang (Shang Yang, LI1). Shangyang is at the radial corner of the index finger, serving as the Jing-Well point. (*Ming Tang* records that this point is also named Er Ming or Jue Yang, located on the radial side of the index finger, about the width of a leek leaf from the nail corner. Ping An: In *Ling Shu*, there is a character "Jin" after "Well".) Qi flows into Erjian (Two Interstices, LI2), which is located before the proximal interphalangeal joint, serving as the Ying-Spring point. (*Ming Tang* records that Erjian is in the depression on the medial side before the proximal interphalangeal joint of the thumb and index finger. Ping An: In *Ling Shu*, above "serving as Ying-Spring", it reads "flows into two interstices before the proximal joint" as eight characters.) Qi pours into Sanjian (Three Interstices, LI3), which is located after the proximal interphalangeal joint, serving as the Shu-Stream point. (*Ming Tang* records that this point is also named Shao Gu, located in the depression on the medial side after the proximal interphalangeal joint of the thumb and index finger. Ping An: This section in *Ling Shu* reads "pours into three interstices after the proximal joint serving as Shu-Stream".) Qi passes through Hegu (Union Valley, LI4), which is located between the thumb and index finger, serving as the Yuan-Source point. (*Ming Tang* records that this point is also named Hu Kou (Tiger's Mouth), located between the divergent bones of the thumb. Ping An: In *Ling Shu*, the characters "divergent bones" appear after "thumb".) Qi travels along Yangxi (Yang Stream, LI5), which is located in the depression between the two tendons, serving as the Jing-River point. (*Ming Tang* records that this point is also named Zhong Huai, located between the two tendons on the dorsal-radial side of the wrist. Ping An: *Jia Yi Jing* renders "between the two tendons" as "on both sides of the upper side of the wrist" as seven characters. Note on Zhong Huai: *Jia Yi Jing* writes it as Zhong Kui.) Qi enters Quchi (Pool at the Bend, LI11), which is located in the depression at the bend of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus; it can be found by flexing the elbow. It is the He-Sea point and belongs to the Hand-Yangming Channel. These are called the Shu points of the Zang and Fu organs. The five Zang organs each have five Shu points, totaling twenty-five; the six Fu organs each have six Shu points, totaling thirty-six. (The Heart does not receive pathogenic factors, so the Hand-Shaoyin Channel has no independent Shu points; thus, the five Zang organs' Shu points total twenty-five. According to *Ming Tang*, the Hand-Shaoyin Channel also has five Shu points, making a total of thirty. The six Fu organs have Yuan-Source points, hence thirty-six. These are all points where Qi of the Zang and Fu organs converges, hence named Shu. Ping An: *Ling Shu* lacks the three characters "Quchi zhe"; "fuzhu gu zhi zhong" is rendered as "fugu xian zhe zhong"; *Jia Yi Jing* renders it as "fugu zou gu zhi zhong". "Flex elbow" in *Ling Shu* is "flex arm".) The Qi of the six Fu organs emerges from the Foot-Taiyang channels and connects upward with the Hand-Taiyang channels. (The Foot-Yangming channel connects upward with the Hand-Yangming; the Foot-Taiyang connects upward with the Hand-Taiyang; the Foot-Shaoyang connects upward with the Hand-Shaoyang.) In the center of the Quepen (Fence Gap) is the Ren Mai (Conception Vessel), named Tiantu (Heavenly Prominence, CV22). Next to the Ren Mai, the pulsating artery of the Foot-Yangming channel is named Renying (Human Welcome, ST9); next is the pulse of the Hand-Yangming channel, named Futu (Supporting Prominence, LI18); next is the pulse of the Hand-Taiyang channel, named Tianchuang (Heavenly Window, SI16); next is the pulse of the Foot-Shaoyang channel, named Tianrong (Heavenly Capacity, GB19); next is the pulse of the Hand-Shaoyang channel, named Tianyou (Heavenly Aperture, TE15); next is the pulse of the Foot-Taiyang channel, named Tianzhu (Heavenly Pillar, BL10); next is the Du Mai (Governing Vessel) in the center of the nape, named Fengfu (Wind Palace, GV16); the pulsating artery inside the armpit is the Hand-Taiyin channel, named Tianfu (Heavenly Mansion, LU3). Three cun below the armpit is the Pericardium channel, named Tianchi (Heavenly Pool, PC1). (This describes the sequence of pulses in the chest, nape, neck, and armpits. The Ren Mai, being Yin, resides in the anterior midline; the Du Mai, being Yang, resides in the posterior midline. To the left and right of the Ren Mai follow the six Yang channels; in the lateral armpits run the two Yin channels. These ten Shu points are key to the pulses. Ping An: There is a character "one" after Tiantu in *Ling Shu*. From here on, numbers such as two, three, four, five, six, seven appear above "next" (ci). The original copy of this book has small "two" characters annotated on the left. "Center of the nape" in *Ling Shu* is "center of the neck". Originally, there was still a small "two" after Fengfu, but *Ling Shu* omits it. "Ye" in *Ling Shu* is "axilla". Note on "chest-nape": Yuan Ke edition writes "chest-top".) When needling Shangguan (Upper Pass, ST7), one cannot open the mouth; (When opening the mouth, there is a gap at Shangguan; needling would cause injury, so one must not open the mouth, hence cannot yawn/open wide.) When needling Xiaguan (Lower Pass, ST7), one cannot close the mouth when yawning/opening wide. (When closing the mouth, there is a gap at Xiaguan; needling would cause injury, so one must not close the mouth, hence cannot close tightly.) When needling Djubi (Calf's Nose, ST35), one cannot extend the leg when flexing; (Djubi is below the patella, in the middle of the large tendon flanking the tibia. Needling injures the tendon; tendon pathology causes inability to extend. *Ming Tang* has no contraindication.) When needling Neiguan (Inner Pass, PC6), one cannot flex the fingers when extending. (Neiguan is two cun distal to the wrist crease on the palm side, connecting to the Hand-Shaoyang channel, and is the Luo-Connecting point of the Pericardium. *Ming Tang* has no contraindication, but needling may injure the bone; bone injury causes inability to flex. Ping An: Neiguan in *Ling Shu* is "Liang Guan". The character "zhe" is erroneously printed as "yin" in Yuan Ke edition.) The Hand-Yangming channel runs externally, not reaching within one cun of the curved cheekbone. (The Hand-Yangming channel ascends from Quepen through the neck, penetrates the cheek, and enters the lower teeth, not reaching the curved cheekbone; thus, one cun away from the curved cheekbone is its limit. Ping An: Above "Hand-Yangming", *Ling Shu* has fourteen characters: "Foot-Yangming挟 throat arterial pulse... in the chest". "Its exterior" in *Ling Shu* is "its [missing char] exterior".) The Hand-Taiyang channel faces the curved cheekbone. (The Hand-Taiyang channel follows the neck up to the cheek. Cheek refers to the curved cheekbone, near the jaw hinge.) The Foot-Shaoyang channel is behind the curved cheekbone below the ear. (A branch of the Foot-Shaoyang channel exits the ear, goes forward to the front of the ear, reaches the lateral canthus, thus located behind the curved cheekbone below the ear.) The Hand-Shaoyang channel emerges behind the ear and goes upward above Wanggu (Complete Bone, GB12). (The Hand-Shaoyang channel ascends the neck, flanks the ear posteriorly, thus going straight up to the upper angle of the ear; Wanggu is behind the ear, thus going upward above Wanggu.) The Foot-Taiyang channel flanks the hairline in the middle of the large tendons of the nape. (The hairline between the two large tendons is where the Taiyang Shu points are located.) The arterial pulse in the Yin Chi (Inch/Ruler) region is at Wuli (Five Li, LI10), which is a contraindicated point for the Five Shu points. (Yang pulses are called Cun, so Yin pulses are called Chi. In the Yin Chi region, the Zang organ arteries are located above Wuli and the major pulses of the Five Shu points. *Ming Tang* states: Wuli is three cun above the elbow, where the Qi of the Hand-Yangming channel manifests. It lies in the center of the major pulse running inward. It is forbidden to needle, but moxibustion of ten moxa cones is allowed, treating left disease with right points and vice versa. The major pulse refers to the transmission site of the major Qi of the five Zang organs. Therefore, needling is forbidden but moxibustion is permitted.) The Lung combines with the Large Intestine; the Large Intestine is the Fu organ of conduction. (It conducts waste downward.) The Heart combines with the Small Intestine; the Small Intestine is the Fu organ of reception and storage. (The stomach digests waste, and the small intestine receives and stores it.) The Liver combines with the Gallbladder; the Gallbladder is the Fu organ containing essence. (Unlike the stomach and intestines which receive and conduct waste, the gallbladder only stores essence and fluids.) The Spleen combines with the Stomach; the Stomach is the Fu organ of the five grains. (It receives the flavors of the five grains.) The Kidney combines with the Bladder; the Bladder is the Fu organ of fluid transformation. (The bladder holds urine, hence called the Fu organ of fluids. Ping An: In *Ling Shu*, there is a character "Zhi" after "Fu".) The Shaoyin channel belongs to the Kidney. The Kidney connects upward to the Lung, thus governing two Zang organs. (The Foot-Shaoyin channel passes through the Liver into the Lung, hence said to connect upward. The Kidney receives Lung Qi, so the Kidney functions as two, governing two Zang organs. *Nan Jing* Chapter 81 states: The five Zang organs also comprise six, referring to the Kidney having two aspects. Ping An: In *Ling Shu*, "Shaoyin" is written as "Shaoyang"; there is no character "Yi" after "two Zang organs".) The Sanjiao (Triple Burner) is the Fu organ of middle conduits. Water pathways emerge from it. It belongs to the Bladder and is the solitary Fu organ. ("Middle" refers to the interior of the Zang and Fu. The Lower Jiao is like a ditch. Qi descends from the Upper Jiao. Fluids enter the Lower Jiao. The fluids of the Lower Jiao flow into the Bladder. Having no storage or pairing partner, it is called the solitary Fu organ. Ping An: In *Ling Shu*, there is a character "Yan" after "Chu".) These are the pairings of the six Fu organs. (Fu means gathering. The clear and turbid qi and flavors of the five grains all gather within, hence all six are named Fu. The solitary Fu internally communicates with the Qi of the other six Fu organs, hence called "combining".) In Spring, select the Luo-Collateral Ying-Spring points and the spaces between major meridians and muscles; for severe cases, needle deeply; for mild cases, needle shallowly. (In Spring, Yang Qi begins to generate weakly and cannot reach deep into the meridians, so select Luo-Collaterals, Ying-Spring points, and the spaces between major tendons and muscles.) In Summer, select various Shu-Stream points, Sun-Luo collaterals, and the surface of muscles and skin. (Yang Qi begins to grow, heat steams the Couli (pores), and reaches inward to the meridians. However, the pulse Qi remains weak, so select Shu-Stream points, Sun-Luo collaterals, and the surface of Couli, muscles, and skin. Ping An: In the note, "Ran You", the character "You" is erroneously printed as "Hou" in Yuan Ke edition.) In Autumn, select various He-Sea points, following the method of Spring. (Yin Qi begins to kill/restrict but is not yet strong, so select Shu-Stream and He-Sea points. In Spring, Yin Qi is weak due to decline, Yang Qi is subtle due to initial generation. In Autumn, Yang Qi is weak due to decline, Yin Qi is subtle due to initial generation. For mild diseases, follow the Spring method: select Luo-Collaterals, Ying-Spring points, and major meridian spaces, adjusting depth according to the severity of the disease.) (Ping An: In the note, above "follow the Spring method", the original text has the characters "Bing Jian" (mild disease), suspected to be an interpolation.) In Winter, select various Jing-Well and Shu-Stream points, needing deep insertion and retention. (In Winter, the Qi of the Foot-Shaoyin is urgent and tight, and the Qi of the Foot-Taiyang is hidden and sunken. Thus, select Jing-Well points to descend Yin Qi, and Ying-Spring points to tonify Yang Qi; all require deep needling.) This is the sequence of treatments for the four seasons. (Based on the order of treatment according to the four seasons.) The location where Qi resides. (Following the location of human Qi according to the four seasons.) The place where disease lodges. (Following the residence of pathogenic factors according to the four seasons. Ping An: "Suo Ju" in Yuan Ke edition is "Suo Ju" reversed to "Ju Su".) The appropriateness for the Zang organs. (Treating Zang organ diseases based on the appropriateness of the four seasons.) For muscle spasms (Zhuan Jin), stand while selecting points and needling; this can make the condition resolve immediately. (When standing, the pain of tendon pathology gathers, so use burning needles while standing.) For Wei-Jue (flaccidity and coldness of limbs), stretch the body while needling; this can bring immediate relief. (For flaccidity and coldness of limbs, stretching the body reveals the appropriate Shu points, then proceed with needling.)