平按∶此篇自篇首至末，见《灵枢》卷四第十三《经筋》篇，又见《甲乙经》卷二第六《经
筋》篇。
足太阳之筋，起于小指之上，结于踝，邪上结于膝，其下者，循足外侧结于踵，上循根结于
；其别者，结于 外，上 中内廉，与 中并上结于臀，上侠脊上项；其支者，别入结于舌本；
其直者，结于枕骨，上头下颜，结于鼻；其支者，为目上纲，下结于鼽；其下支者，从掖后外廉
结于肩 ；其支者，入掖下，上出缺盆，上结于完骨；其支者，出缺盆，邪上出于鼽。（十二经
筋与十二经脉，俱禀三阴三阳行于手足，故分为十二。但十二经脉主于血气，内营五脏六腑，外
营头身四肢。十二经筋内行胸腹郭中，不入五脏六腑。脉有经脉、络脉，筋有大筋、小筋、膜筋。
十二经筋起处与十二经脉流注并起于四末，然所起处有同有别。其有起维筋缓筋等，皆是大筋别
名。凡十二筋起处、结处及循结之处，皆撰为图画示人，上具如别传。小指上，谓足指表上也。
结，曲也，筋行回曲之处谓之结□结，经脉有却、筋有结也。颜，眉上也。下结于鼽，鼽中出气
之孔谓之鼻也，鼻形谓之鼽也。平按∶小指上《灵枢》、《甲乙》有足字。邪《甲乙》作斜。
侠《灵枢》作挟。颜《甲乙》作额。鼽《灵枢》作 。出于鼽《甲乙》作入于鼽。注俱禀袁刻误
作同禀。膜筋袁刻误作 筋。）其病小指支，跟踵痛， 挛，脊反折，项筋急，肩不举，掖支，
缺盆纫痛，不可左右摇。（纫，女巾反，谓转展痛也。平按∶挛下《甲乙》有急字。纫《灵枢》、
《甲乙》均作纽。）治在燔针劫刺，（病脉言针灸之，言筋病但言燔针者，但针灸汤药之道，多
通疗百病，然所便非无偏用之要也。）以知为数，（所以惟知病瘥为针度数，如病筋痛，一度劫刺
不瘥，可三四度，量其病瘥为数也。）以痛为输，（输，谓孔穴也。言筋但以筋之所痛之处，即
为孔穴，不必要须根据诸输也。以筋为阴阳气之所资，中无有空，不得通于阴阳之气上下往来，然
邪入腠袭筋为病，不能移输，遂以病居痛处为输，故曰筋者无阴无阳无左无右以候痛也。《明堂》
根据穴疗筋病者，此乃根据脉引筋气也。）名曰仲春痹。（圣人南面而立，上覆于天，下载于地，总
法于道，造化万物，故人法四大而生，所以人身俱应四大。故正月即是少阳，以阳始起，故曰少
阳；六月少阳，以阳衰少，故曰少阳。二月大阳，以其阳大，故曰大阳；五月大阳，以阳正大，
故曰大阳。三月四月阳明，二阳相合，故曰阳明。十二经筋，感寒湿风三种之气所生诸病，皆曰筋
痹。筋痹燔针为当，故偏用之。余脉、肉、皮、筋等痹，所宜各异也。）
足少阳之筋，起于小指次指之上，上结外踝，上循 外廉，结于膝外廉；其支者，起于外辅
骨，上走髀，前者结于伏兔之上，后者结于尻；（其支者，起外辅骨，凡有二支也。故前支上结伏
兔，后支上走髀，结于尻前也。平按∶次指下《灵枢》无之上二字， 作胫。伏兔下《甲乙》无之
上二字。）其直者，上 乘季胁，上走掖前廉，系于膺乳，结于缺盆；（ ，季胁下也，以沼反。
平按∶ 乘《灵枢》、《甲
乙》作乘 。）其直者，上出掖，贯缺盆，出太阳之前，循耳后上额角，交巅上，下走颔，上结于
鼽；其支者，结目外 为外维。其病足小指次指支转筋，引膝外转筋，膝不可屈伸， 中筋急，
前引髀，后引尻，上乘 季胁痛，上引缺盆膺乳颈，（外维，太阳为目上纲，阳明为目下纲 少
阳为目外维。平按∶《灵枢》鼽作 ，结目外 作结于外 ，小指上无足字，《甲乙》同。 中
《灵枢》、《甲乙》无中字。）维筋急，从左之右，右目不可开，（此筋本起于足，至项上而交，
至左右目，故左箱有病，引右箱目不得开，右箱有病，引左箱目不得开也。）上过右角，并乔脉
而行，左络于右，故伤左角，右足不用，命曰维筋相交。治在燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输，
名曰孟春痹。（乔脉至于目 ，故此筋交巅，左右下于目 ，与之并行也。筋既交于左右，故伤
左额角，右足不用，伤右额角，左足不用，以此维筋相交故也。）
足阳明之筋，起于中三指，结于跗上，邪外上加于辅骨，上结于膝外廉，直上结于髀枢，上
循胁属脊；（刺疟者，刺足阳明十指间，是知足阳明脉入于中指内间外间，脉气三指俱有，故筋
起于中指并中指左右二指，故曰中三指也。有本无三字。髋骨如臼，髀骨如枢，髀转于中，故曰髀
枢也。）其直者，上循 结于膝；其支者，结于外辅骨，合于少阳；直者，上循伏兔，上结于髀，
聚于阴器，上腹而布，至缺盆结，（布，谓分布也。平按∶ 《灵枢》、《甲乙》作 。至缺盆
结《灵枢》、《甲乙》作至缺盆而结。）上颈，上侠口，合于鼽，下结于鼻，上合于太阳为目上纲，
阳明则为目下纲；其支者，从颊结于耳前。（太阳为目上纲，故得上 动也；阳明为目下纲，故
得下 动也。）其病足中指支， 转筋，脚跳坚，伏兔转
筋，髀前肿，颓疝，腹筋急，引缺盆颊口卒 ，急者目不合，热则筋施纵，目不开。（寒则目纲
上下拘急，故开不得合也。热则上下缓纵，故合不得开。 音僻。平按∶ 《灵枢》作胫，《甲乙》
同。颓《灵枢》作 。腹筋急《甲乙》作腹筋乃急。颊口《灵枢》、《甲乙》作及颊，卒 作卒
口僻。《灵枢》纵上无施字。 袁刻作僻，下同，据原本更正。）颊筋有寒则急，引颊移口；有
热则筋施纵缓，不胜故 。（足阳明筋挟口过颊，故曰颊筋。移，谓引口离常处也。不胜，谓热
不胜其寒，所以缓口移去，故 也。平按∶缓不胜《灵枢》、《甲乙》作不胜收。）治之以马
膏，膏其急者，以白酒和桂，以涂其缓者，（马为金畜，克木筋也，故马膏疗筋急病也。桂酒泄
热，故可疗缓筋也。）以桑钩钩之，即以生桑炭置之坎中，高下与坐等，以膏熨急颊，且饮美酒，
美炙，不饮酒者，自强也，为之三拊而已。治在燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输，名曰季春痹
（以新桑木粗细如指，以绳系之，拘其缓箱，挽急箱。仍于壁上为坎，令与坐等，坎中生桑炭火。
以马膏涂其急箱，犹须饮酒 炙，和其寒温。如此摩拊饮 ，为之至三，自得中平。 ，徒敢反。
拊，摩也，音抚。平按∶炭《灵枢》、《甲乙》作灰。 《甲乙》作啖。美炙《灵枢》作美炙肉，
《甲乙》作炙肉。注粗袁刻作锉。）
足太阴之筋，起于大指之端内侧，上结于内踝；其直者，上结于膝内辅骨，（膝内下小骨辅
大骨者，长三寸半，名为内辅骨也。平按∶上结于膝《灵枢》、《甲乙》作上络于膝。）上循阴
股结于髀，聚于阴器，（阴器，宗筋所聚也。）上腹结于齐，循腹里结于胁，散于胸中；其内者，
着于脊。（循腹里即别着脊也。平按∶胁《灵枢》作肋。）其病足大趾支，内踝痛，转筋痛，膝
内辅痛，阴股引髀而痛，阴器
纫痛，上引齐与两胁痛，引膺中与脊内痛。治在燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输，名曰仲秋痹。
（七月足之少阴，始起，故曰少阴；十二月手之少阴，以其阴衰，故曰少阴。八月足之大阴，以
其阴大，故曰大阴；十一月手之大阴，以其阴正大，故曰大阴。九月足之厥阴，十月手之厥阴，
交尽，故曰厥阴。八月之筋感三气之病，名曰筋痹。有本以足大阴为孟春，足少阴为仲秋，误耳。
平按∶内辅下《灵枢》、《甲乙》有骨字，纫均作纽。上引齐与两胁痛《甲乙》作上脐两筋痛。
仲秋《灵枢》作《孟秋》，《甲乙》同。本注孟春，恐系孟秋传写之误。）
足少阴之筋，起于小指之下，并太阴之筋，邪走内踝之下，结于踝，与足太阴之筋合，而上
结于内辅之下，（平按∶并上《甲乙》有入足心三字。并下《灵枢》有足字。结于踝，《灵枢》、
《甲乙》踝作踵，足太阴均作太阳。）并太阴之筋而上循阴股，结于阴器，循脊内侠膂，上至项，
结于枕骨，与足太阳之筋合。其病足下转筋，及所过而结者皆痛及转筋，病在此者主痫 及 ，在
外者不能俯，在内者不能仰，故阳病者腰反折不能俯，阴病者不能仰。（ ，充曳反。 ，擎井
反，身强急也。在此，谓在足少阴也。在小儿称痫，在大人多称癫。背为外为阳也，腹为内为阴
也。故病在背筋，筋急故不得低头也；病在腹筋，筋急不得仰身也。平按∶循脊内侠膂《甲乙》作
循膂内侠脊。 医统本《灵枢》作螈，道藏本《灵枢》作 ，《甲乙》同。 《灵枢》作痉。）治
在燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输，在内者熨引饮药，（痛在皮肤筋骨外者，可疗以燔针；病在
腹胸内者，宜用熨法及道引并饮汤液药等也。）此筋折纫发数甚者，死不治，名曰孟秋痹。（其
筋转痛，轻而可为燔针；若折曲纫发之甚，死而不疗也。平按∶《灵枢》、《甲乙》纫均
作纽纽二字，孟秋均作仲秋。发袁刻误作缓。）
足厥阴之筋，起于大指之上，上结于内踝之前，上循胫，上结于内辅之下，上循阴股，结于
阴器，结络诸筋。（足三阴及足阳明筋皆聚阴器，足厥阴屈络诸阴，故阴器名曰宗筋也。平按∶上
循胫《甲乙》作上冲 。结络诸筋，《灵枢》无络字，筋《甲乙》作经。）其病足大趾支，内踝之前
痛，内辅痛，阴股痛转筋，阴器不用，伤于内则不起，伤于寒则阴缩入，伤于热则纵挺不收。治
在行水清阴气，其病筋者，燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为辅，名曰季秋痹。（妇人挺长为病，丈夫
挺不收为病。阴气，即丈夫阴气，谓阳气虚也。阳气虚故缩或不收，得阴即愈。平按∶阴气《甲乙》
作阴器。其病筋者，《灵枢》、《甲乙》病下有转字，燔上均有治则二字。）
手太阳之筋，起于小指之上，上结于腕，上循臂内廉，结于肘内兑骨之后，弹之应于小指之
上，上入结于掖下；（手小指表名上。肘兑，谓肘内箱尖骨，名曰兑骨。应，引也，）其支者，后走
掖后廉，上绕肩甲，循颈出足太阳之筋前，结于耳后完骨；其支者，入耳中；其直者，出耳上，
下结于 ，（含感反。平按；后走掖后廉《甲乙》作从掖走后廉，上绕肩甲作上绕 外廉上肩胛。
《灵枢》、《甲乙》均作颔。）上属目外 。其病手小指支痛，肘内兑骨后廉痛，循臂阴入掖
下，掖下痛，掖后
廉痛，绕肩、肩甲引颈而痛，应耳中鸣痛，引颔目瞑，良久乃能视，（臂 肉为臂阴也。瞑，目闭
也，音眠。平按∶支痛二字《甲乙》作及。）颈筋急则为筋痿颈肿，寒热在颈者，治在燔针劫刺，
以知为数，以痛为输，其为肿者，伤而兑之。其支者，上曲耳，循耳前属目外 ，上额结于角，
其病当所过者支转筋。治在燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输，名曰仲夏痹。（筋痿，此之谓也。
筋痿颈肿者，皆是寒热之气也。故疗寒热筋痿颈肿者，可以针伤于兑骨后弹应小指之处，兑之令
尽。兑，尖锐尽端也。或为伤复也。六月手之少阳，正月足之少阳，五月手之太阳，二月足之太
阳，四月手之阳明，三月足之阳明，筋于此时感气为病，故曰仲夏等痹也。平按∶颈筋急、颈肿，
颈字袁刻作头，《灵枢》、《甲乙》均作颈，伤均作复。上曲耳，耳字《灵枢》作牙，《甲乙》
注同。又注筋痿，袁刻痿误作 。）
手少阳之筋，起于小指次指之端，结于腕，上循臂结于肘，上绕 外廉，上肩走颈，合手太阳；
其支者，当曲颊入系舌本；其支者，上曲耳，循耳前属目外 ，上乘颌，结于角。其病当所过者
支转筋，舌卷。治在燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输，名曰季夏痹。（曲颊，在颊曲骨端。足少
阳筋循颈向曲颊后，当曲颊入系舌本，谓当风府下，舌根后，故风府一名舌本也。平按∶腕上赵
府本《灵枢》作腕中。曲耳《灵枢》、《甲乙》作曲牙，颌均作颔。其病袁刻误作是病。）
手阳明之筋，起于大指次指之端，结于 ，上循臂，上结于肘外，上 ，结于 ；其支者，
绕肩甲，侠脊；直者，从肩 上颈；其支者，上颊，结于鼽；（肩 ，肩角也，音隅，又音偶也。
平按∶肘外，《甲乙》无外字，上 作上绕 。肩甲《灵枢》、《甲乙》均作肩胛。鼽《灵枢》作
。）其直者，上出手太阳之前，上左角，络头，下右 。其病当所过者支痛及转筋，肩不举颈，
不可左右视。治在燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输，名曰孟夏痹。（其筋左右交络，故不得左右
顾视。今经不言上右角、络头、下左 ，或可但言一边也。平按∶ 《灵枢》、《甲乙》均作颔。
支下《甲乙》无痛及二字。）
手太阴之筋，起于大指之上，循指上行，结于鱼后，（大指表名为上，循手向胸为上行也。
平按∶鱼下《甲乙》有际字。）行寸口外侧，上循臂结于肘中，上 内廉，入掖下，出缺盆，结
[Ping An]: This chapter, from the beginning to the end, is found in *Ling Shu* (Spiritual Pivot), Volume 4, Chapter 13 "Jing Jin" (Sinew Channels), and also in *Jia Yi Jing* (The Classified Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion), Volume 2, Chapter 6 "Jing Jin".
The sinew channel of Foot-Taiyang (Bladder) originates above the little toe, binds at the ankle, and obliquely ascends to bind at the knee. Its descending branch follows the lateral aspect of the foot and binds at the calcaneus, ascending along the Achilles tendon to bind at the popliteal fossa. Another branch binds above the external malleolus, ascends along the medial aspect of the thigh, runs parallel with the sinew channel of Foot-Shaoyang, and ascends to bind at the buttock, continuing up alongside the spine to the nape. A collateral branch enters internally to bind at the root of the tongue. The main vertical branch binds at the occiput, ascends to the head, descends to the forehead, and binds at the nose. Another branch serves as the upper eyelid margin, binding downward at the nasal side. Its descending branch binds at the lateral aspect behind the axilla at the Jianyu point. Another branch enters the axilla, ascends out of the Clavicle depression (Quepen), and binds at the mastoid process (Wangu). Another branch exits the Clavicle depression, ascends obliquely out of the nasal side. (The twelve sinew channels and twelve meridians both derive from the Three Yin and Three Yang energies circulating through the hands and feet, hence divided into twelve. However, while the twelve meridians govern blood and qi, nourishing the five zang and six fu organs internally and the head, body, and limbs externally, the twelve sinew channels circulate within the thoracic and abdominal cavities without entering the zang and fu organs. Vessels are categorized into main meridians and collaterals; sinews are categorized into large sinews, small sinews, and membranous sinews. The origins of the twelve sinew channels coincide with the flow and origin points of the twelve meridians at the four extremities, though there are similarities and differences in their specific starting points. Terms such as Wei Jin (Supporting Sinew) and Huan Jin (Relaxed Sinew) are alternative names for large sinews. All origin points, binding sites, and pathways of the twelve sinews are illustrated in diagrams as previously transmitted. "Above the little toe" refers to the dorsal surface of the foot. "Bind" (Jie) means curvature; places where sinews curve are called binding sites. Meridians have twists (Que), while sinews have bindings. "Yan" refers to the area above the eyebrows. "Binding downward at Qiu": the aperture in the nose through which air passes is called the nose; the shape of the nose is called Qiu. Ping An notes: *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* add the character "foot" before "little toe". *Jia Yi Jing* writes "Xie" as "Xie" (oblique). *Ling Shu* writes "Xia" as "Jia" (clasp). *Jia Yi Jing* writes "Yan" as "E" (forehead). *Ling Shu* writes "Qiu" as "Bi" (nose). *Jia Yi Jing* writes "Chu Yu Qiu" as "Ru Yu Qiu" (enter the nose). The note "Ju Bing" was erroneously printed as "Tong Bing" in Yuan's edition. "Mo Jin" was erroneously printed as "Rou Jin" (flesh sinew) in Yuan's edition.)
Pathological manifestations include support sensation in the little toe, pain in the heel and calcaneus, spasm in the popliteal fossa, opisthotonos (hyperextension of the spine), stiffness in the neck, inability to raise the shoulder, support sensation in the axilla, pulling pain in the Clavicle depression, and inability to shake the head left or right. ("Ren" [pronounced 'nǚ jīn'] refers to twisting pain. Ping An notes: *Jia Yi Jing* adds "ji" [stiffness] after "luan". *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* write "ren" as "niu" [knot].) Treatment involves burning needle rapid puncture (Fanzhen Jiesi), using the number of sessions determined by symptom relief (Yi Zhi Wei Shu), and using the painful spot as the acupoint (Yi Tong Wei Shu). This is named Zhongchun Bi (Spring Second Month Bi Syndrome). (Sages face south, covered by heaven above and supported by earth below, following the Dao to create all things. Thus, humans emulate the Four Greats in their formation, and the human body corresponds to these four elements. The first month corresponds to Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) as yang energy begins to rise; the sixth month is also Shaoyang as yang energy declines. The second month is Taiyang (Greater Yang) due to abundant yang; the fifth month is Taiyang due to upright yang. The third and fourth months correspond to Yangming (Two Yangs combined). Diseases of the sinew channels caused by cold, dampness, and wind are collectively termed Sinew Bi. Burning needles are appropriate for Sinew Bi, hence this specific method is emphasized. Other types of Bi involving vessels, flesh, skin, etc., require different treatments.)
The sinew channel of Foot-Shaoyang (Gallbladder) originates above the fourth toe, ascends to bind at the external malleolus, follows the lateral aspect of the lower leg, and binds at the lateral aspect of the knee. A branch originates from the fibula, ascends to the thigh, with the anterior branch binding above the Futu point and the posterior branch binding at the sacrum. (There are two branches originating from the fibula. The anterior branch binds at Futu, and the posterior branch ascends the thigh to bind at the anterior sacrum. Ping An notes: *Ling Shu* omits "zhi shang" after "ci zhi"; [missing char] is written as "jing". *Jia Yi Jing* omits "zhi shang" after "Futu".) The main vertical branch ascends along the costal margin, moves to the anterior aspect of the axilla, attaches to the chest and breast, and binds at the Clavicle depression. ([Missing char] refers to below the costal margin, pronounced 'zhao'. Ping An notes: *[Missing char] cheng* in *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* is written as *cheng [missing char]*.) The main vertical branch ascends out of the axilla, penetrates the Clavicle depression, emerges anterior to the Foot-Taiyang channel, follows behind the ear to the frontal angle, crosses the vertex, descends to the mandible, and ascends to bind at the nasal side. A branch binds at the outer canthus as the External维系 (Outer Support). Pathological manifestations include support sensation and spasms in the fourth toe,牵引 (pulling) spasms in the lateral knee, inability to flex or extend the knee, stiffness in [missing char], anterior traction to the thigh, posterior traction to the sacrum, pain in the costal margin, and upward traction to the Clavicle depression, chest, breast, and neck. (The Outer Support: Foot-Taiyang is the Upper Eyelid Margin, Foot-Yangming is the Lower Eyelid Margin, Foot-Shaoyang is the Outer Eyelid Margin. Ping An notes: *Ling Shu* writes "qiu" as "bi" (nose); "jie mu wai [missing]" as "jie yu wai [missing]"; omits "zu" before "xiao zhi", same as *Jia Yi Jing*. *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* omit "zhong" in "[missing] zhong".) Stiffness in the Wei Jin causes crossing symptoms: if the left side is affected, the right eye cannot open; if the right side is affected, the left eye cannot open. Passing above the right frontal angle and running parallel with the Qiao Mai (Pulse of Wonder), it connects left to right. Injury to the left frontal angle renders the right foot useless, termed Wei Jin Xiang Jiao (Crossed Sinew Connection). Treatment involves burning needle rapid puncture, using symptom relief as the guide, and the painful spot as the acupoint. This is named Mengchun Bi (Spring First Month Bi Syndrome). (Qiao Mai reaches the inner canthus; thus this sinew crosses the vertex and descends to the inner canthus, running parallel. Due to this crossing, injury to the left frontal angle affects the right foot, and vice versa.)
The sinew channel of Foot-Yangming (Stomach) originates from the middle three toes (second, third, and fourth), binds at the dorsum of the foot, obliquely ascends laterally to the fibula, binds at the lateral knee, ascends vertically to the hip pivot (Hishu), and follows the ribs to attach to the spine. (To treat malaria, one punctures between the ten toes of Foot-Yangming, indicating that Foot-Yangming meridian qi enters the spaces between the toes, present in all three central toes. Hence, the sinew originates from the middle toe and its adjacent two toes, called "middle three toes." Some versions lack the character "three". The hip bone is like a mortar, the femur like a pivot; rotation occurs within, hence "hip pivot".) The main vertical branch ascends along [missing char] to bind at the knee. A branch binds at the fibula, merging with the Foot-Shaoyang sinew. The vertical branch ascends along Futu, binds at the thigh, gathers at the genitalia, spreads over the abdomen, and binds at the Clavicle depression. ("Spread" means distribution. Ping An notes: [missing char] in *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* is "jing" (calf). "Zhi Quepen jie" in *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* is "Zhi Quepen er jie".) Ascending to the neck, clamping the mouth, merging at the nasal side, binding downward at the nose, and merging upward with Foot-Taiyang to form the Upper Eyelid Margin, while Foot-Yangming forms the Lower Eyelid Margin. A branch binds from the cheek to the front of the ear. (Foot-Taiyang allows upper eyelid movement; Foot-Yangming allows lower eyelid movement.) Pathological manifestations include support sensation in the middle toe, [missing char] spasms, jumping hardness in the foot, Futu spasms, anterior thigh swelling, hernia, abdominal sinew stiffness, traction to the Clavicle depression, cheek, and mouth sudden [missing char] (deviation). In acute cases, eyes do not close; in heat cases, sinews relax and eyes do not open. (Cold causes upper and lower eyelid margins to contract, preventing opening/closing. Heat causes relaxation, preventing closing/opening. [Missing char] is pronounced 'pi'. Ping An notes: [missing char] in *Ling Shu* is "jing" (calf), same as *Jia Yi Jing*. *Ling Shu* writes "tui" as "[missing]". *Jia Yi Jing* writes "fu jin ji" as "fu jin nai ji". *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* write "jia kou" as "ji jia", "cu [missing]" as "cu kou pi". *Ling Shu* lacks "shi" before "zong". [Missing char] in Yuan edition is "pi", same below, corrected here per original.) Cold in the cheek sinews causes stiffness and pulls the mouth; heat causes relaxation and deviation. (Foot-Yangming sinew passes the cheek around the mouth, hence "cheek sinew". "Move" means pulling the mouth away from its normal position. "Cannot withstand" means heat cannot overcome cold, causing the mouth to slacken and deviate. Ping An notes: "huan bu sheng" in *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* is "bu sheng shou".) Treatment uses horse fat plaster for stiffness, and white wine mixed with cinnamon for flaccidity. (Horses are metal animals, overcoming wood/sinews; thus horse fat treats sinew stiffness. Cinnamon and wine dissipate heat, treating flaccidity.) Use a mulberry hook to pull, place raw mulberry charcoal in a pit level with the sitting height, apply horse fat plaster to the stiff cheek with heat, drink fine wine and roast meat. Those who do not drink alcohol should force themselves to do so, repeating the massage three times. Treatment also involves burning needle rapid puncture, symptom relief as the guide, and painful spots as acupoints. This is named Jichun Bi (Spring Third Month Bi Syndrome). (Use new mulberry wood finger-thick, tie with rope, restrain the flaccid side, pull the stiff side. Dig a pit in the wall level with sitting height, fill with mulberry charcoal fire. Apply horse fat to the stiff side, drink wine and eat roast meat to balance cold and heat. Massage and diet, repeated three times, restores balance. [Missing char] pronounced 'tu gan'. Fu means massage, pronounced 'fu'. Ping An notes: Tan in *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* is "hui" (ash). [Missing char] in *Jia Yi Jing* is "dan" (eat). Mei zhi in *Ling Shu* is "mei zhi rou", in *Jia Yi Jing* is "zhi rou". Note "cu" in Yuan edition is "cuo" (file).)
The sinew channel of Foot-Taiyin (Spleen) originates on the medial side of the big toe, ascends to bind at the internal malleolus. The main vertical branch ascends to bind at the medial condyle of the tibia. (The small bone inside the knee assisting the large bone, 3.5 cun long, is called the medial condyle. Ping An notes: "Shang jie yu xi" in *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* is "Shang luo yu xi".) Ascending along the medial thigh to bind at the hip, gathering at the genitalia (where the Zong Jin/Sinew of the Genitals gathers), ascending the abdomen to bind at the umbilicus, following the interior of the abdomen to bind at the hypochondrium, and dispersing in the chest. The internal branch attaches to the spine. (Following the abdomen interior attaches to the spine. Ping An notes: "Xie" in *Ling Shu* is "Li" (rib).) Pathological manifestations include support sensation in the big toe, internal malleolus pain, spasmodic pain, medial knee pain, medial thigh traction to the hip, genital [missing char] pain, upward traction to the umbilicus and bilateral hypochondrium, and traction to the chest and spine interior. Treatment involves burning needle rapid puncture, symptom relief as the guide, and painful spots as acupoints. This is named Zhongqiu Bi (Autumn Second Month Bi Syndrome). (The seventh month corresponds to Foot-Shaoyin (Kidney) as yin begins; the twelfth month to Hand-Shaoyin as yin declines. The eighth month corresponds to Foot-Taiyin (Spleen) as yin is great; the eleventh month to Hand-Taiyin as yin is upright. The ninth month to Foot-Jueyin (Liver) and tenth to Hand-Jueyin, marking the end of the cycle. Sinew diseases in the eighth month caused by the three pathogens are named Sinew Bi. Some editions mistakenly list Foot-Taiyin as Mengchun and Foot-Shaoyin as Zhongqiu. Ping An notes: "Gu" added after "Nei fu" in *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing*; "ren" written as "niu". "Shang yin qi yu liang xie tong" in *Jia Yi Jing* is "Shang qi liang jin tong". *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* write "Zhongqiu" as "Mengqiu". The note "Mengchun" is likely a transcription error for "Mengqiu".)
The sinew channel of Foot-Shaoyin (Kidney) originates below the little toe, running with the Foot-Taiyin sinew, obliquely descending below the internal malleolus, binding at the ankle, merging with the Foot-Taiyin sinew, and ascending to bind below the medial condyle. (Ping An notes: *Jia Yi Jing* adds "ru zu xin" (enter sole) after "bing shang". *Ling Shu* adds "zu" (foot) after "bing". *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* write "huai" (ankle) as "zhong" (heel); Foot-Taiyin writes "Taiyang".) Running with the Foot-Taiyin sinew, it ascends the medial thigh, binds at the genitalia, follows the spine interior alongside the paraspinal muscles, ascends to the nape, binds at the occiput, and merges with the Foot-Taiyang sinew. Pathological manifestations include plantar spasms, pain and spasms at binding sites. Disease here primarily manifests as epilepsy and [missing char] (spasms/stiffness). Externally, bending is impossible; internally, extending is impossible. Yang disease causes opisthotonos (bending backward); yin disease prevents extension. ([Missing char] pronounced 'chong ye'; [missing char] pronounced 'qing jing', meaning body stiffness. "Here" refers to Foot-Shaoyin. Epilepsy in children, mania in adults. Back is exterior/yang; abdomen is interior/yin. Back sinew stiffness prevents bowing; abdominal sinew stiffness prevents leaning back. Ping An notes: "Xun ji nei xia lv" in *Jia Yi Jing* is "Xun lv nei xia ji". [Missing char] in Yitong edition *Ling Shu* is "yuan"; Daocang edition *Ling Shu* is "[missing]", same as *Jia Yi Jing*. [Missing char] in *Ling Shu* is "jing" (spasm).) Treatment involves burning needle rapid puncture, symptom relief as the guide, and painful spots as acupoints. For internal cases, use moxibustion/heat application, qigong, and herbal decoctions. (External pain in skin/bone/tendon treated with burning needles; internal disease in abdomen/chest treated with heat application, guidance, and herbs.) If sinew spasms and twisting occur frequently and severely, death is inevitable and untreatable. This is named Mengqiu Bi (Autumn First Month Bi Syndrome). (Mild sinew spasms treatable with burning needles; severe twisting leads to death. Ping An notes: "Ren" in *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* is "niu"; "Mengqiu" written as "Zhongqiu". "Fa" in Yuan edition erroneously written as "huan" (relax).)
The sinew channel of Foot-Jueyin (Liver) originates above the big toe, ascends to bind anterior to the internal malleolus, follows the tibia, binds below the medial condyle, ascends the medial thigh, binds at the genitalia, and connects all sinews. (Foot Three Yin and Foot-Yangming sinews gather at the genitalia; Foot-Jueyin loops through the yin sinews, hence the genitalia is called Zong Jin. Ping An notes: "Shang xun jing" in *Jia Yi Jing* is "Shang chong [missing]". "Jie luo zhu jin" in *Ling Shu* lacks "luo"; *Jia Yi Jing* writes "jin" as "jing".) Pathological manifestations include support sensation in the big toe, pain anterior to the internal malleolus, medial condyle pain, medial thigh pain and spasms, genital dysfunction. Internal injury causes impotence; cold injury causes retraction; heat injury causes protrusion and inability to retract. Treatment involves regulating water and clearing yin qi. For sinew disease, use burning needle rapid puncture, symptom relief as the guide, and painful spots as acupoints. This is named Ji Qiu Bi (Autumn Third Month Bi Syndrome). (Protrusion in women is pathological; inability to retract in men is pathological. "Yin qi" refers to male sexual energy, implying yang deficiency. Yang deficiency causes retraction or failure to retract; restoring yin brings recovery. Ping An notes: "Yin qi" in *Jia Yi Jing* is "Yin qi" (genitals). "Qi bing jin zhe" in *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* has "zhuan" (turn/spasm) after "bing"; "Zhi ze" before "Fanzhen".)
The sinew channel of Hand-Taiyang (Small Intestine) originates above the little finger, ascends to bind at the wrist, follows the medial arm, binds posterior to the medial epicondyle (Duigu bone), eliciting sensation in the little finger when tapped, and ascends to bind in the axilla. (Little finger dorsal side is "above". Elbow Duigu refers to the sharp bone at the medial elbow. "Ying" means elicit/pull.) A branch travels posteriorly along the axillary border, winds around the scapula, follows the neck emerging anterior to the Foot-Taiyang sinew, and binds at the mastoid process behind the ear. Another branch enters the ear. The main vertical branch emerges above the ear, descends to bind at [missing char] (pronounced 'han gan'). (Ping An notes: "Hou zou ye hou lian" in *Jia Yi Jing* is "Cong ye zou hou lian"; "Shang rao jian jia" is "Shang rao [missing] wai lian shang jian jia". *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* write "han" (mandible).) It attaches to the outer canthus. Pathological manifestations include support pain in the little finger, pain posterior to the medial epicondyle, pain entering the axilla along the medial arm, posterior axillary pain, scapular pain pulling to the neck, tinnitus and pain in the ear, traction to the mandible and eyes causing temporary blindness. (Arm [missing] muscle is Arm Yin. "Ming" means closing eyes, pronounced 'mian'. Ping An notes: "Zhi tong" in *Jia Yi Jing* is "ji" (and).) Neck sinew stiffness leads to sinew atrophy and neck swelling. For neck cold-heat disorders, treatment involves burning needle rapid puncture, symptom relief as the guide, and painful spots as acupoints. For swelling, injure and drain (Dui) the site. Another branch curves above the ear, follows the ear anteriorly to the outer canthus, ascends the forehead, and binds at the frontal angle. Pathology includes support spasms along the pathway. Treatment involves burning needle rapid puncture, symptom relief as the guide, and painful spots as acupoints. This is named Zhongxia Bi (Summer Second Month Bi Syndrome). (Sinew atrophy refers to this. Sinew atrophy and neck swelling are caused by cold-heat qi. To treat, puncture the point posterior to the Duigu bone that elicits sensation in the little finger, draining until complete. "Dui" means sharp tip/end. Or it may refer to recurrence. Sixth month Hand-Shaoyang, First month Foot-Shaoyang, Fifth month Hand-Taiyang, Second month Foot-Taiyang, Fourth month Hand-Yangming, Third month Foot-Yangming. Sinew diseases occurring at these times are named Zhongxia, etc. Ping An notes: "Jing" in Yuan edition written as "tou" (head); *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* write "jing" (neck); "shang" written as "fu". Ear in *Ling Shu* is "ya" (tooth), same note in *Jia Yi Jing*. "Wei" in Yuan edition erroneously written as "[missing]".)
The sinew channel of Hand-Shaoyang (Sanjiao) originates at the tip of the fourth finger, binds at the wrist, ascends the arm to bind at the elbow, winds around [missing char] lateral aspect, ascends the shoulder to the neck, merging with Hand-Taiyang. A branch enters the tongue root at the curved jaw. Another branch curves above the ear, follows the ear anteriorly to the outer canthus, ascends the cheekbone, and binds at the frontal angle. Pathology includes support spasms along the pathway and tongue rolling. Treatment involves burning needle rapid puncture, symptom relief as the guide, and painful spots as acupoints. This is named Jixia Bi (Summer Third Month Bi Syndrome). (Curved jaw is at the end of the jaw bone. Foot-Shaoyang sinew follows the neck to the curved jaw; entering the tongue root at the curved jaw refers to below Fengfu, behind the tongue root, hence Fengfu is also called Tongue Root. Ping An notes: "Wan" in Zhao Fu edition *Ling Shu* is "Wan zhong". "Qu er" in *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* is "Qu ya"; "he" written as "han". "Qi bing" in Yuan edition erroneously written as "shi bing".)
The sinew channel of Hand-Yangming (Large Intestine) originates at the tip of the second finger, binds at [missing char], ascends the arm, binds at the lateral elbow, ascends [missing char], binds at [missing char]. A branch winds around the scapula, alongside the spine. The vertical branch ascends from the shoulder [missing char] to the neck. A branch ascends to the cheek, binding at the nasal side. (Shoulder [missing char] is the shoulder angle, pronounced 'yu' or 'ou'. Ping An notes: "Zhou wai" in *Jia Yi Jing* lacks "wai"; "Shang [missing]" is "Shang rao [missing]". "Jian jia" in *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* is "Jian jia" (scapula). "Qiu" in *Ling Shu* is "[missing]".) The vertical branch emerges anterior to Hand-Taiyang, ascends the left frontal angle, connects to the head, and descends to the right [missing char]. Pathology includes support pain and spasms along the pathway, inability to raise the shoulder, and inability to turn the head left or right. Treatment involves burning needle rapid puncture, symptom relief as the guide, and painful spots as acupoints. This is named Mengxia Bi (Summer First Month Bi Syndrome). (Sinews cross left and right, hence inability to look left or right. The text mentions ascending the right angle, connecting the head, descending the left [missing], but perhaps only describes one side. Ping An notes: [missing char] in *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* is "han" (mandible). *Jia Yi Jing* lacks "tong ji" after "zhi".)
The sinew channel of Hand-Taiyin (Lung) originates above the thumb, follows the finger upward, binds behind the thenar eminence. (Thumb dorsal side is "above"; following the hand toward the chest is "ascending". Ping An notes: *Jia Yi Jing* adds "ji" (edge) after "yu".) It runs along the lateral side of the Cun Kou pulse, ascends the arm to bind at the elbow, ascends along the [missing char] medial aspect, enters the axilla, exits the Clavicle depression, and binds...