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(Original text "Wen Zhong Zhong zuo HT HT..." is a collation note and is omitted in the translation.) Qi resides within, form resides on the exterior; they mutually complete each other. (The Qi of the Zang organs resides internally, nourishing the form from within; the Qi of the Fu organs resides externally, forming the shape from without. Ping An: "Er xiang cheng zhe ye" in *Su Wen* is written as "Er wei xiang cheng ye".)

Ping An: This chapter, from the beginning to the end, is found in *Ling Shu*, Volume 6, Chapter 33, "Discussion on the Four Seas". From "Ren yi you si hai" to "Ni zhe bi bai", it is found in *Jia Yi Jing*, Volume 1, Chapter 8, with only slight differences in syntax.

Yellow Emperor asked Qibo: I have learned acupuncture methods from the Master. What the Master says never departs from Ying (Nutrient), Wei (Defensive), Blood, and Qi. The Twelve Primary Meridians (Shi Er Jing Mai) belong internally to the Zang-Fu organs and connect externally to the limbs and joints. Why do you combine them into the Four Seas? (Blood refers to the blood within the Twelve Meridians. Qi refers to the Jing-Qi within the Twelve Meridians. Ping An: In *Ling Shu*, there is a character "Yu" after "Wen"; "Zhi" is written as "Zhi"; there is no "He" after "Si Hai".) Qibo replied: Humans also possess Four Seas and Twelve River Waters. The Twelve River Waters all flow into the Sea. The Seas are designated by East, West, South, and North, named the Four Seas. Yellow Emperor said: How does one correspond these to humans? Qibo said: Humans also have Four Seas. Yellow Emperor said: Please tell me about the Four Seas of humans. Qibo said: Humans have the Sea of Marrow, the Sea of Blood, the Sea of Qi, and the Sea of Water and Grain. These four correspond to the Four Seas. (The Twelve River Waters all flow into the East Sea, which surrounds itself, thus becoming the Four Seas. The Twelve Meridians all return to the Stomach Sea; the Qi of Water and Grain circulates, thus becoming the Sea of Qi, Blood, Marrow, and Bone. Hence it is called the Sea of Water and Grain, compared to the East Sea. Ping An: In *Ling Shu*, after "Yi ren ying zhi nai he", the seventeen characters "Qi Bo Yue ren yi you si hai Huang Di Yue qing wen ren zhi si hai" are absent.) Yellow Emperor said: Is the Master's correspondence of humans to the Four Seas of Heaven and Earth far away? I wish to hear how they correspond. Qibo said: One must first clearly know the locations of Yin-Yang, Interior-Exterior, Ying, and Shu (Transport) points; then the Four Seas are determined. (Stomach meridian belongs to Yang, which is Exterior. Hand Taiyin and Foot Shaoyin meridians belong to Yin, which is Interior. Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel) is the Sea of the Twelve Meridians and Collaterals, belonging to both Exterior and Interior. Ping An: "Ying" in *Ling Shu* is written as "Xing".) Yellow Emperor said: How is it determined? Qibo said: The Stomach is the Sea of Water and Grain; its Shu points are above at Qichong (Qi Jie) and below at Zusanli (San Li). The Stomach stores Water and Grain, hence named the Sea of Water and Grain. The Stomach meridian is Foot Yangming. Foot Yangming meridian passes through Qichong and Zusanli; its Qi transports up and down to these acupoints. Ping An: In *Jia Yi*, "Shu" is written as [symbol], same below, not repeated. Chong Mai is the Sea of the Twelve Meridians; its Shu points are above at Dazhu (Da Zhu) and below emerging from the upper and lower creases of Juxu (Ju Xu). (Chong Mai governs the Twelve Meridians. Dazhu is an acupoint where Foot Taiyang and Hand Taiyang meridians emerge. Upper and Lower Juxu are acupoints where Foot Yangming meridian emerges. These acupoints are places where Chong Mai delivers Qi, hence named Shu points.) Danzhong (Chest Center) is the Sea of Qi; its Shu points are above at the upper and lower parts of the vertebral column, and anteriorly at Renying (Ren Ying). ("Dan" refers to the chest center, pronounced Tan. After food enters the Stomach, its Qi divides into three pathways. Some Qi ascends through the meridians and gathers in the chest, named the Sea of Qi, governed by the Lung. Hand Yangming is the meridian of the Lung organ, running along the upper and lower vertebral column, entering the Supraclavicular Fossa (Que Pen); a branch ascends to the nose. Foot Yangming follows the neck down before Renying. All these are Shu points of the Danzhong Sea of Qi.) The Brain is the Sea of Marrow; its Shu points are above at the crown (Gai) and below at Fengfu (Feng Fu). (Stomach flows fluids, seeping into bone cavities, transforming into Marrow. The head contains the most, hence called the Sea. It is generated by the Kidney; its Qi transports upward to Baihui (Bai Hui) at the crown of the brain, and downward to Fengfu.) Yellow Emperor said: Regarding these Four Seas, what brings benefit and what brings harm? What leads to life and what to failure? Qibo said: Following harmony leads to life; following reversal leads to failure; knowing regulation brings benefit; lacking regulation brings harm. (Life and failure refer to Harmony and Reversal, which are Heavenly timing; Benefit and Harm refer to Regulation and non-regulation, which are human effort.) Yellow Emperor said: What are the Harmony and Reversal of the Four Seas? Qibo said: When the Sea of Qi has Excess, Qi fills the chest, breathing becomes rapid, and the face turns red; when the Sea of Qi has Deficiency, there is insufficient Qi to speak. (Excess means pathogenic Qi augmenting True Qi. Red face means Qi rushing upward to the face, indicating flourishing Yang meridians. Ping An: "Ji Xi" in *Ling Shu* is written as [symbol]; in *Jia Yi* as "Ji Xi".) When the Sea of Blood has Excess, one constantly feels the body is large, feeling depressed and uneasy, unaware of the illness; when the Sea of Blood has Deficiency, one constantly feels the body is small, feeling constrained and uneasy, unaware of the illness. (Abundant blood and flourishing vessels cause the spirit to imagine the body is large. "Fu" (pronounced Fu-fu fan) means depression and unease, not knowing the source of suffering. Ping An: In *Jia Yi*, two characters "Yu Ye" appear after "Fu".) When the Sea of Water and Grain has Excess, the abdomen is full and distended; when the Sea of Water and Grain has Deficiency, one feels hungry but cannot accept food. When the Sea of Marrow has Excess, the body is light, agile, and strong, exceeding normal limits; when the Sea of Marrow has Deficiency, there is dizziness, tinnitus, soreness, vertigo, blindness, lassitude, and a desire to lie down. (Brain deficiency fails to fill the skull, causing dizziness and preference for tinnitus. Marrow deficiency fails to fill the shins, causing leg soreness. Brain deficiency and lack of essence-fluid in muscles, sinews, and blood cause vertigo and blindness. Marrow deficiency causes weakness in limbs and waist/spine, leading to lassitude and lying down. "Suan" is pronounced Xi-guan fan. "Xuan" is Yuan-bian fan, meaning closing eyes and seeing chaos. "HT" is Wang-dao fan, meaning overturning/falling. Ping An: "Man Zhang" in *Jia Yi* is written as "Zhang Man". *Ling Shu* writes "Jing", *Jia Yi* writes "Jing" [symbol]. "HT" in *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi* is written as "Mao"; "Dai" is written as "Dai". The missing character after "Yao" in the note is filled by Yuan edition as "Ji".) Yellow Emperor said: I have heard of Harmony and Reversal; how should they be regulated? Qibo said: Carefully observe their Shu points and regulate their Excess and Deficiency; do not commit harm. Those in Harmony will recover; those in Reversal will surely fail. Yellow Emperor said: Excellent. (Shu refers to the Shu points of the Four Seas. Ping An: The character "Wu" originally lacked its lower half; *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi* write "Wu", likely meaning "Wu". *Jia Yi* lacks the four characters "Huang Di Yue Shan".)