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[Ping An]: This chapter, from the beginning to the end, is found in Volume 16, Chapter 60 of *Suwen* (Plain Questions), titled "Gu Kong Lun" (Treatise on Bone Cavities). The content starting from the Du Meridian originating at the lower abdomen up to the treatment of the Du Meridian is found in Volume 2, Chapter 2 of *Jia Yi Jing* (Systematic Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion), and also in the "Du Mai" (Du Vessel) chapter of this book.

Yellow Emperor asked Qibo: I have heard that wind pathogens are the beginning of all diseases. How should they be treated with acupuncture? Qibo replied: When wind pathogens enter from the exterior, they cause chills (Zhen Han), sweating (Han Chu), headache (Tou Tong), heaviness of the body (Shen Zhong), and aversion to wind and cold (E Feng Han). Treatment should be conducted at Fengfu (GV18) acupoint, regulating Yin and Yang. For deficiency patterns, apply tonification; for excess patterns, apply sedation. (Wind is the source of a hundred diseases. When wind first enters the body, there are five manifestations: one is chills, two is sweating, three is headache, four is body heaviness, five is aversion to wind and cold. □ Observe the deficiency or excess, and select Fengfu acupoint. Fengfu is an important site for receiving wind. Ping An: *Suwen* lacks the characters "Yu Qibo"; "E Feng Han" is written as "E Han". Note: The missing character above is tentatively proposed as "Xu" [must].)

Severe wind disease causing neck and nape pain: puncture Fengfu acupoint, which is located at the upper vertebra. (Severe wind refers to the disease characterized by loss of eyebrows and hair. "Located at the upper vertebra" means from Dazhui (GV14) upwards into Naohu (GV17) reaching Fengfu.) Severe wind causing sweating: moxibustion on □ acupoint, located three cun lateral to the lower spine on the back. Press this point and ask the patient to call out □; the hand sensation should correspond to the sound. If wind exacerbates wind disease, puncture the eyebrow center (Cuanzhu, BL2). (The upper □ is pronounced with the reverse cut of "Yi", the lower □ with the reverse cut of "Huo", referring to the patient's pain groans. When wind arises, wind disease erupts, hence called "Cong Feng"; all are treated by taking Cuanzhu. Ping An: *Suwen* writes "Zeng Feng" as "Zeng Han".)

Stiff neck (Shi Zhen): treat the transverse bone between the shoulders. Stiff neck can be treated at the space between the transverse bones of the shoulder, i.e., between the cervical vertebrae. Ping An: *Suwen* lacks the character "Zhi".

If the arm is fractured/bent so that the arms align with the elbows, moxa directly on Jizhong (GV12) to eliminate pain radiating from the collateral vessels and hypochondrium to the lower abdomen. (Bending the arm makes it align with the elbow; moxa Jizhong to eliminate the condition where collaterals, hypochondrium, and lower abdomen pull each other in pain. Ping An: *Suwen* has no character before "Chu".)

Intestinal distension: puncture □ acupoint. (□ acupoint is on the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian; thus, for intestinal distension, puncture □.) Lower back pain with inability to turn or sway, urgently pulling on the scrotum/testicles: puncture the Nine Liao (Jiu Liao) acupoints and the painful area. The Nine Liao are located in the interspaces of the sacrum. (Eight Liao plus the lumbar Shu points constitute the Nine Liao. The character "Liao" in this text is pronounced "Liao", meaning empty cavity. Ping An: *Suwen* writes "Jiu Liao" as "Ba Liao".)

Plague-like cold-heat syndrome (Shu Lou): still puncture the Cold Palace (Han Fu). The Cold Palace is at the Ying acupoint outside the knee joint. (The Cold-Heat Palace is at the Ying acupoint outside the knee joint, named Guan. □ is pronounced "Lou". Ping An: *Suwen* has the character "Fu" above the knee.)

To access the acupoint on the upper outer knee, have the patient perform a bowing motion. To access the sole acupoint, have the patient kneel. (To take the outer solution point above the knee, the patient bows, bending the knees and leaning forward. To take Yongquan (KI1), the patient bends knees to the ground without leaning the body forward, which is kneeling. Ping An: Below "Shi Zhi Gui", *Suwen* contains eighty-one characters describing the Ren, Chong, and Du meridians.)

The Du Meridian originates from the central bone below the lower abdomen. In women, it enters and connects to the Ting Kong (Court Aperture); this aperture is the end of the urinary aperture. (Bone middle refers to the hollow space below the coccyx. Descending into the bone hollow, in women it connects to the tailbone tip; in men, it follows the penis. Ping An: *Suwen* adds "Zhe" after Du Mai and "Yu" after Qi.)

Its collateral follows the genitalia, meeting at the perineum (Cuan Jian), circling behind the perineum, then diverging to □, reaching the Shaoyin and Taiyang middle collaterals, merging with the Shaoyin meridian ascending along the posterior medial aspect of the thigh, penetrating the spine and connecting to the Kidney. It joins the Taiyang meridian originating at the inner canthus. (Du collateral. Circling genitalia meeting at Cuan Jian, circling behind Cuan, then recombining and dividing into two paths, circling □ to the Foot-Shaoyin and Foot-Taiyang collaterals, merging with Foot-Shaoyin, ascending the posterior medial thigh, reaching the spine connecting to Kidney. Tracing Foot-Taiyang, it goes from Xiang Sang to the inner canthus.)

Ascending the forehead, crossing at the vertex (Dian), entering to network the brain, emerging again to descend separately down the nape, following the medial side of the shoulder blades, flanking the spine to reach the waist center, entering to follow the Diaphragm muscle, networking the Kidney, and stopping; for men, it follows the penis down to the perineum, identical to women. (From the inner canthus, two paths ascend the forehead, cross at the vertex, enter the brain left and right, emerge again descending separately down the nape, each following the interior of the shoulder blades, flanking the spine down to the waist, each following the spinal muscles, returning to network the Kidney, exiting from Xiang Sang to Dui Duan, ascending the nose, descending the nape, down to the bone. Qi emanates from acupoints; places traveled otherwise do not emit from acupoints. Ping An: *Suwen* writes "Dian" as "Dian"; "Luo Shen" lacks "Er Zhi"; "Cuan" writes as "Cuan". Note: "Shang E" to top, Yuan edition mistakenly wrote "Xiang" for "Ding"; "Xiang Sang" mistakenly wrote "Wan Sang".)

The branch rising straight from the lower abdomen penetrates the center of the umbilicus, ascends through the Heart, enters the throat, ascends to the chin, circles the lips, and ascends to connect to the center below both eyes. (Some people seeing this path rising straight from the lower abdomen, without careful thought, mistake this Du Meridian for the Ren Meridian, which is highly inappropriate.)

Diseases of this meridian include Qi rushing from the lower abdomen to the heart causing pain, with inability to pass stool or urine, termed Chong Hernia. In women: infertility (Bu Zi), hemorrhoids, enuresis, and dryness of the throat. Diseases of the Du Meridian are treated by treating the Du Meridian. (These eight types of diseases arise along the Du Meridian, hence treating Du Meridian acupoints. Ping An: *Suwen* writes "Bu Zi" as "Bu Yun".)

Treatment is at the Gu Shang (Bone Above, likely Pubic Symphysis area); severe cases are at the Qi Xia Ying (Camp Below Umbilicus). (Below discusses treating Du Meridian acupoints. Gu Shang measures the pubic bone. Gu Shang is the Biao aspect of the Du Meridian. Qi Xia Ying is the Ben aspect of the Du Meridian; Ying also refers to an acupoint location.)

For upper Qi with noisy breathing, treat the center of the throat, located in the center of the Quepen (Clavicular Fossa). (You Yin refers to the sound of upper Qi wheezing. Center of throat is Lianquan (CV23). Center of Quepen is Tiantu (CV22).)

For disease Qi rushing up the throat, treat Jian. Jian is located above and flanking the chin. (Above flanking chin is Daying (ST5). Ping An: *Suwen* has "Qi" after "Zhi".)

Stiff knee unable to extend or flex, treat the Jian acupoint. (Unable to extend and flex is a bone disease. Jian, pronounced Ji Yan. Located above the femoral accessory bone and below the transverse bone, named Jian.)

Knee pain while sitting, treat the Ji acupoint. (The junction flanking the KT bone is called Ji.)

Knee pain while standing with heat at the joint resolution, treat the Yan Guan acupoint. (When standing, heat at the joint resolution is treated at Yan Guan. Yan Guan is Hai Guan, □ knee bones joining, the place of flexion and extension. Ping An: *Suwen* writes "Yan Guan" as "Hai Guan". Note: Yuan edition missed "Guan" after "Hai Guan". □ Knee bones joining Yuan edition wrote as "Tong Yin Xi Gu"; checking original manuscript, one character is missing above "Xi Gu", none below. Yuan edition filled the missing character as "Tong Yin" and omitted "Xiang" below, inconsistent with original. Ping proposes filling the missing character as "Yu" for smoother meaning.)

Knee pain extending to the little toe, treat the □ acupoint. (Mu Zhi refers to the little toe. Foot-Shaoyin and Foot-Taiyang both travel through □ to the little toe, hence treating its □. Ping An: *Suwen* writes "Mu Zhi" as "Mu Zhi".)

Sitting knee pain feeling like a hidden object, treat the Guan acupoint. (□ above the hip pivot is Guan.)

Knee pain unable to flex or extend, treat the Bei Nei (Inner Back); (Bei Nei refers to the inner aspect of the Foot-Taiyang Back Shu points.)

Pain connecting to the foot □ feeling like fracture, treat the Middle Shu acupoint □ of the Yangming Meridian; (Knee pain unable to flex/extend, connecting to foot □ pain like fracture, treat Foot-Yangming Middle Shu, namely Jubo Shanglian (ST37). □ is a Shu acupoint. Ping An: *Suwen* writes □ as □, Shu □ as Yu.)

If the pain feels like separation, treat the Ying-Rest acupoints of Juyang and Shaoyang. (If □ pain feels like separation, treat Ying-Rest acupoints of Foot-Taiyang and Foot-Shaoyang. Ping An: *Suwen* writes "Yang Ying" as "Yin Ying".)

Weakness and inability to stand long (Yin Luo), treat the Wei-Vessel of Shaoyang, four cun above the lateral malleolus. (Luo, pronounced Luo Ge. Yin Luo means knee □ bi-pain and weakness. Five cun above lateral malleolus is Guangming (GB37) of Foot-Shaoyang; Shaoyang Wei is at four cun. Ping An: *Suwen* adds "Jing Suan" after "Yin Luo"; four cun above lateral malleolus is written as five cun above lateral.)

Accessory bone above and transverse bone below is Jian; flanking the hip is Ji; knee resolution is Hai Guan; flanking the knee bone is Huan Hai; below Hai is Fu; above Fu is □; above □ is Guan; transverse bone of the nape is Zhen. (Accessory bone above and transverse bone below is Jian; at knee resolution is Hai. Transverse bone of nape is Yuzhen at the back of the head. Kua, pronounced Kun, also Wan. Ping An: *Suwen* writes "Huan Hai" as "Lian Hai", "Xiang" as "Tou".)

Water Shu fifty-seven acupoints: five rows above the sacrum, five per row; two rows above Futu, five per row; one row on each side, six per row. (Previously mentioned Water Shu, now repeated: this speaks of Water Bone Cavities. Water Shu governs bones, hence repeated. Ping An: *Suwen* adds seven characters "Xing Wu, Huai Shang Ge Yi Hang" after one row.)

Marrow cavities are three fen behind the brain, below the frontal bone at the skull margin; one below the new gum line, one below the occipital bone in the neck; (Ping An: Three fen Zhao Fu edition *Suwen* writes five fen; "Zai" above brain; Rui instead of Dui; Yinji instead of Xin Cuan; Hou below neck.)

One above the empty space of the spinal bone, above Fengfu; one below the empty space of the spinal bone, below the sacral bone. Counting marrow cavities on the face flanking the nose, or bone cavities below the mouth corresponding to both shoulders. Two □ bone cavities, at Yang within □. Arm bone cavity is at Yang, four cun from the ankle between two bones. (Ping An: *Suwen* writes "Zai Yang" as "Zai Bei Yang"; "Kong" below two bones.)

Thigh bone cavity above is at Guyang, four cun above the knee. □ bone cavity is at the upper end of the accessory bone. Thigh interstice bone cavity is below the pulsating artery in the hair region. Sacral bone cavity is behind the femoral bone, four cun apart. All bones have seeping pores; no marrow cavity, changing marrow has no cavity. (Speaking of emptiness in bones, fluids from grains enter these bone cavities to nourish brain marrow. The number and location of these bone cavities are difficult to distinguish; those known are listed, unknown ones are omitted. Both shoulders, some editions read as Lips. Ping An: *Suwen* lacks "Mai" under "Dong"; Bian Gu writes Pian Gu; "Cou" below "Shen Li"; "Kong" writes "Kong" in "Wu Sui Kong".)