实也。）白露早降。收杀气行。寒雨害物。虫食甘黄。脾土受邪。赤气后化。心气晚治。上胜肺金。白气乃屈。其谷不成。
咳而鼽。上应荧惑太白星。（此复论上临阳明之岁。金气用事。故至夏秋之交。白露早降。收杀气行。而火复在后也。盖
不及之岁。所胜之气妄行。而反自虚其位。故复气得以胜之。今上临阳明。金气原盛。金气盛。则金之子气亦能胜火。
木之子欲复之。而金之子能胜之。是以赤气后化也。寒雨。寒水之气。金之子也。长气后发。而收藏之令早行。故万物
为之贼害。而其谷不成也。虫感雨湿之气而生。夏秋之交。土气用事。而反为寒雨所胜。是以虫食甘黄。而脾土受邪也。
肺开窍于鼻。故咳而鼽。鼽者。鼻流清涕也。上应荧惑复耀。太白减明。张玉师曰。阳明燥金司天。则少阴君火主终之
气。故赤气后化。而白气始屈也。其谷不成。当与其谷白坚对看。盖火主长气。金主收成。上节火制其金。是以华实齐
化。其谷坚成。此收杀气盛。寒雨早行。而长气后发。四时失序。故其谷不成也。如云其谷苍。其谷白坚。其谷丹。其
谷。其谷坚芒。其谷 。其主 谷。皆当在成物上论。如云其谷不成。元谷不成。苍谷乃损。秀而不实。其谷不登。
斯在败上论也。）岁火不及。寒乃大行。长政不用。物荣而下。凝惨而甚。则阳气不化。乃折荣美。上应辰星。（岁火
不及。水反胜之。故寒乃大行。而长政不用也。夫万物得长气而荣美。夏长之气。被寒折于上。故物荣而下。凝惨。阴
寒之气也。太阳之气生于寒水之中。如凝惨太甚。则阳气不生化矣。万物得阳气而荣。阳气不化。而荣美乃折矣。上句
言寒胜于上。则长气不能上荣。下句言寒凝于下。则阳气不能施化于上。水气胜。当上应辰星增耀。岁火不及。六癸岁
也。）民病胸中痛。胁支满。两胁痛。膺背肩髀间。及两臂内痛。郁冒朦昧。心痛。暴喑。胸腹大。胁下与腰背相引而痛。
甚则屈不能伸。髋髀如别。上应荧惑辰星。其谷丹。（火运不及。寒乃胜之。则阳气不能施化。故为此诸痛。所谓寒胜为
痛。痹也。郁冒朦昧。寒湿之气冒明也。水寒乘心。故心痛。心主言。故暴喑也。夫太阳主诸阳之气。生于寒水之中。
寒淫太甚。则生阳自虚。屈不能伸者。其病在筋。太阳主筋。阳气虚。不能养筋故也。太阳气之为病。腰似折。髀不可
以曲。 如结。 如别。是为踝厥。上应荧惑失色。辰星倍明。火受其制。故其谷丹。）复则埃郁。大雨且至。黑气乃辱。
病溏腹满。食饮不下。寒中。肠鸣泄注。腹痛。暴挛。痿痹。足不任身。上应镇星辰星。玄谷不成。（此水淫甚而土气
复也。埃、土。郁、蒸也。湿土之气。郁蒸于上。是以大雨且至。所谓地气生而为云为雨也。六元正纪大论曰。太阴所
至为湿生。终为注雨。黑气、水气也。辱、下也。土气复而水气乃伏也。 溏腹满。足不任身。皆寒湿之证。盖水寒太
甚。而又湿土复之。故为此诸病也。上应镇星增明。辰星减耀。寒湿相胜。而无燥热之化。是以元谷不成。）岁土不及。
风乃大行。化气不令。草木茂荣。飘扬而甚。秀而不实。上应岁星。（土运不及。木反胜之。故风乃大行。而土之化气。
不能章其政令也。风主生物。土主成物。故草木虽茂荣。而多不成实也。上应岁星增光。土运不及。六己岁也。）民病飧
泄霍乱。体重腹痛。筋骨徭复。肌肉 酸。善怒。脏气举事。蛰虫早附。咸病寒中。上应岁星镇星。其谷 。（ 、动也。
飧泄霍乱。体重腹痛。肌肉 酸。皆风木伤土之病。徭、摇同。根结篇曰。所谓骨徭者。摇故也。筋骨摇动。乃厥阴少
阳之病。风木太过。故筋骨复摇而善怒也。土气不及。则木无所制。故脏气举事。而蛰虫早归附也。咸病寒中者。水寒
上乘。而火土衰也。上应岁星增光。镇星失色。土受其制。故其谷 。）复则收政严峻。名木苍凋。胸胁暴痛。下引少腹。
善太息。虫食甘黄。气客于脾。 谷乃减。民食少失味。苍谷乃损。上应太白岁星。（土弱木亢。金乃复之。故收政严峻。
而名木苍凋。病胸胁暴痛。下引少腹。肝木之病也。灵枢经曰。胆病者。善太息。盖木郁则胆气不舒。故太息以伸出之。
虫感寒湿之气而生。气、水气也。虫食甘黄。气客于脾。水侵土也。盖土运不及。而脏气举事。故金虽复之。而子亦随
之。金气复。则苍谷乃损。水气胜。则 谷乃减。民食少失味矣。上应太白增光。）上临厥阴。流水不冰。蛰虫来见。脏
气不用。白乃不复。上应岁星。民乃康。（上临厥阴。己巳己亥岁也。厥阴在上。则少阳在下。是以流水不冰。蛰虫不藏。
而脏气不用。谓岁半以下。得少阳之火。而冬令不寒也。岁运之木。虽不务其德。而乘侮其土。然值厥阴司天。木气不
虚。故白乃不复。上应岁星增光。按胜气在于岁半以前。复气在于岁半以后。秋冬之时。木气已平。金气不复。故民乃
得康矣。当知胜气妄行。反自虚其本位。而子母皆虚。故复气得以复之。如本气不虚。则子气亦实。复气亦畏其子而不
敢复矣。）岁金不及。炎火乃行。生气乃用。长气专胜。庶物以茂。燥烁以行。上应荧惑星。（金运不及。则所胜之火气
乃行。金不能制木。故木之生气乃用。火之长气专胜。生长之气盛。故庶物以茂。火气专胜。故燥烁以行。上应荧惑光
芒倍大。岁金不及。六乙岁也。）民病肩背瞀重。鼽嚏。血便注下。收气乃后。上应太白星。其谷坚芒。（瞀音务嚏音啻。
肺
俞在肩背。故民病肩背。低目俯首曰瞀。经脉篇曰。肺是动。则病缺盆中痛。甚则交两手而瞀。鼽嚏、肺病也。血便注
下。火迫血液下注也。金受其制。是以收气至秋深而后乃行。上应太白失色。收气乃后。故其谷后成。坚芒。成实也。）
复则寒雨暴至。乃零。冰雹霜雪杀物。阴厥且格。阳反上行。头脑户痛。延及脑顶发热。上应辰星。丹谷不成。民病口
疮。甚则心痛。（金弱火亢。水乃复之。故寒雨暴至。继以冰雹杀物。乃寒水之变也。厥、逆。格、招也。秋冬之时。阳
气应收藏于阴脏。因寒气厥逆。且格阳于外。致阳反上行。而头脑户痛。延及脑顶发热。上应辰星倍明。水胜其长气。
是以丹谷不成。水寒之气上乘。迫其心火外炎。故民病口疮。甚则心痛。）岁水不及。湿乃大行。长气反用。其化乃速。
暑雨数至。上应镇星。（数音朔。水运不及。土乃胜之。故湿气大行。水弱而不能制火。故长气反用。火土合化。故土之
化气乃速。而暑雨数至。六元政纪大论曰。太阴所至为化。为云雨。上应镇星倍明。水运不及。六癸岁也。）民病腹满。
身重濡泄。寒疡流水。腰股痛发。 股膝不便。烦冤。足痿。清厥。脚下痛。甚则跗肿。脏气不政。肾气不衡。上应
辰星。其谷 。（湿土太过。伤及肾阴。故为此诸病。灵枢经曰。阳气有余。荣气不行。乃发为痈。阴阳不通。两热相搏。
乃化为脓。又曰。寒邪客于经络之中。不得复反。则为痈肿。此寒毒而无热化。故发为寒疡。流水而无脓也。寒气上凌。
故烦冤也。水之脏气。不能章其政令。水藏之肾气。不得平衡。上应辰星失色。 、黑黍也。土制其水。故 谷得成。）
上临太阴。则大寒数举。蛰虫早藏。地积坚冰。阳光不治。民病寒疾于下。甚则腹满浮肿。上应镇星。其主 谷。（司天
之气。上临太阴。乃辛丑辛未岁也。太阴湿土司天。则太阳寒水在泉。是以大寒数举。而蛰虫早藏也。寒气数举。故阳
光不治于上。寒水在泉。故民病寒疾于下。甚则腹满浮肿者。湿淫太过。而脾土受伤也。上应镇星增耀。下主 谷有成。）
复则大风暴发。草偃木零。生长不鲜。面色时变。筋骨并辟。肉 螈。目视KT KT 。物疏璺。肌肉胗发。气并膈中。
痛于心腹。黄气乃损。其谷不登。上应岁星。（KT 叶荒璺音问。水弱土胜。木后复之。故大风暴发。草偃木落。而生
长不鲜泽也。阳明属土。所主在面。故面色时变。辟、刑伤也。阳明主润宗筋。诸筋皆属于骨。阳明之中土气伤。是以
筋骨并辟也。 螈、动掣也。KT KT 者。眼目不明。因风胜而伤血也。物裂曰璺。物因风而破裂也。胗、疹也。风气
入于膈中。在上则痛于心。在下则痛于腹也。土主成物。土气伤。故其谷不登。上应岁星光芒倍大。）帝曰。善。愿闻
其时也。（谓四时亦有五运之胜复也。至真要大论曰。初气终三气。天气主之。胜之常也。四气至终气。地气主之。复之
常也。盖五运主岁所胜之气。在岁半以前。所复之气。在岁半以后。若夫四时之胜复。随所主之时以胜之。亦随所主之
时以复之。与岁运之不同。故帝有此问。）岐伯曰。悉哉问也。木不及。春有鸣条律畅之化。则秋有雾露清凉之政。春有
惨凄残贼之胜。则夏有炎暑燔烁之复。其眚东。其脏肝。其病内舍 胁。外在关节。（一岁之中。有岁运之胜复。有四时
之胜复。知岁与时。而运始详悉。故伯曰悉哉问也。木不及则金当胜之。如春有鸣条律畅之化。则秋有雾露清凉之政。
此各守四时之本位。无胜无复。气之和者也。如春有惨凄残贼之胜。则夏有炎暑燔烁之复。其灾眚当主于东方。其脏在
肝。其病内舍 胁。肝之分也。外在关节。肝主筋也。余四时同义。张玉师曰。不及。谓岁运之不及。岁运不及。必有
胜有复。如得时气之和。则无胜复矣。）火不及。夏有炳明光显之化。则冬有严肃霜寒之政。夏有惨凄凝冽之胜。则不时
有埃昏大雨之复。其眚南。其脏心。其病内舍膺胁。外在经络。（水不胜火。则火有明显之德化矣。无胜则无复。冬得以
章其寒肃之政令矣。不时、四时也。埃昏大雨之复。土复水也。其灾眚当主在南方。其脏为心。其病内舍膺胁。膺胸之
内。心之分也。外在经络。心主血脉也。）土不及。四维有埃云润泽之化。则春有鸣条鼓拆之政。四维发振拉飘腾之变。
则秋有肃杀霖霪之复。其眚四维。其脏脾。其病内舍心腹。外在肌肉四肢。（埃云润泽。土之德化也。鸣条鼓拆。木之政
令也。此气之和平。无胜复也。振拉飘腾。木淫而胜土也。肃杀霖霪。秋金之复也。土王四时。故曰四维。曰不时。心
者。胃脘之分。腹者。脾土之郛郭也。徐振公曰。四维者。乾坤艮巽之方。盖东南西北。水火木金之正位。土王四季月。
故在四维。）金不及。夏有光显郁蒸之令。则冬有严凝整肃之应。夏有炎烁燔燎之变。则秋有冰雹霜雪之复。其眚西。其
脏肺。病内舍膺胁肩背。外在皮毛。（雹音薄。光显郁蒸。火之化也。六元正纪大论曰。少阳所至为火生。终为蒸溽。此
德化之常也。膺胸之内。肺之分也。胁内、乃云门天府之分。肺脉之所出。肩背、肺俞之分、皮毛、肺所主也。）水不及。
四维有湍润埃云之化。则不时有和风生发之应。四维发埃昏骤注之变。则不时有飘荡振拉之复。其眚北。其脏肾。其病
内舍腰脊骨髓。外在溪谷 膝。（水不及则土胜之。湍润埃云。土之德化也。和风生发。木之和气也。埃昏骤注。土之淫
胜也。飘荡振拉。风木之复也。腰脊者。肾之府。骨髓者。肾所主。溪谷者。骨所属。 膝者。肾脉之所循也。）夫五运
之政。犹权衡也。高者抑之。下者举之。化者应之。变者复之。此长生化成收藏之理。气之常也。失常。则天地四塞矣。
（夫五运阴阳之政令。犹权衡之平。高而亢者。必有所抑。因太过也。卑而下者。必有所举。因不及也。德化者。四时
应之。变易者。随时复之。此生长化收藏之理。四时之常气也。失常则天地四时之气。皆闭塞矣。）故曰。天地之动静。
神明为之纪。阴阳之往复。寒暑彰其兆。此之谓也。（应天之气。动而不息。应地之气。静而守位。神明者。九星悬朗。
七曜周旋也。此承上文而言盛衰胜复。即天地之动静。生长化收藏即阴阳之往复。动静不可见。有神明之纪可察。阴阳
不可测。有寒暑之兆可知。此天地阴阳之道也。）帝曰。夫子之言五气之变。四时之应。可谓悉矣。夫气之动乱。触遇
而作。发无常会。卒然灾合。何以期之。岐伯曰。天地之动变。固不常在。而德化政令灾变。不同其候也。帝曰。何谓
也。岐伯曰。东方生风。风生木。其德敷和。其化生荣。其政舒启。其令风。其变振发。其灾散落。南方生热。热生火。
其德彰显。其化蕃茂。其政明曜。其令热。其变销烁。其灾燔 。中央生湿。湿生土。其德溽蒸。其化丰备。其政安静。
其令湿。其变骤注。其灾霖溃。西方生燥。燥生金。其德清洁。其化紧敛。其政劲切。其令燥。其变肃杀。其灾苍陨。
北方生寒。寒生水。其德凄沧。其化清谧。其政凝肃其令寒。其变凛冽。其灾冰雹霜雪。是以察其动也。有德有化。有
政有令。有变有灾。而物由之。而人应之也。（此节复论五运四时之气。有德化之常。有灾眚之变。必察其动而后知之。
(It follows the discussion on "Excess".) The White Dew solar term arrives early. The Qi of harvesting and killing prevails. Cold rain damages all things. Insects eat sweet and yellow grains. The Spleen Earth is affected by pathogenic factors. The Red Qi (Fire) transforms late. The Heart Qi's treatment time is delayed. The upper Metal overcomes Lung Metal. The White Qi (Metal) is suppressed. The corresponding grains fail to mature.
The patient presents with coughing and nasal congestion (rhinorrhea). This corresponds in the heavens to the changes of Yinghuo Star (Mars) and Taibai Star (Venus). (This section re-discusses the year where Yangming Dryness Metal governs the Heaven. Since Metal Qi is in charge, at the transition from summer to autumn, White Dew arrives early, the Qi of harvesting and killing operates, while Fire Qi appears later as a retaliatory force. This is because in years of deficiency, the Qi that it overcomes acts recklessly, thereby emptying its own position, allowing the retaliatory Qi to overcome it. Here, Yangming Metal Qi is originally strong. When Metal Qi is strong, its son Qi (Water Qi) can also overcome Fire. Although the son of Wood desires to retaliate, the son of Metal can overcome it; thus, Red Qi transforms late. Cold rain is Cold Water Qi, which is the son of Metal. The Longing (growth) Qi develops late, while the command of storage acts early, causing harm to all things, so the grains do not mature. Insects are born feeling the Qi of rain and dampness. At the transition from summer to autumn, Earth Qi is in charge but is overcome by cold rain; thus, insects eat sweet and yellow grains, and Spleen Earth is affected. The Lung opens into the nose, hence coughing and rhinorrhea. 'Jiu' refers to clear mucus flowing from the nose. In the heavens, this corresponds to the brightness of Yinghuo increasing and Taibai decreasing. Master Zhang Yu said: When Yangming Dryness Metal governs Heaven, Shaoyin Ministerial Fire governs the final Qi period. Thus, Red Qi transforms late, and White Qi begins to be suppressed. "Its grains do not mature" should be read in contrast to "its grains are white and firm." Fire governs the growth Qi, Metal governs the harvest Qi. In the previous section, Fire controlled Metal, so flowers and fruits transformed together, and grains became firm and mature. In this section, the Qi of harvesting and killing is strong, cold rain acts early, and the growth Qi develops late; the order of the four seasons is disrupted, so the grains do not mature. Statements like "its grains are green," "its grains are white and firm," "its grains are red," etc., discuss the maturation of grains. Statements like "its grains do not mature," "original grains do not mature," "green grains are damaged," "flowers without fruit," "grains do not yield," discuss the failure of grains.)
In a year where Fire Transport is deficient, Cold Qi spreads largely. The administration of Growth is not implemented. Things flourish but then decline. The atmosphere becomes condensed and severe. Yang Qi fails to transform. The flourishing beauty of things is broken. This corresponds to Chenxing (Mercury).
(The deficiency of Year Fire allows Water to counter-attack, so Cold Qi spreads largely, and the administration of Growth is not implemented. All things need the Qi of Growth to flourish and become beautiful. The Qi of Summer Growth is broken by the Cold above, so the flourishing state of things declines downward. Condensed severity refers to Yin-Cold Qi. Taiyang Qi is born within Cold Water. If the condensation and severity are too extreme, Yang Qi cannot be generated and transformed. All things rely on Yang Qi to flourish; if Yang Qi does not transform, their flourishing beauty is broken. The first sentence states that when Cold dominates above, the Growth Qi cannot flourish upwards. The second sentence states that when Cold condenses below, Yang Qi cannot exert transformation upwards. When Water Qi dominates, it corresponds to an increase in the brightness of Chenxing. A year of Year Fire deficiency is a Gui year of the Six Stems.)
The people suffer from pain in the chest, distension and fullness in the flanks, pain in both hypochondria, pain in the chest, back, shoulders, thighs, and inner arms, dizziness, confusion, blurred vision, heart pain, sudden aphonia, abdominal distension, pulling pain between the hypochondria and lower back, and in severe cases, inability to bend or straighten the body, with hips and thighs feeling detached. This corresponds to Yinghuo and Chenxing. The corresponding grain is red (Dan).
(When Fire Transport is deficient, Cold overcomes it, so Yang Qi cannot exert transformation, leading to these pains. As stated, Cold overcoming leads to pain and bi-syndrome. Dizziness, confusion, and blurred vision are caused by Cold-Damp misting over clarity. Cold Water attacking the Heart causes heart pain. The Heart governs speech, hence sudden aphonia. Taiyang governs the Qi of all Yang, born in Cold Water. Extreme Cold invasion makes Sheng Yang deficient. Inability to bend or straighten indicates pathology in the sinews; Taiyang governs sinews, and Yang deficiency fails to nourish them. Pathology of Taiyang Qi involves waist pain as if breaking, thighs unable to flex, ankles feeling bound, and hips feeling detached; this is called An-Jue. It corresponds to Yinghuo losing brightness and Chenxing doubling in brightness. Fire is controlled, so the grain is red.)
Upon retaliation, dust gathers, heavy rain is imminent, and Black Qi (Water Qi) descends. Diseases include loose stools, abdominal fullness, inability to eat or drink, cold injury in the middle jiao, borborygmus, projectile diarrhea, abdominal pain, sudden spasms, flaccidity and bi-syndrome, and feet unable to support the body. This corresponds to Zhenshi (Saturn) and Chenxing. Black grains do not mature.
(This occurs when Water excess is followed by Earth retaliation. 'Ai' means earth, 'Yu' means steaming. Damp-Earth Qi steams upward, causing heavy rain, as described: "Earth Qi generates clouds and rain." *Suwen: Liu Yuan Zheng Ji Da Lun* states: "Where Tainyin arrives, there is generation of dampness, ending in pouring rain." Black Qi is Water Qi; 'Ru' means descending. Earth retaliation causes Water Qi to subside. Loose stools, abdominal fullness, and feet unable to support the body are all Cold-Damp syndromes. Because Cold Water is excessive and Wet Earth retaliates, these diseases arise. In the heavens, Zhenshi brightens and Chenxing dims. Cold and Damp contend without Dryness-Heat transformation, so black grains do not mature.)
In a year where Earth Transport is deficient, Wind Qi spreads largely. The Transformation Qi does not issue its commands. Grass and trees flourish luxuriantly, swaying excessively, flowering but failing to bear fruit. This corresponds to Suixing (Jupiter).
(Earth Transport deficiency allows Wood to counter-attack, so Wind Qi spreads largely, and Earth's Transformation Qi cannot manifest its administration. Wind governs generating life, Earth governs completing formation. Thus, although grass and trees flourish, they often fail to bear fruit. This corresponds to Suixing increasing in light. A year of Earth Transport deficiency is a Ji year of the Six Stems.)
The people suffer from undigested food in stool (sun-xie), cholera-like vomiting and diarrhea, heavy body, abdominal pain, trembling of sinews and bones, muscle soreness, irritability, chaotic organ Qi, early hiding of hibernating insects, and all suffer from cold-injury syndromes. This corresponds to Suixing and Zhenshi. The corresponding grain color is unspecified (text missing, usually implying damage to yellow/white grains).
(Sun-xie, cholera, heavy body, abdominal pain, and muscle soreness are diseases of Wind-Wood injuring Earth. 'Yao' is synonymous with 'Yao' (shake). *Gen Jie Pian* states: "What is called bone yao is shaking." Trembling of sinews and bones is a disease of Jueyin and Shaoyang. Excessive Wind-Wood causes sinews and bones to shake and irritability. Earth deficiency leaves Wood unchecked, causing chaotic organ Qi and early hiding of insects. All suffering from cold-injury is due to Cold Water surging upward while Fire and Earth decline. This corresponds to Suixing brightening and Zhenshi dimming. Earth is controlled, so grains are damaged.)
Upon retaliation, the Harvesting Administration is severe. Tall trees wither and turn pale. There is sudden pain in the chest and hypochondria, radiating to the lower abdomen, frequent sighing. Insects eat sweet and yellow grains. Pathogenic Qi lodges in the Spleen. Yellow grains decrease. People have poor appetite and loss of taste. Green grains are damaged. This corresponds to Taibai and Suixing.
(Earth is weak, Wood is hyperactive, so Metal retaliates. Thus, the Harvesting Administration is severe, and tall trees wither. Pain in chest and hypochondria radiating to the lower abdomen is a Liver-Wood disease. *Ling Shu* states: "Patients of Gallbladder disease sigh frequently." Because Wood stagnation prevents Gallbladder Qi from diffusing, sighing serves to release it. Insects are born feeling Cold-Damp Qi; 'Qi' here refers to Water Qi. Insects eating sweet/yellow grains and Qi lodging in Spleen indicates Water invading Earth. Due to Earth Transport deficiency and chaotic organ Qi, even though Metal retaliates, its son (Water) follows. Metal retaliation damages green grains; Water dominance reduces yellow grains. People have poor appetite and loss of taste. This corresponds to Taibai brightening.)
When Upper Jueyin (Wind-Wood) governs Heaven, flowing water does not freeze. Hibernating insects appear. Organ Qi is inactive. White Qi (Metal) does not return. This corresponds to Suixing. The people are healthy.
(Upper Jueyin refers to Ji-Si and Ji-Hai years. With Jueyin above, Shaoyang is below, so flowing water does not freeze, and hibernating insects do not hide. "Organ Qi inactive" means that in the second half of the year, Shaoyang Fire provides warmth, preventing winter cold. Although the Year Wood Transport does not exercise virtue and attacks Earth, since Jueyin governs Heaven, Wood Qi is not deficient, so Metal Qi does not retaliate. This corresponds to Suixing brightening. Note: Dominant Qi acts in the first half of the year; Retaliatory Qi acts in the second half. In autumn and winter, Wood Qi has leveled out, so Metal does not retaliate, and the people remain healthy. One must understand that when Dominant Qi acts recklessly, it empties its own position, leaving mother and son deficient, allowing Retaliatory Qi to act. If original Qi is not deficient, son Qi is also solid, and Retaliatory Qi fears the son and dares not retaliate.)
In a year where Metal Transport is deficient, Blazing Fire spreads. Generating Qi acts. Long Qi (Growth Qi) dominates exclusively. All things flourish. Dryness and heat prevail. This corresponds to Yinghuo Star.
(Metal Transport deficiency allows the overcome Fire Qi to spread. Metal cannot control Wood, so Wood's Generating Qi acts. Fire's Growth Qi dominates exclusively. Strong growth Qi causes all things to flourish. Exclusive Fire Qi causes dryness and heat. This corresponds to Yinghuo doubling in brightness. A year of Metal Transport deficiency is a Yi year of the Six Stems.)
The people suffer from shoulder and back heaviness and dizziness, nasal congestion and sneezing, bloody stools and projectile diarrhea. The Receiving Qi (Harvest) is delayed. This corresponds to Taibai Star. The corresponding grains are firm and awned.
('Mao' pronounced wu, 'Ti' pronounced chi. Lung Shu points are on the shoulder and back, hence shoulder pathology. Bowing head is 'mao'. *Mai Jing Pian* states: "When Lung moves, there is pain in the supraclavicular fossa; severely, crossing hands and dizziness occur." Nasal congestion and sneezing are Lung diseases. Bloody stools and projectile diarrhea result from Fire forcing blood downward. Controlled by Metal, the Receiving Qi only acts deep in autumn. This corresponds to Taibai dimming. Delayed Receiving Qi means grains mature late. 'Jian Mang' means firm and awned, indicating maturity.)
Upon retaliation, cold rain falls suddenly, followed by hail, frost, and snow killing all things. Yin Jue (Cold reversal) and Ge (blockage) occur. Yang Qi reverses and ascends. Pain in the occiput extends to the vertex with fever. This corresponds to Chenxing. Red grains do not mature. People suffer from mouth ulcers; in severe cases, heart pain.
(Metal is weak, Fire is hyperactive, so Water retaliates. Cold rain falls suddenly, followed by hail killing things; this is a change of Cold Water. 'Jue' is reversal, 'Ge' is attraction. In autumn and winter, Yang Qi should store in Yin organs. Due to Cold Qi reversal and blocking Yang externally, Yang reverses and ascends, causing occipital pain extending to the vertex with fever. This corresponds to Chenxing brightening. Water overcomes Growth Qi, so red grains do not mature. Cold Water Qi surges upward, forcing Heart Fire outward, causing mouth ulcers and severe heart pain.)
In a year where Water Transport is deficient, Dampness spreads largely. Growth Qi acts inversely. Its transformation is rapid. Summer heat and rain arrive frequently. This corresponds to Zhenshi Star.
('Shuo' pronunciation. Water Transport deficiency allows Earth to overcome, so Dampness spreads largely. Weak Water cannot control Fire, so Growth Qi acts inversely. Fire and Earth combine to transform, making Earth's transformation rapid, leading to frequent summer heat and rain. *Liu Yuan Zheng Ji Da Lun* states: "Where Tainyin arrives, there is transformation, clouds, and rain." This corresponds to Zhenshi doubling in brightness. A year of Water Transport deficiency is a Gui year of the Six Stems.)
The people suffer from abdominal distension, heavy body, damp diarrhea, cold ulcers weeping fluid, pain in waist and thighs, difficulty in thighs and knees, vexation, foot flaccidity, cold extremities, foot pain, and in severe cases, dorsal foot edema. Organ Qi fails to administer. Kidney Qi fails to balance. This corresponds to Chenxing. The corresponding grain is black millet.
(Excessive Wet Earth injures Kidney Yin, causing these diseases. *Ling Shu* states: "Excess Yang Qi blocks Ying Qi, leading to carbuncles. Blockage of Yin and Yang, clashing of two heats, turns to pus." Also: "Cold pathogen lodging in meridians, unable to return, forms swelling. This is cold toxicity without heat transformation, forming cold ulcers weeping fluid without pus." Cold Qi surging upward causes vexation. Water organ Qi fails to manifest its administration; Kidney Qi fails to balance. This corresponds to Chenxing dimming. 'Hei Mi' is black millet. Earth controls Water, so black millet matures.)
When Upper Tainyin (Damp-Earth) governs Heaven, great cold rises frequently. Hibernating insects hide early. Ground accumulates hard ice. Sunlight fails to govern. People suffer from cold diseases in the lower body; in severe cases, abdominal distension and edema. This corresponds to Zhenshi. The governing grain is black millet.
(Tian Qi governing Upper Tainyin refers to Xin-Chou and Xin-Wei years. Tainyin Damp-Earth governs Heaven, Taiyang Cold-Water governs Earth. Thus, great cold rises frequently, and insects hide early. Frequent cold means sunlight fails to govern above. Cold-Water in泉 (Earth) causes cold diseases below. Severe abdominal distension and edema result from excessive Dampness injuring Spleen Earth. This corresponds to Zhenshi brightening. Lower governance yields black millet.)
Upon retaliation, violent storms erupt. Grass bends, trees shed leaves. Growth is not fresh. Facial color changes intermittently. Sinews and bones contract. Muscles twitch. Vision blurs. Objects crack. Skin rashes appear. Qi merges in the diaphragm. Pain in heart and abdomen. Yellow Qi is damaged. Grains do not yield. This corresponds to Suixing.
('Kuang', 'Ye', 'Huang', 'Wen' pronounced wen. Water weak, Earth strong, Wood retaliates later. Violent storms cause grass to bend and trees to fall, so growth is not lush. Yangming belongs to Earth, governing the face, so facial color changes. 'Pi' means injury/cramping. Yangming moistens Zongjin; all sinews attach to bones. Injury to Middle Earth in Yangming causes sinew and bone cramping. 'Yuan' is twitching. 'Kuang Kuang' is blurred vision due to Wind damaging Blood. Cracking of objects is 'wen'. Wind rupture causes cracking. 'Zhen' is rash. Wind Qi entering diaphragm causes heart pain above and abdominal pain below. Earth governs completion; Earth injury means grains do not yield. This corresponds to Suixing doubling in brightness.)
The Emperor said: Excellent. I wish to hear about the timing. (Meaning: Do the four seasons also have Five Transport dominance and retaliation? *Zhi Zhen Yao Da Lun* states: From Initial Qi to Third Qi, Heaven Qi governs; this is the norm of dominance. From Fourth Qi to Final Qi, Earth Qi governs; this is the norm of retaliation. The Qi dominated by Five Transport for the year acts in the first half; retaliatory Qi acts in the second half. However, seasonal dominance and retaliation follow the specific season. Hence the Emperor's question.)
Qibo said: Your question is thorough. In a year of Wood deficiency, if spring has the transformation of rustling branches and smooth flow, then autumn will have the administration of fog, dew, and coolness. If spring has the dominance of cruel and destructive wind, then summer will have the retaliation of blazing heat and scorching sun. The disaster lies in the East. The affected organ is the Liver. The disease resides internally in the hypochondrium and externally in the joints.
(Within a year, there is Year Transport dominance/retaliation and seasonal dominance/retaliation. Knowing both year and season makes the transport detailed. Qibo says the question is thorough. Wood deficiency invites Metal dominance. If spring has harmonious transformation, autumn has harmonious administration; each stays in its seasonal position, no dominance or retaliation, representing harmony. If spring has cruel dominance, summer has scorching retaliation. Disaster lies in the East. Organ is Liver. Disease resides in hypochondrium (Liver area) and externally in joints (Liver governs sinews). The same logic applies to other seasons. Master Zhang Yu said: Deficiency refers to Year Transport deficiency. Year Transport deficiency implies dominance and retaliation. If seasonal Qi is harmonious, there is no dominance or retaliation.)
In a year of Fire deficiency, if summer has the transformation of bright brilliance, then winter will have the administration of solemn frost and cold. If summer has the dominance of cruel cold and freezing, then irregular times will see the retaliation of dusty haze and heavy rain. The disaster lies in the South. The affected organ is the Heart. The disease resides internally in the chest and hypochondrium and externally in the collaterals.
(If Water does not overcome Fire, Fire manifests obvious virtue and transformation. No dominance means no retaliation; winter can manifest its cold and solemn administration. 'Irregular times' refers to the four seasons. Retaliation of dusty haze and heavy rain is Earth retaliating against Water. Disaster lies in the South. Organ is Heart. Disease resides in chest (Heart area) and externally in collaterals (Heart governs blood vessels).)
In a year of Earth deficiency, the four corners (end of seasons) have the transformation of dusty clouds and moistening. Then spring has the administration of rustling branches and drumming thunder. If the four corners experience shaking, tearing, and swirling changes, then autumn has the retaliation of肃杀 (severe killing) and continuous rain. The disaster lies in the four corners. The affected organ is the Spleen. The disease resides internally in the heart and abdomen and externally in muscles and limbs.
(Dusty clouds and moistening are Earth's virtue. Rustling branches and drumming thunder are Wood's administration. This is harmonious Qi, no dominance or retaliation. Shaking and tearing is Wood excess overcoming Earth. Severe killing and continuous rain is Autumn Metal retaliation. Earth reigns over the four seasons, hence "four corners" or "irregular times." Heart is stomach region; abdomen is Spleen Earth's enclosure. Xu Zhen Gong said: Four corners refer to Qian, Kun, Gen, Xun directions, i.e., SE, SW, NE, NW, the true positions of Water, Fire, Wood, Metal. Earth reigns over the last month of each season, hence in the four corners.)
In a year of Metal deficiency, summer has the command of bright and humid heat. Then winter has the response of strict condensation and solemnity. If summer has changes of scorching fire and burning, then autumn has the retaliation of hail, frost, and snow. The disaster lies in the West. The affected organ is the Lung. The disease resides internally in the chest, hypochondrium, shoulder, and back and externally in skin and hair.
('Bao' pronounced bo. Bright and humid heat is Fire's transformation. *Liu Yuan Zheng Ji Da Lun* states: "Where Shaoyang arrives, there is fire generation, ending in steaming humidity." This is the constant virtue/transformation. Chest interior is Lung area. Hypochondrium interior is Yunmen and Tianfu areas, exit of Lung meridian. Shoulder and back are Lung Shu areas. Skin and hair are governed by Lung.)
In a year of Water deficiency, the four corners have the transformation of rushing moisture and dusty clouds. Then irregular times have the response of gentle wind and generation. If the four corners experience dusty haze and sudden pouring changes, then irregular times have the retaliation of swirling and shaking. The disaster lies in the North. The affected organ is the Kidney. The disease resides internally in the waist, spine, and marrow and externally in muscle valleys and popliteal/femoral regions.
(Water deficiency allows Earth to overcome. Rushing moisture and dusty clouds are Earth's virtue. Gentle wind and generation are Wood's harmonious Qi. Dusty haze and sudden pouring are Earth's excessive dominance. Swirling and shaking are Wind-Wood retaliation. Waist and spine are the mansion of Kidney. Marrow is governed by Kidney. Muscle valleys belong to bones. Popliteal/femoral regions are pathways of Kidney meridian.)
The administration of the Five Transports is like a balance. High ones are suppressed; low ones are lifted. Transformations respond; changes retaliate. This is the principle of growth, transformation, and storage. It is the constant of Qi. Deviation from the constant results in the blockage of heaven, earth, and the four seasons.
(The administration of Five Transports and Yin-Yang is like a balance. High and亢 (excessive) must be suppressed due to excess. Low and inferior must be lifted due to deficiency. Virtues and transformations are responded to by the four seasons. Changes are retaliated against according to time. This is the principle of growth, transformation, and storage, the constant Qi of the four seasons. Deviation causes blockage of heaven, earth, and seasonal Qi.)
Therefore it is said: The movement and stillness of heaven and earth are regulated by the Divine Lights (stars). The recurrence of Yin and Yang is manifested by cold and heat. This is what is meant.
(Qi responding to Heaven moves and does not cease. Qi responding to Earth is still and holds its position. Divine Lights refer to the nine stars shining brightly and the seven luminaries revolving. This continues the discussion of excess/deficiency and dominance/retaliation, i.e., movement/stillness of heaven and earth. Growth/transformation/storage is the recurrence of Yin/Yang. Movement/stillness are invisible but observable through Divine Lights. Yin/Yang are unfathomable but knowable through signs of cold/heat. This is the Way of Heaven and Earth Yin-Yang.)
The Emperor said: The words of the master regarding the changes of five Qi and responses of four seasons are indeed thorough. But the disturbance of Qi arises upon contact, with no fixed meeting point, and disasters happen suddenly. How can one predict them?
Qibo said: The movements and changes of heaven and earth are indeed not always constant. However, the phenomena of virtue, transformation, administration, command, disaster, and change differ.
The Emperor said: What do you mean?
Qibo said: The East generates Wind; Wind generates Wood. Its virtue is spreading harmony. Its transformation is generating prosperity. Its administration is opening and releasing. Its command is Wind. Its change is shaking and issuing. Its disaster is scattering and falling. The South generates Heat; Heat generates Fire. Its virtue is manifest illumination. Its transformation is abundant growth. Its administration is bright shining. Its command is Heat. Its change is melting and drying. Its disaster is burning. The Center generates Dampness; Dampness generates Earth. Its virtue is humid steaming. Its transformation is abundant preparation. Its administration is quiet and stable. Its command is Dampness. Its change is sudden pouring. Its disaster is continuous rain and collapse. The West generates Dryness; Dryness generates Metal. Its virtue is cleanliness. Its transformation is tight contraction. Its administration is vigorous and cutting. Its command is Dryness. Its change is severe killing. Its disaster is pale withering. The North generates Cold; Cold generates Water. Its virtue is chilling bleakness. Its transformation is clear tranquility. Its administration is congealing and solemn. Its command is Cold. Its change is biting cold. Its disaster is hail, frost, and snow. Therefore, observing its movement, there are virtue and transformation, administration and command, change and disaster. Things follow from this, and humans respond to this.
(This section re-discusses the Qi of Five Transports and four seasons, having constant virtue/transformation and variable disaster/harm. One must observe the movement to know it.)