五运主岁有太过不及之气交。有胜复之变易。故以名篇。
黄帝问曰。五运更治。上应天期。阴阳往复。寒暑迎随。真邪相薄。内外分离。六经波荡。五气倾移。太过不及。
专胜兼并。愿言其始。而有常名。可得闻乎。（五运更治者。五运相袭而更治之也。上应天期者。每运主期年之三百六十
五日。上应周天之三百六十五度也。阴阳往复者。有余而往。不足随之。不足而往。有余随之也。迎随、往来也。真邪
相薄者。有德化之祥。有变易之气也。内外、表里也。六经、三阴三阳之六经。五气、五脏之气也。此言民感胜复之气
而为病也。专胜兼并者。太过不及之岁。所胜之气专胜。有胜复之气兼并。如委和之纪。是谓胜生。其果枣李。其谷稷
稻。其味酸辛。其色白苍。其畜火鸡。其音角商是也。始者。天气始于甲。地气始于子。子甲相合而岁运立矣。）岐伯稽
首再拜对曰。昭乎哉问也。是明道也。此上帝所贵。先师传之。臣虽不敏。往闻其旨。（言道由师传。不假自得。）帝曰。
余闻得其人不教。是谓失道。传非其人。慢泄天宝。余诚菲德。未足以受至道。然而众子哀其不终。愿夫子保于无穷。
流于无极。余司其事。则而行之。奈何。（修道之谓教。易曰。苟非其人。道不虚行。垂教后世。以保子孙黎民于无穷无
极者。大圣之业也。事、阴阳通变之事。则、法也。）岐伯曰。请遂言之也。上经曰。夫道者。上知天文。下知地理。中
知人事。可以常久。此之谓也。（上经谓上世先师所传之经。能知天地人三才之道。可通于无穷。究于无极也。）帝曰。
何谓也。岐伯曰。本气位也。位天者。天文也。位地者。地理也。通于人气之变化者。人事也。故太过者先天。不及者
后天。所谓治化。而人应之也。（气位者。五运六气。各有司天纪地主岁主时之定位也。天位者。在天之呈象也。位地者。
地理之应六节也。人居天地气交之中。随四时阴阳之变化者。人事也。故运气之太过者。四时之气。先天时而至。岁运
之不及者。四时之气。后天时而至。此岁运之变化。而人应之也。金西铭曰。苍 丹素元。天之象也。风寒暑湿燥火。
天之气也。）帝曰。五运之化。太过何如。岐伯曰。岁木太过。风气流行。脾土受邪。民病飧泄。食减。体重。烦冤。肠
鸣。腹支满。上应岁星。岁木太过。则制胜其土气。故民应之而为脾病也。飧泄食减。肠鸣腹满。皆脾土之病。脾主肌
肉四肢。故体重烦冤者。土伤而不能制水。水气上乘于心也。上应岁星。光芒倍大。岁星、木星也。木运太过。诸壬岁
也。甚则忽忽善怒。眩冒巅疾。（此言淫胜太甚。则反自伤也。善怒。肝志之病也。厥阴与督脉会于巅。故眩冒巅疾。）
化气不政。生气独治。云物飞动。草木不宁。甚而摇落。反胁痛而吐甚。冲阳绝者死不治。上应太白星。（化气、土气也。
风木太过。是以化气不能章其政令。生气、木气也。风胜则动。是以在上之云物飞动。在下之草木不宁。反胁痛而吐甚
者。淫极而反招损也。食气入胃。散精于肝。肝气虚逆。故吐甚也。冲阳、胃脉也。木淫而土气已绝。故为不治之死证。
上应太白星明。太白、金星也。盖岁运太过。畏星失色。而兼其母。岁木太过。则镇星失色。而火之荧惑亦无光矣。荧
惑失明。故太白得见而复胜其木。此交相承制。自然之理也。）岁火太过。炎暑流行。金肺受邪。民病疟。少气。咳喘。
血溢。血泄注下。嗌燥。耳聋中。热肩背热。上应荧惑星。（火胜则克金。故金肺受邪。 疟、暑热病也。壮火食气。故
少气。肺受火热。故喘咳也。肺朝百脉。阳脉伤。则血溢于上。阴脉伤。则血泄于下也。肺乃水之生源。嗌燥者。火热
烁金也。肾开窍于耳。水源已竭。则肾虚而耳聋矣。中热者。热淫于内也。肩背者。肺之俞也。荧惑、火星也。火气胜。
故上应荧惑。光芒倍大。火运太过。诸戊运也。）甚则胸中痛。胁支满。胁痛。膺背肩胛间痛。两臂内痛。身热。骨痛。
而为浸淫。（此亢极而心火自伤也。膺胸之内。心主之宫城也。背为阳。心为阳中之太阳。故胸中膺背肩胛间痛。手少阴
心脉出胁下。循 内。下肘中。循臂内后兼。是以胁支满痛。两臂内痛。身热骨痛者。火亢而水亦伤也。浸淫、火热疮
也。脏气法时论曰。心痛者。胸中痛。胁支满。胁下痛。膺背肩胛间痛。两臂内痛。金匮要略曰。譬如浸淫疮。从口流
向四肢者可治。从四肢流来入口者不可治。）收气不行。长气独明。雨水霜寒。上应辰星。（此金气郁而水气复也。收气、
金气也。长气、火气也。雨水霜寒。寒水之气复也。上应辰星当明。辰星、水星也。）上临少阴少阳。火燔 。冰泉涸。
物焦槁。（上临者。司天之气。上临岁运。所谓天符之岁也。戊子戊午岁。上临少阴。戊寅戊申岁。下临少阳。司天与岁
运相合。火气更甚。故水泉涸而物焦枯也。按诸阳年主太过。故止有戊子戊午戊寅戊申。及丙辰丙戌。有司天上临。与
岁运相合。其余木金土岁。无上临也。）病反谵妄狂越。喘咳息鸣。下甚。血溢泄不已。太渊绝者死不治。上应荧惑星。
（病反者。火亢极而反自伤也。谵妄狂越。热极之变证也。喘咳息鸣者。火上炎而铄金也。心主血脉。下甚。则迫血下
泄而不已也。太渊、肺金之俞穴也。火亢极而金气已绝。故为不治之死证。上应荧惑。光芒倍大。荧惑、火星也。）岁土
太过。雨湿流行。肾水受邪。民病腹痛。清厥。意不乐。体重。烦冤。上应镇星。（在地为土。在天为湿。故岁土太过。
雨湿流行。六元正纪大论曰。太阴所至为云雨。盖湿土之气。上升而为云为雨也。腹痛。谓大腹小腹作痛。乃肾脏之病。
土胜而水伤也。脏气法时论曰。肾病者身重。肾虚者大腹小腹痛。清厥意不乐。清、冷厥、逆也。肾为生气之原。肾气
受邪。故手足厥冷也。意之所存谓之志。肾藏志。志不舒。故意不乐也。人之行动。藉气 而血濡。肾乃血气之生原。
故体重。烦冤者。水不能济火也。岁土太过。故上应镇星增明。镇星、土星也。土运太过。诸甲岁也。）甚则肌肉萎。
足萎不收。行善 。脚下痛。饮发。中满。食减。四肢不举。变生得位。（肌肉四肢。脾土之所主也。饮者。脾气不能转
输。而为痰饮水饮也。中满食减。土虚而不能主化也。此淫胜太甚。则反虚其本位而自伤也。故于四季月之十八日。土
气得位之时。而反变生此病。张玉师曰。以中土而可类推于他脏。如金病在秋。水病在冬。反病在于本位之时。）脏气
伏。化气独治之。泉涌河衍。涸泽生鱼。风雨大至。土崩溃。鳞见于陆。病腹满。溏泄。肠鸣。反下甚而太溪绝者。死
不治。上应岁星。（脏气、水气也、化气、土气也。土胜则制水。是以脏气伏也。泉涌可衍。涸泽生鱼。湿淫太过也。风
雨大至。木气来复也。土崩溃。鳞见于陆。土败而水泛也。腹满、溏泄、肠鸣。脾土之虚证也。太溪、肾脉也。反下甚
而太溪绝者。土败而水反下甚也。水泛甚则肾气绝矣。上应岁星倍明木反胜也。）岁金太过。燥气流行。肝木受邪。民
病两胁下少腹痛。目赤痛。 疡。耳无所闻。肃杀而甚。则体重烦冤。胸痛引背。两胁满。且痛引少腹。上应太白星。
（岁金太过。燥气流行。则肝木受病矣。两胁下少腹痛。肝病也。肝开窍于目。故目痛 疡。肝虚。则耳无所闻也。脏
气法时论曰。肝病者。两胁下痛引少腹。虚则目KT KT 无所见。耳无所闻。体重者。肃杀而甚。无生动之气也。烦
冤者。肝气逆而不舒也。本经曰。肾虚、脾虚、肝虚。皆令人体重烦冤。玉机真脏论曰。肝脉不及。则令人胸痛引背。
下则两胁支满。太白、金星也。金气胜。故上应太白增光。金运太过。诸庚岁也。张玉师曰。上节之两胁下少腹痛。
病肝脏之气也。下节复言两胁满。且痛引少腹者。病肝脏之经脉也。盖运气与脏气相合。是以太过不及之气。先病脏气。
而后及于经脉。与四时所感风寒暑湿之邪。先从皮毛而入于经脉。从经脉而入于脏腑者之不同也。）甚则喘咳逆气。肩
背痛。尻阴股膝髀 足皆病。上应荧惑星。（肃杀太甚。则金气自虚。而火气来复也。喘咳逆气。肺病也。肺俞在肩背。
故肩背痛。尻阴股膝髀 皆病者。金气虚而下及于所生之水脏也。夫金淫太过。则反虚其本位。金虚不能生水。则火无
所畏。而得以复之矣。故上应荧惑增光。）收气峻。生气下。草木敛。苍干凋陨。病反暴痛 胁。不可反侧。咳逆甚而血
溢。太冲绝者死不治。上应太白星。（收气、金气也。生气、木气也。收气峻利。而生气下伏。是以草木敛而苍干凋落矣。
暴痛 胁。不可反侧者。肝胆病也。肝脉贯肺中。故咳逆甚。肝主藏血。故血溢也。太冲、肝之俞脉也。金气强甚。上
应太白增光。按上节之所谓燥气流行。民病两岁下少腹痛者。谓岁运之太过于岁半以下。故至夏而火气得以复之。此复
言收气峻。病反暴痛 胁者。复淫胜于岁半以下也。秋冬乃金水当令之时。故至太冲脉绝。五运之气同义。张玉师曰。
岁木太过。无金气之复。则曰生气独治。谓独主其一岁也。在岁金太过。至秋而复胜。故曰收气峻。在秋冬之时。春阳
之生气已下。故曰生气下。句法字法。各有不同。俱宜着眼。）岁水太过。寒气流行。邪害心火。民病身热。烦心。躁悸。
阴厥。上下中寒。谵妄。心痛。寒气早至。上应辰星。（水运太过。寒气流行。故邪害心火。寒气上乘。迫其火气外炎。
故身热心烦心悸者。水气上凌于心也。躁者。火气不交于阴也。阴气寒甚。故厥逆于上。上下中寒者。三焦之火衰也。
心神不宁。故谵妄也。寒主冬令。此岁气流行。故寒气早至。辰星、水星也。水气太甚。故上应辰星倍明。岁水太过。
诸丙岁也。）甚则腹大胫肿。喘咳。寝汗出。憎风。大雨至。埃雾朦郁。上应镇星。（此水淫甚而自伤。所谓满招损也。
脏气法时论曰。肾病者腹大胫肿。喘咳。寝汗出。憎风。盖水邪泛溢。土不能制之。则腹大胫肿。水气上逆。则喘咳也。
太阳之气。生于水中而主于肤表。水泛则源竭。太阳之气。无从资生。表阳虚。故汗出憎风也。大雨至。埃雾朦郁。水
淫而土气复也。六元正纪大论曰。太阴所至为湿生。终为注雨。埃雾朦郁者。土之湿气上蒸也。土气复。故上应镇星倍
明。）上临太阳。雨冰雪霜不时降。湿气变物。病反满腹肠鸣溏泄。食不化。渴而妄冒。神门绝者死不治。上应荧惑辰星
（上临太阳者。寒水司天之气。加临于上。乃丙辰丙戌二岁。即天符岁也。寒水交盛。是以雨冰雪霜不时降。冰雪者。
寒水之变易也。雨水下降。则土湿而物变。民病腹满肠鸣溏泄。食不化者。皆水泛土败之证也。脾土不能转输其津液。
故渴。湿气冒明。故妄冒也。神门、心脉也。水气甚强。故上应荧惑失色。辰星倍明。）帝曰。善。其不及何如。岐伯
曰。悉乎哉问也。岁木不及。燥乃大行。生气失应。草木晚荣。肃杀而甚。则刚木辟着。柔萎苍干。上应太白星。（岁气
不及。则己所不胜侮而乘之。是以主岁之木运不及。则金之燥气大行。木之生气失时而应。是以草木晚荣。辟、刑也。
着、着也。肃杀之气太甚。故虽坚刚之木。亦受其刑伤。而柔萎者则苍干矣。金气反胜。故上应太白增光。木运不及。
六丁岁也。）民病中清 胁痛。少腹痛。肠鸣溏泄。凉雨时至。上应太白星。其谷苍。（中清者。清凉之气乘于中。而中
气冷也。胁痛少腹痛。肝木病也。食气入胃。散精于肝。行气于筋。肝气虚逆。而更兼中清。故腹鸣溏泄也。金气清凉。
故凉雨时至。金能生水也。金气胜。故上应太白光芒倍大。夫五谷受在地五行之气。而生长化收藏者也。木受金制。故
其谷色苍。）上临阳明。生气失政。草木再荣。化气乃急。上应太白镇星。其主苍早。（阳明燥金。临于司天之上。乃丁
卯丁酉二岁。所谓天刑岁也。岁木不及。而又上临金气。是以木之生气失政。草木受金刑而再荣。木不及则不能制土。
故化气乃急。金土之气胜。上应太白镇星光明。木受金制。故主苍色早见。即制则生化之义。按诸阴年主不及。故止有
丁卯丁酉。及己巳己亥辛丑辛未岁。其诸癸诸乙岁。无曰天之合胜也。张玉师曰。化气乃急。故草木得以再荣。）复则
炎暑流火。湿性燥。柔脆。草木焦槁。下体再生。华实齐化。病寒热疮疡。 胗痈痤。上应荧惑太白。其谷白坚。（脆音
翠音肺胗疹同痤才何切。复者。母郁而子复也。火、大火。流、下也。夏秋之交。大火西流。暑热铄金矣。长夏湿土
主气。因暑热而湿性反燥。故万物柔脆。草木焦槁。火主长气。故下体再生。夫夏主华而秋主成实。火制其金。是以华
实齐化。寒热疮疡痈胗。皆暑热病也。上应荧惑增光。太白减耀。其谷白坚。坚、实也。盖秋主收成。因火制之。故早
The Five Movements (Wu Yun) presiding over the years involve the interaction of Qi with excess (Tai Guo) and deficiency (Bu Ji). There are changes involving the Overcoming (Sheng) and Repaying (Fu) cycles. Hence, this chapter is named accordingly.
Huang Di asked: The Five Movements alternate in governance, corresponding above to the celestial cycles. Yin and Yang cycle back and forth; cold and heat follow one another. True Qi and pathogenic factors contend with each other; interior and exterior separate. The Six Channels (Liu Jing) are disturbed; the Qi of the Five Viscera shifts. Regarding excess and deficiency, or exclusive dominance and joint invasion, I wish to know their origins and fixed names. May I hear them? (The alternation of the Five Movements refers to the Five Movements succeeding one another in governance. Corresponding to celestial cycles means that each Movement governs a year of 365 days, corresponding to the 365 degrees of the celestial sphere. The cycling of Yin and Yang means that when there is surplus, deficiency follows; when there is deficiency, surplus follows. "Following" refers to coming and going. The contention between True Qi and pathogens refers to the presence of auspicious transformations (De Hua) and changing pathogenic Qi. "Interior and exterior" refer to the surface and interior. "Six Channels" refer to the Six Channels of Three Yin and Three Yang. "Five Qi" refer to the Qi of the Five Viscera. This describes how people fall ill due to sensing the Qi of overcoming and repaying. "Exclusive dominance and joint invasion" refers to years of excess or deficiency where the dominating Qi prevails exclusively, or where overcoming and repaying Qi combine. For example, in the Ji of Wei He (Deficient Wood), it is called Sheng Sheng. Its fruits are dates and plums; its grains are millet and rice; its flavors are sour and pungent; its colors are white and greenish-white; its animals are fire chickens; its musical notes are Jue and Shang. "Origin" refers to Heavenly Qi starting with Jia, and Earthly Qi starting with Zi. Zi and Jia combine to establish the Yearly Movement.)
Qi Bo bowed twice and replied: Your question is indeed brilliant! It elucidates the Great Dao. This is what Heaven values, transmitted by former masters. Although I am not wise, I have heard its purport before. (It states that the Dao is transmitted by teachers and cannot be acquired spontaneously.)
Huang Di said: I have heard that obtaining the right person but not teaching him is called losing the Dao; transmitting it to the wrong person is considered careless leakage of heavenly treasures. My virtue is meager, insufficient to receive the Supreme Dao. Yet, the common people grieve that their lives end prematurely. I hope you will preserve this for eternity and let it flow without limit. If I take charge of this matter and act according to it, how should I proceed? (Cultivating the Dao is called teaching. The *I Ching* says: "If it is not the right person, the Dao will not walk in vain." Passing on teachings to future generations to preserve descendants and the people forever and ever is the work of a Great Sage. "Matter" refers to matters of yin-yang transformation. "Rule" refers to law/method.)
Qi Bo said: Let me continue. The *Shang Jing* (Classic of Antiquity) says: One who knows the Dao understands astronomy above, geography below, and human affairs in the middle, and can endure forever. This is what is meant. (The *Shang Jing* refers to classics transmitted by ancient masters. Knowing the Dao of Heaven, Earth, and Humanity allows one to reach infinity and explore the limitless.)
Huang Di said: What does this mean? Qi Bo said: It is based on the position of Qi. Positioning in Heaven constitutes Astronomy; positioning on Earth constitutes Geography; understanding the changes in Human Qi constitutes Human Affairs. Therefore, Excess arrives before the season, and Deficiency arrives after the season. This is the pattern of governance, to which humans respond. (Qi position refers to the specific positions of the Five Movements and Six Qi, including Sovereign Heaven, Ruler Earth, governing year, and governing time. Tianwei refers to phenomena in Heaven. Diwei refers to geography responding to the Six Jie. Humans reside in the intersection of Heaven and Earth's Qi, changing with the four seasons' yin and yang; this is Human Affairs. Thus, when movement is excessive, the Qi of the four seasons arrives before the solar term; when movement is deficient, the Qi of the four seasons arrives after the solar term. This is the change of yearly movement, to which humans respond. Jin Ximing said: Cyan, Vermilion, White, Black, and Yellow are the images of Heaven; Wind, Cold, Heat, Dampness, Dryness, and Fire are the Qi of Heaven.)
Huang Di said: How does the transformation of the Five Movements manifest in excess? Qi Bo said: In a year of Wood Excess, wind Qi spreads widely, and Spleen Earth suffers evil. People suffer from sundry diarrhea (un-digested stool), reduced appetite, heavy body, vexation and depression, intestinal borborygmus, and abdominal distension. Above, it corresponds to Jupiter (Sui Xing). When Wood movement is excessive, it controls Earth Qi, so people respond with Spleen disease. Sundary diarrhea, reduced appetite, borborygmus, and abdominal fullness are all diseases of Spleen Earth. Spleen governs muscles and limbs; thus, heaviness and vexation occur because Earth injury fails to control Water, allowing Water Qi to assault the Heart. Above, it corresponds to Jupiter, whose light is doubled. Jupiter is the Wood Star. Years of Wood Excess are Ren years. Severe cases involve sudden irritability, dizziness, vertigo, and head ailments. (This describes excessive flourishing leading to self-injury. Irritability is a disorder of the Liver's emotion. Jueyin meets the Du Mai at the vertex, hence dizziness and head ailments.) Transformation Qi (Earth Qi) cannot exercise its authority; Growth Qi (Wood Qi) rules alone. Clouds and objects move; grass and trees are restless; severely, branches shake and leaves fall. Instead, there is hypochondriac pain and severe vomiting. If the Chongyang pulse vanishes, death ensues and is incurable. Above, it corresponds to Venus (Tai Bai). (Transformation Qi is Earth Qi. Excessive wind and wood prevent Transformation Qi from displaying its command. Growth Qi is Wood Qi. Wind dominance causes movement, hence clouds above fly and plants below tremble. Hypochondriac pain and severe vomiting result from extreme excess causing self-harm. Food enters the stomach, disperses essence to the Liver; if Liver Qi is deficient and rebellious, vomiting is severe. Chongyang is the Stomach pulse. Wood excess and Earth Qi extinction constitute an incurable death syndrome. Above, Venus shines brightly. Venus is the Metal Star. Generally, when yearly movement is excessive, the feared star loses color, along with its mother star. In Wood Excess, Saturn (Earth) loses color, and Mars (Fire) also dims. Mars dimming allows Venus to appear and overcome Wood. This is mutual restraint, natural logic.)
In a year of Fire Excess, blazing heat spreads, and Metal-Lung suffers evil. People suffer from malaria, shortness of breath, cough and wheezing, blood overflow (upper bleeding), bloody diarrhea (lower bleeding), dry throat, deafness, chest heat, shoulder and back heat. Above, it corresponds to Mars (Ying Huo). (Fire dominance overcomes Metal, so Metal-Lung suffers evil. Malaria is a summer-heat disease. Vigorous fire consumes Qi, hence shortness of breath. Lung suffering fire/heat causes cough/wheeze. Lung commands all vessels; Yang vessel injury causes upper bleeding; Yin vessel injury causes lower bleeding. Lung is the source of Water; dry throat indicates fire scorching Metal. Kidney opens into the ears; water source exhausted leads to Kidney deficiency and deafness. Chest heat indicates heat rampant inside. Shoulder/back are Shu points of the Lung. Ying Huo is Mars. Fire dominance corresponds to Ying Huo, with doubled brightness. Years of Fire Excess are Wu years.) Severe cases involve chest pain, hypochondriac fullness/pain, pain between the sternum, back, and scapula, pain in the inner arms, fever, bone pain, and spreading sores (Jin Yin Chuang). (This is extreme亢 leading to self-injury of Heart Fire. The sternum/chest is the palace city of the Heart Master. Back is Yang; Heart is Taiyang among Yang organs, hence pain in chest/sternum/back/scapula. Hand Shaoyin Heart Meridian emerges from under the axilla, runs down the arm, hence hypochondriac fullness/pain and inner arm pain. Fever and bone pain indicate Fire亢 injuring Water. Jin Yin Chuang is a hot-heat sore. *Zang Qi Fa Shi Lun* states: Heart pain involves chest pain, hypochondriac fullness/pain, sternum/back/scapula pain, and inner arm pain. *Jin Gui Yao Lue* states: Spreading sores flowing from mouth to limbs are treatable; those flowing from limbs to mouth are incurable.) Receiving Qi (Metal Qi) fails to function; Growing Qi (Fire Qi) dominates alone. Rain and frost/cold appear. Above, it corresponds to Mercury (Chen Xing). (This is Metal Qi stagnation and Water Qi repayment. Receiving Qi is Metal Qi. Growing Qi is Fire Qi. Rain/frost/cold is the repayment of Cold-Water Qi. Above, Chen Xing should shine. Chen Xing is Mercury.) If Sovereign Heaven is Shaoyin or Shaoyang, fire blazes, ice springs dry up, and things become scorched. (Shang Lin refers to Sovereign Heaven Qi adding onto the Yearly Movement, known as Tian Fu years. Wu Zi/Wu Wu years correspond to Shaoyin above; Wu Yin/Wu Shen years correspond to Shaoyang below. Sovereign Heaven and Yearly Movement combine, intensifying Fire, drying springs and scorching objects. All Yang years denote excess, so only Wu Zi/Wu Wu/Wu Yin/Wu Shen and Bing Chen/Bing Xu have Sovereign Heaven addition combining with Yearly Movement. Other Wood/Metal/Earth years lack Shang Lin.) Illness manifests as delirium, mania, wild behavior, asthma, cough, noisy breathing, severe lower symptoms with continuous bleeding/diarrhea. If the Taiyuan pulse vanishes, death ensues and is incurable. Above, it corresponds to Mars. (Illness reversal indicates extreme Fire亢 self-injury. Delirium/mania are changes of extreme heat. Asthma/cough/noisy breathing indicate Fire flaming up scorching Metal. Heart governs blood vessels; severe lower symptoms force blood downward continuously. Taiyuan is the Shu point of Lung Metal. Extreme Fire亢 and Lung Qi extinction constitute an incurable death syndrome. Above, Mars shines brightly. Ying Huo is Mars.)
In a year of Earth Excess, rain and dampness spread, and Kidney Water suffers evil. People suffer from abdominal pain, cold reversal (Qing Jue), unwillingness of mind, heavy body, and vexation. Above, it corresponds to Saturn (Zhen Xing). (On Earth it is Earth; in Heaven it is Dampness. Hence, Earth Excess brings rain/dampness. *Liu Yuan Zheng Ji Da Lun* states: Tairn brings clouds/rain. Damp-Earth Qi rises to form clouds/rain. Abdominal pain refers to great/lower abdomen pain, a Kidney disease. Earth dominance injures Water. *Zang Qi Fa Shi Lun* states: Kidney disease causes heavy body; Kidney deficiency causes great/lower abdomen pain. Qing Jue Yi Bu Le: Qing is cold reversal. Kidney is the source of generating Qi; Kidney Qi evil causes cold extremities. Intent stored is Zhi; Kidney stores Zhi; Zhi unsmooth leads to unwilling mind. Human movement relies on Qi circulation and Blood nourishment. Kidney is the source of Qi/Blood, hence heavy body. Vexation occurs because Water cannot assist Fire. Earth Excess corresponds to Saturn brightening. Zhen Xing is Saturn. Years of Earth Excess are Jia years.) Severe cases involve muscle atrophy, foot flaccidity/unresponsiveness, trembling while walking, sole pain, fluid retention (Yin Fa), epigastric fullness, reduced appetite, and inability to lift limbs. Changes arise when the position is attained. (Muscles/limbs are governed by Spleen Earth. Yin refers to phlegm/fluid retention due to Spleen failure to transport. Epigastric fullness/reduced appetite indicates Earth deficiency failing to transform. This is excessive flourishing reversing to empty the original position and self-injure. Thus, on the 18th day of the four-season months, when Earth Qi attains its position, these diseases arise. Master Zhang Yu states: Middle Earth can be analogized to other viscera; Metal disease in Autumn, Water disease in Winter, reverse disease occurs at its own position.) Visceral Qi (Water Qi) lies dormant; Transformation Qi (Earth Qi) rules alone. Springs surge, rivers expand, dried marshes breed fish, great winds and rains arrive, Earth collapses, scales appear on land. Illness involves abdominal fullness, loose stools, borborygmus. If lower symptoms are severe and Taixi pulse vanishes, death ensues and is incurable. Above, it corresponds to Jupiter. (Visceral Qi is Water Qi; Transformation Qi is Earth Qi. Earth dominance controls Water, so Visceral Qi lies dormant. Surging springs/expanding rivers/breeding fish indicate excessive dampness. Great winds/rains indicate Wood Qi repayment. Earth collapse/scales on land indicate Earth defeat and Water flooding. Abdominal fullness/loose stools/borborygmus are Spleen Earth deficiency syndromes. Taixi is the Kidney pulse. Severe lower symptoms and Taixi extinction indicate Earth defeat and excessive Water descending. Flooding exhausts Kidney Qi. Above, Jupiter shines brightly, Wood overcomes.)
In a year of Metal Excess, dryness spreads, and Liver Wood suffers evil. People suffer from hypochondriac/lower abdominal pain, red painful eyes, ulcers, and hearing loss. Severe肃杀 (severe killing/drying) causes heavy body and vexation, chest pain radiating to back, hypochondriac fullness/pain radiating to lower abdomen. Above, it corresponds to Venus. (Metal Excess brings dryness, harming Liver Wood. Hypochondriac/lower abdominal pain is Liver disease. Liver opens into eyes, hence red/painful eyes/ulcers. Liver deficiency causes hearing loss. *Zang Qi Fa Shi Lun* states: Liver disease involves hypochondriac pain radiating to lower abdomen; deficiency causes blurred vision and hearing loss. Heavy body results from severe肃杀 lacking vibrant Qi. Vexation indicates rebellious Liver Qi. Classic states: Kidney/Spleen/Liver deficiency cause heavy body/vexation. *Yu Ji Zhen Zang Lun* states: Insufficient Liver pulse causes chest pain radiating to back and hypochondriac fullness. Tai Bai is Venus. Metal dominance corresponds to brightening Venus. Years of Metal Excess are Geng years. Master Zhang Yu states: Upper section's hypochondriac/lower abdominal pain is Liver Qi disease. Lower section's hypochondriac fullness/pain radiating to lower abdomen is Liver Meridian disease. Movement and Visceral Qi combine; excess/deficiency first harms Visceral Qi, then Meridians. This differs from seasonal pathogens entering skin/meridians first, then viscera.) Severe cases involve asthma, cough, rebellious Qi, shoulder/back pain, and pathology of the buttocks, perineum, thighs, knees, thighs, calves, and feet. Above, it corresponds to Mars. (Severe肃杀 makes Metal Qi deficient, inviting Fire repayment. Asthma/cough/rebellious Qi is Lung disease. Lung Shu is on shoulder/back, hence pain. Pathology of buttocks/perineum/thighs/knees/calves indicates Metal deficiency affecting generated Water organ. Excessive Metal empties its position; Metal deficiency fails to generate Water, leaving Fire unrestrained to repay. Above, Mars shines brightly.) Receiving Qi is sharp; Growth Qi is suppressed. Grass/trees gather, turn pale/dry, and wither. Illness involves sudden hypochondriac pain, inability to turn side-to-side, severe cough/rebellious Qi, and blood overflow. Taichong pulse vanishes, death ensues and is incurable. Above, it corresponds to Venus. (Receiving Qi is Metal; Growth Qi is Wood. Sharp Receiving Qi suppresses Growth Qi, causing grass/trees to wither. Sudden hypochondriac pain/inability to turn indicates Liver/Gallbladder disease. Liver meridian penetrates Lung, hence severe cough. Liver stores Blood, hence overflow. Taichong is Liver Shu pulse. Strong Metal corresponds to brightening Venus. Note: Upper section's dryness/hypochondriac pain refers to excess in the first half of the year, allowing Fire repayment in Summer. Lower section's sharp Receiving Qi/hypochondriac pain refers to repayment excess in the second half of the year. Autumn/Winter are Metal/Water commanding times, hence Taichong extinction. Five Movements share similar meaning. Master Zhang Yu states: Wood Excess has no Metal repayment, called "Growth Qi rules alone" (governing one year). Metal Excess has Autumn repayment, called "Receiving Qi sharp." In Autumn/Winter, Spring Yang Growth Qi is suppressed, called "Growth Qi down." Syntax varies, requiring attention.)
In a year of Water Excess, cold spreads, and pathogenic harm affects Heart Fire. People suffer from fever, vexation, restlessness/palpitations, Yin reversal, cold in upper/lower/middle, delirium, and heart pain. Cold arrives early. Above, it corresponds to Mercury. (Water Excess spreads cold, harming Heart Fire. Cold surges upward, forcing Fire outward, causing fever/vexation/palpitations due to Water assaulting Heart. Restlessness indicates Fire not interacting with Yin. Severe Yin cold causes reversal upward. Cold in upper/lower/middle indicates decline of Sanjiao Fire. Heart Spirit unsettled causes delirium. Cold governs Winter; this yearly Qi spreads, so cold arrives early. Chen Xing is Mercury. Excessive Water corresponds to brightening Mercury. Years of Water Excess are Bing years.) Severe cases involve abdominal distension, leg swelling, asthma/cough, night sweats, and aversion to wind. Heavy rain arrives, dust/fog obscures. Above, it corresponds to Saturn. (This is Water excess self-injury, "fullness invites loss." *Zang Qi Fa Shi Lun* states: Kidney disease involves abdominal distension/leg swelling, asthma/cough, night sweats, aversion to wind. Water flooding unchecked by Earth causes distension/swelling. Water Qi rebellion causes asthma/cough. Taiyang Qi is born in Water and governs skin/surface. Flooding exhausts source; Taiyang Qi lacks nourishment; exterior Yang deficiency causes sweating/aversion to wind. Heavy rain/dust/fog indicates Water excess and Earth repayment. *Liu Yuan Zheng Ji Da Lun* states: Tairn brings wetness generation, ending in pouring rain. Dust/fog indicates Earth moisture steaming upward. Earth repayment corresponds to brightening Saturn.) If Sovereign Heaven is Taiyang, rain/ice/snow/frost fall irregularly, dampness alters things. Illness involves abdominal fullness, borborygmus, loose stools, undigested food, thirst, and confusion. Shenmen pulse vanishes, death ensues and is incurable. Above, Mars dims, Mercury brightens. (Shang Lin Taiyang is Cold-Water Sovereign Heaven Qi adding above, Bing Chen/Bing Xu years, Tian Fu years. Cold-Water combines, causing irregular rain/ice/snow/frost. Ice/snow are Cold-Water changes. Rainfall moistens Earth, altering objects. Abdominal fullness/borborygmus/loose stools/undigested food are signs of Water flooding/Earth defeat. Spleen Earth fails to transport fluids, causing thirst. Dampness obscures clarity, causing confusion. Shenmen is Heart pulse. Strong Water causes Mars to dim and Mercury to brighten.)
Huang Di said: Good. What about deficiency? Qi Bo said: Your question is thorough! In a year of Wood Deficiency, Dryness acts largely. Growth Qi fails to respond; grass/trees bloom late. Severe肃杀 causes rigid wood to be punished (Pi Zhuo), soft ones to wither and dry. Above, it corresponds to Venus. (Yearly Qi deficiency allows the unconquered to insult and attack. Thus, Wood Deficiency allows Metal Dryness to spread. Wood Growth Qi misses its time, causing late blooming. Pi is punishment; Zhuo is striking. Severe肃杀 punishes even rigid wood, causing soft ones to wither. Metal Qi counter-vanquishes, corresponding to brightening Venus. Wood Deficiency years are Ding years.) People suffer from central coolness (Zhong Qing), hypochondriac pain, lower abdominal pain, borborygmus, and loose stools. Cool rain arrives. Above, it corresponds to Venus. Their grains are cyan. (Central coolness indicates cool Qi invading center, chilling middle Qi. Hypochondriac/lower abdominal pain is Liver disease. Food essence disperses to Liver, moves Qi in sinews. Liver Qi deficiency/rebellion combined with central coolness causes borborygmus/loose stools. Metal Qi is cool, hence cool rain. Metal generates Water. Metal dominance brightens Venus. Grains receive Earth's Five Elements Qi for growth/storage. Wood controlled by Metal yields cyan grains.) If Shang Lin is Yangming, Growth Qi loses authority; grass/trees bloom again. Transformation Qi becomes urgent. Above, it corresponds to Venus and Saturn. It governs cyan and early ripening. (Yangming Dry-Metal adds to Sovereign Heaven, Ding Mao/Ding You years, Tian Xing years. Wood Deficiency plus Metal Shang Lin causes Growth Qi loss. Grass/trees punished by Metal bloom again. Wood deficiency fails to control Earth, making Transformation Qi urgent. Metal/Earth dominance brightens Venus/Saturn. Wood controlled by Metal yields cyan/early ripening, meaning "control generates transformation." Note: Yin years denote deficiency, so only Ding Mao/Ding You, Ji Si/Ji Hai, Xin Chou/Xin Wei have this. Gui/Yi years lack Heaven combination. Master Zhang Yu states: Urgent Transformation Qi allows double blooming.) Repayment involves blazing heat/fire, dampness becoming dry, fragility, scorched grass/trees. Lower body regenerates; flowers and fruits mature together. Illness involves cold/heat, sores, rashes, carbuncles, acne. Above, it corresponds to Mars and Venus. Their grains are white and firm. (Fragile sounds like Cui; Fei sounds like Fei; Zhen same as Zhen; Cuo sounds like He. Repayment is mother depressed, son repays. Fire is Great Fire; Liu is downward. Mid-Summer/Autumn, Great Fire flows west, summer heat scours Metal. Late Summer Wet-Earth governs qi; due to heat, dampness becomes dry, causing fragility/scorching. Fire governs long growth, so lower body regenerates. Summer governs flowers, Autumn governs fruit; Fire controls Metal, so flowers/fruits mature together. Cold/heat/sores/rashes/carbuncles are summer-heat diseases. Mars brightens, Venus dims. Grains are white/firm. Firm means solid. Autumn governs harvest; controlled by Fire, so early...)