黄帝问曰。风之伤人也。或为寒热。或为热中。或为寒中。或为疠风。或为偏枯。或为风也。其病各异。其名不同。
或内至五脏六腑。不知其解。愿闻其说。（风乃阳动之邪。而人之表里阴阳。血气脏腑。又有虚有实。故其为气也。善行
而数变。因其善行数变。是以或为寒热。或为偏枯。或外在于形身。或内至于脏腑。其病各异。其名不同。）岐伯对曰。
风气藏于皮肤之间。内不得通。外不得泄。风者善行而数变。腠理开则洒然寒。闭则热而闷。其寒也。则衰食饮。其热
也。则消肌肉。故使人 栗而不能食。名曰寒热。（此论风邪客于肤腠而为寒热也。皮肤肌腠之间。乃三焦通会元真之处。
风邪客之。则气不内通。邪不外泄。风动之邪。善行而数变。动而腠理开。则元气弛而洒然寒。变而腠理闭。则邪热留
而胸膈闷。其为寒也。则三焦虚而食饮衰。其为热也。则邪热盛而肌肉铄。 栗、振寒貌。盖言邪之所腠。其正必虚。
正气为邪所伤。故使人 栗而不能食也。名曰寒热。 音秩）风气与阳明入胃。循脉而上。至目内 。其人肥则风气
不得外泄。则为热中而目黄。人瘦则外泄而寒。则为寒中而泣出。（此论风邪客于脉中而为寒热也。夫血脉生于阳明胃腑。
如风伤阳明。邪正之气。并入于胃。则循脉而上至于目。盖诸脉皆系于目也。其人肥浓。则热留于脉中而目黄。其人瘦
薄。则血脉之神气外泄而为寒。脉中寒则精神去而涕泣出。）风气与太阳俱入。行诸脉俞。散于分肉之间。与卫气相干。
其道不利。故使肌肉愤 而有疡。卫气有所凝而不行。故其肉有不仁也。（此论风邪伤卫而为肿疡不仁也。足太阳之脉。
从巅入络脑。还出别下项。循背膂而络脏腑之脉俞。卫气一日一夜。大会于项之风府。亦循背膂而日下一节。是以风客
太阳。与太阳之气俱入于项背之间。行诸脉俞。散于分肉。转干卫气。以致卫气所行之道不利。故使肌肉愤然高起。而
有痈疡。卫气凝滞于项背之间。不能循行于周身之肤腠。故其肌肉麻痹而不知痛痒也。兆璜曰。风伤阳明之气。入胃
而循于脉中。风行太阳之脉俞。复散于肌肉而转干卫气。是太阳之气主表。阳明主肌而主脉也。 音 。起也。引起也。
邪气胀肉曰 。太玄经股脚 如维身之疾。注、 大也。枝大于干为疾也。）疠者。有荣气热 。其气不清。故使其鼻柱
坏而色败。皮肤疡溃。（此论风伤荣气而为疠疡也。 、肉也。夫营卫皆精阳之气。浮气之不循于经者为卫。精气之营于
经者为营。有营气热 者。言有因风伤营气。据而为热。热出于 肉之间。则肌脉外内之气不清矣。鼻者肺之窍。脏真
高于肺。主行荣卫阴阳。风邪与荣热搏于皮肤之外。则荣卫之气不清。故使其鼻柱陷坏而色败恶。而皮肤溃癞也。）风寒
客于脉而不去。名曰疠风。或名曰寒热。（此承上文而言。如风寒之邪。客于脉中而不去者。亦名曰疠也。风寒、寒风也。
风寒之邪。客于脉中而不去。则营气受伤。亦名曰疠风。夫营之生病也。寒热少气。故或名曰寒热。盖亦或为寒中热中
之病。以上二节。论风伤营风。皆名曰疠。如营热搏于脉外者。为败坏之疠疡。风寒留于脉中者。为寒热之疠风。故曰
疠者。有营气热 。言有一种疠者。因营气之热。外出于 肉之间。荣卫邪正之气相搏。阴阳清浊之气不清。以致鼻柱
败坏。皮肤癞疡。此毒疠之甚者也。有因风寒客于脉中。久而不去。或为紫云白癜之疠风。故为寒中热中之营病。此为
疠之轻者也。兆璜曰。寒伤营。故风寒客于脉中而不去。风乃阳热鼓动之邪。故与营气为热。而复出于 肉之外。应略
曰。前二节论风伤气血。后二节论风伤营卫。营与血。气与卫。各有分别。故为病不同。）以春甲乙伤于风者为肝风。
以夏丙丁伤于风者为心风。以季夏戊己伤于邪者为脾风。以秋庚辛中于邪者为肺风。以冬壬癸中于邪者为肾风。（此论风
伤五脏之气。而为五脏之风也。夫天之十干。化生地之五行。地之五行。以生人之五脏。是以人之脏气。合天地四时。
五行十干之气化。而各以时受病也。风者。虚乡不正之邪风。故曰风。曰邪。曰伤。曰中。盖言不正之风。或伤之轻。
或中之重也。）风中五脏六腑之俞。亦为脏腑之风。（此论风中五脏六腑之俞。而亦为脏腑之风也。夫五脏之气。外合于
四时。故各以时受病者。病五脏之气也。如风中于经俞。则内连脏腑。故亦为脏腑之风。病五脏之经也。以上答帝问脏
腑之风。有二因也。愚按此二因。与金匮之所谓邪入于腑。即不识人。邪入于脏。舌即难言。口吐涎之因证不同。金匮
之所谓中脏中腑者。邪直中于脏腑。而伤脏腑之元神。本篇之论。一因随时而伤脏气。一因经络受邪而内连于脏腑。是
以五脏之风状。只见色证。而不致如伤脏神之危险者也。）各入其门户所中。则为偏风。（此论风邪偏客于形身而为偏
风也。门户者。血气之门户也。夫上节之所谓风伤血气者。乃通体之皮肤脉络也。如各入其门户而中其血气者则为偏枯。
谓偏入于形身之半也。）风气循风府而上。则为脑风。（此论风气循风府而上为脑风也。风府穴名。在项后中行。乃督脉
阳维之会。上循于脑户。故风气客于风府。循脉而上。则为脑风。）风入系头。则为目风眼寒。（此论风客于头。而为目
风也。 系同。足太阳有通项入于脑者。正属目本。名曰眼系。风入于头。干太阳之目系。则为目风。足太阳寒水主气。
故为眼寒也。）饮酒中风。则为漏风。（此论饮酒中风而为漏风也。酒者熟谷之液。其性栗悍。其气先行于皮肤。故饮酒
中风。则腠理开而为汗泄之漏风也。）入房汗出中风。则为内风。（此论入房中风。而为内风也。夫内为阴。外为阳。精
为阴。气为阳。阳为阴之卫。阴为阳之守。入房则阴精内竭。汗出则阳气外弛。是以中风。则风气直入于内而为内风矣。）
新沐中风。则为首风。（此论新沐中风而为首风也。以水灌首曰沐。新沐则首之毛腠开。中风则风入于首之皮肤。而为首
风矣。）久风入中。则为肠风飧泄。外在腠理。则为泄风。（此论久在肌腠之风。入中则为肠风飧泄。在外则为泄风。盖
脾胃之气。外主肌腠。内主腹中。风邪久在肌腠而入于中。则脾胃之气受伤。而为肠风飧泄。盖大肠小肠。皆属于胃也。
若久在外之腠理。则阳气外弛而为泄风。泄风者。腠理开而汗外泄也。以上论风气之善行数变。所中不一其处。而见证
各有不同。）故风者。百病之长也。至其变化。乃为他病也。无常方然。致有风气也。（长上声。风乃东方之生气。为四
时之首。能生长万物。亦能害万物。如水能浮舟。亦能覆舟。故为百病之长。至其变化无常。故为病不一。如春时之非
东风。夏时之非南风。或从虚乡来之刚风谋风之类。皆其变化而为他病也。方、处也。言风邪之客于人。无有常处。如
风气客于皮肤之间。则为寒热。客于脉中。则为寒中热中。客于脏腑。则为脏腑之风。循于风府。则为脑风。风入系头。
则为目风。无有常处。而致有风气也。上三句言风气之变化。下二句论风客于人。而无有常方。王子方问曰。按此篇
岐伯所答。详于帝问。后人乃疑之。或言帝有所缺问者。或有增补其问者。果属缺文与。曰。圣经安可改也。夫帝曰或
为风也。其病各异。其名不同。则百般风证。尽括三句之中。故复曰。风者。百病之长也。盖言风之变化无常。即此论
中不能尽其变证。岂可以胶执之识见。而增改圣经乎。）帝曰。五脏风之形状不同者何。愿闻其诊。及其病能。（诊、
视也。验也。帝问五脏之风证。见于形身之外。其状不同者。所在何处。愿闻其诊验之法。病能者。谓脏气受邪。能为
形身作病也。）岐伯曰。肺风之状。多汗恶风。色 然白。时咳短气。昼日则差。暮则甚。诊在眉上。其色白。（ 普
梗切差瘥同。风为阳邪。开发腠理。故多汗。风气伤阳。邪正不合。故恶风也。 然、浅白貌。肺属金。其色白。肺主
气。在变动为咳。风邪迫之。故时咳短气也。昼则阳气盛而能胜邪。故瘥。暮则气衰。故病甚也。眉上乃阙庭之间。肺
之候也。张兆璜问曰。五脏之色。如肺始言 然白。而复曰诊在眉上。其色白。有似乎重见矣。曰。所谓 然白者。谓
肺气受风而脏气之见于色也。所谓诊在眉上。其色白者。谓五脏之病色见于面也。灵枢五色篇曰。五色各有脏部。有外
部。有内部也。色从外部走内部者。其病从外走内。其色从内走外部者。其病从内走外。病生于内者。先治其阴。后治
其阳。反者益甚。其病生于阳者。先治其外。后治其内。反者益甚。故先言五色。而复言五色之见于面部者。谓病之从
内而外也。圣人设教浑然。后虽不言治。而治法已在其中矣。）心风之状。多汗恶风。焦绝。善怒吓。赤色。病甚则言不
可快。诊在口。其色赤。（心为火脏。风淫则火盛。故唇舌焦而津液绝也。风化木。木火交炽。故善为怒吓。心主舌。病
甚则舌本强而言不可快。心和则舌能知五味。故诊验在口。口者。兼唇舌而言也。）肝风之状。多汗恶风。善悲。色微苍。
嗌干。善怒。时憎女子。诊在目下。其色青。（肝开窍于目而主泣。故善悲。本经曰。心悲名曰志悲。志与心精。共腠于
目。是以俱悲。故泣出也。盖言悲而后泣出也。微苍、淡青色也。足厥阴之脉。循喉咙之后。上入颃颡。风木合邪。则
火热盛而嗌干。肝气病。故善怒也。怒胜思。故时憎女子。目者肝之官也。故诊在目下。）脾风之状。多汗恶风。身体怠
惰。四肢不欲动。色薄微黄。不嗜食。诊在鼻上。其色黄。（脾主肌肉四肢。身体怠惰。四肢不欲动。脾气病也。足太阴
之脉。属脾络胃。上膈挟咽。连舌本。经络篇云。是主脾所生病者。食不下。土位中央。故所诊在鼻。兆璜曰。五脏
四时之风。始于脏气。而后病于形身。自内而外也。夫邪干脏则死。此病在脏气。而不伤于脏真也。如风中五脏六腑之
俞。乃经络受邪。亦内干脏腑。然身之中于风也。不必动脏。故邪入于阴经。则溜于腑。是以后只言胃风者。乃经络之
邪。总归于胃。阳明为万物之所归也。）肾风之状。多汗恶风。面 然浮肿。脊痛不能正立。其色 。隐曲不利。诊在
肌上。其色黑。（ 音芒 音台。风邪干肾。则水气上升。故面 然浮肿。风行则水涣也。肾主骨。故脊痛不能正立。 、
烟煤。黑色也。肾主藏精。少阴与阳明会于宗筋。风伤肾气。故隐曲不利。水气上升。故黑在肌上。水乘土也。应略曰。
诊在眉间目上者。肺肝之本部也。心诊在口。脾诊在鼻者。母病而传见于子位也。肾病而见肌色黑者。乘其所不胜也。
是以本篇五脏之诊。与灵枢经之五阅五色篇之法。少有不同。盖言五脏之色。有见于面邪之本位。而又有乘传之变者也。）
胃风之状。颈多汗。恶风。食饮不下。膈塞不通。腹善满。失衣则 胀。食寒则泄。诊形瘦而腹大。（颈有风池风府。乃
经脉之要会。故颈多汗。胃腑受邪。故饮食不下。膈塞不通。腹善满也。胃气不足。则身以前皆寒。腹胀满。是以形寒
则胀。饮冷则泄者。胃气虚伤也。胃者肉其应。腹者胃之郛。故主形瘦而腹大。）首风之状。头面多汗。恶风。当先
风一日则病甚。头痛不可以出内。至其风日。则病少愈。（头乃诸阳之会。因沐中风。则头首之皮腠疏而阳气弛。故多汗
恶风也。风者天之阳气。人之阳气。以应天之风气。诸阳之气。上出于头。故先一日则病甚。头痛不可以出户内。盖风
将发而气先病也。至其风发之日。气随风散。故其病少愈。张兆璜曰。风将发而所舍之风亦发。故先一日病甚。人气之
通于天也。）漏风之状。或多汗。常不可单衣。食则汗出。甚则身汗。喘息恶风。衣常濡。口干善渴。不能劳事。（饮酒
者。胃气先行皮肤。先充络脉。或因胃气热而腠理疏。或络脉满而阴液泄。故常多汗也。酒性悍热。与风气相搏。故虽
单衣而亦不可以常服。酒入于胃。热聚于脾。脾胃内热。故食则汗出。甚则上搏于肺。而身汗喘息恶风。身常湿也。津
液内竭。故口干善渴。阳气外张。故不能烦劳于事。）泄风之状。多汗。汗出泄衣上。口中干。上渍其风。不能劳事。身
体尽痛则寒。帝曰。善。（泄风之病。风久在腠理而伤气。故多汗。汗泄衣上。渐渍渗泄。玄府不闭也。津液外泄。故口
中干燥。上渍其风者。谓身半以上。风湿相搏。则阳气受伤。故不能烦劳其事。若妄作劳。则身体尽痛而发寒矣。按偏
风而下。只论首风漏风泄风之状。盖此三者。皆在皮肤气分。风气相搏。而善行数变。故曰肺风之状。肾风之状。首风
之状。言风气变动之病状也。如入于经脉。在偏风则为半身不遂。循经入脑则为脑风。循系入头则为目风眼寒。不复再
有变证。故不复论也。）
The Yellow Emperor asked, "When wind pathogen invades the human body, it may manifest as cold-heat syndrome (Han Re), heat-in-the-middle syndrome (Re Zhong), cold-in-the-middle syndrome (Han Zhong), leprosy (Li Feng), or hemiplegia (Pian Ku). The diseases vary, and their names differ. Some penetrate internally to the five zang and six fu organs. I do not understand the explanation; I wish to hear your theory." (Wind is a pathogenic factor of yang movement. The exterior and interior, yin and yang, blood and qi, and zang-fu organs of humans have both deficiency and excess. Therefore, its nature is agile in movement and prone to frequent changes. Due to these characteristics, it may cause cold-heat, hemiplegia, remain external on the body surface, or enter internally into the zang-fu organs. Thus, the diseases are different, and the names vary.)
Qibo replied, "Wind qi lodges between the skin and muscles. It cannot communicate internally nor be excreted externally. Wind is agile in movement and prone to frequent changes. When the couli (pores) open, one feels chilly and cold; when they close, one experiences fever and chest oppression. In the cold manifestation, food and drink intake decrease; in the heat manifestation, muscles waste away. Consequently, the person shivers and cannot eat. This is named Cold-Heat Syndrome. (This section discusses wind pathogen lodging in the skin and couli causing cold-heat. The area between skin and muscles is where the San Jiao communicates with primordial true qi. When wind pathogen lodges here, qi fails to circulate internally, and pathogens fail to excrete externally. As an active pathogen, wind causes the couli to open, leading to relaxation of primordial qi and a chilly sensation; it causes the couli to close, leading to retention of pathogenic heat and chest diaphragm oppression. The cold aspect stems from San Jiao deficiency reducing digestion; the heat aspect stems from excessive pathogenic heat consuming muscle tissue. 'Li' refers to the appearance of shaking chills. Essentially, where pathogens invade, righteous qi must be deficient. Righteous qi injured by pathogens causes shivering and loss of appetite. Named Cold-Heat. 'Li' is pronounced 'zhi'.)
Wind qi enters the stomach along with the Yangming channel, travels upward along the vessels, and reaches the inner canthus of the eye. If the person is obese, wind qi cannot be excreted externally, resulting in Heat-in-the-Middle syndrome with yellowing of the eyes. If the person is thin, wind qi is excreted externally accompanied by cold, resulting in Cold-in-the-Middle syndrome with tearing. (This section discusses wind pathogen lodging in the vessels causing cold-heat. Blood vessels originate from the Yangming Stomach Fu. If wind injures Yangming, both pathogenic and righteous qi merge into the stomach, traveling up the vessels to the eyes, as all vessels connect to the eyes. In obese individuals, heat remains in the vessels causing jaundice; in thin individuals, the spirit qi of the vessels leaks out causing cold. Cold in the vessels leads to departure of spirit essence, resulting in nasal discharge and tears.)
Wind qi enters together with the Taiyang channel, travels through the acupoints of various vessels, and scatters between the muscle intervals, interfering with Wei Qi (Defensive Qi). Because the pathway becomes obstructed, the muscles become swollen and high, leading to sores. Wei Qi stagnates and fails to circulate, causing numbness and insensitivity in those muscles. (This section discusses wind pathogen injuring Wei Qi causing swelling, ulcers, and numbness. The Foot-Taiyang Bladder channel enters the brain from the vertex, emerges at the nape, runs down along the back spine, and connects to the acupoints of the zang-fu organs. Wei Qi gathers at the Fengfu point at the nape once a day and night, descending one segment daily along the back. Thus, wind lodging in Taiyang enters the neck and back with Taiyang qi, travels through vessel acupoints, scatters in muscle intervals, and interferes with Wei Qi, obstructing its flow. This causes muscles to swell and form abscesses. Stagnation of Wei Qi in the neck and back prevents circulation to the body's skin and couli, causing muscle paralysis and loss of pain/temperature sensation. Zhaohuang stated: Wind injures Yangming qi, entering the stomach and traveling in vessels; wind moves through Taiyang acupoints, scatters in muscles, and interferes with Wei Qi. This shows Taiyang governs the exterior, while Yangming governs muscles and vessels. 'Fen' indicates rising or swelling. Pathogenic qi causing muscle swelling is called 'fen'.)
In Leprosy (Li Feng), Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) has internal heat and turbidity, failing to clear. This causes the nasal bridge to collapse and complexion to deteriorate, with skin ulcers and eruptions. (This section discusses wind pathogen injuring Ying Qi causing leprous ulcers. Ying and Wei are both refined yang qi. Floating qi not following vessels is Wei; refined qi nourishing vessels is Ying. 'Ying Qi heat' means wind injures Ying Qi, causing郁结 (stagnation) and heat. Heat emerging between muscles makes the qi inside and outside the muscle vessels turbid. The nose is the orifice of the Lung. The True Qi of the Zang organs is highest in the Lung, governing the circulation of Ying, Wei, Yin, and Yang. Wind pathogen and Ying heat struggle outside the skin, making Ying and Wei turbid. This causes nasal collapse, poor complexion, and skin ulcers/leprosy.)
If Cold-Wind pathogen lodges in the vessels and does not depart, it is named Leprosy (Li Feng) or sometimes Cold-Heat. (This continues the previous discussion. If Cold-Wind lodges in vessels and persists, it is also named Li. 'Cold-Wind' refers to cold wind. Persistent Cold-Wind in vessels injures Ying Qi, hence named Li Feng. Ying Qi disease presents with cold-heat and shortness of breath, hence sometimes named Cold-Heat. These likely belong to Cold-in-the-Middle or Heat-in-the-Middle patterns. The above two sections discuss wind injuring Ying Qi, all named Li. If Ying heat struggles outside vessels, it causes destructive leprous ulcers; if Cold-Wind stays in vessels, it causes cold-heat Li Feng. Thus, 'Li involves Ying Qi heat' refers to a type of Li where Ying heat emerges between muscles, struggling with Ying/Wei righteous/pathogenic qi, confusing Yin/Yang and clear/turbid qi, leading to nasal collapse and skin ulcers—this is severe toxic Li. Another type involves Cold-Wind lodging in vessels for a long time, causing purple patches or white vitiligo-like Li Feng, belonging to mild Li involving Cold/Heat in Ying disease. Zhaohuang said: Cold injures Ying, so Cold-Wind lodges in vessels. Wind is a yang-heat stirring pathogen, creating heat with Ying Qi, emerging outside muscles. Ying Lue said: The first two sections discuss wind injuring Blood and Qi; the next two discuss wind injuring Ying and Wei. Ying differs from Blood; Wei differs from Qi, hence different diseases.)
Wind injury occurring on Jia/Yi days in Spring affects the Liver, named Liver Wind. Wind injury on Bing/Ding days in Summer affects the Heart, named Heart Wind. Wind injury on Wu/Ji days in Late Summer affects the Spleen, named Spleen Wind. Wind injury on Geng/Xin days in Autumn affects the Lung, named Lung Wind. Wind injury on Ren/Gui days in Winter affects the Kidney, named Kidney Wind. (This section discusses wind injuring the qi of the five zang organs, forming Five Zang Winds. The ten Heavenly Stems transform into the Five Phases of Earth; the Five Phases of Earth generate the Five Zang organs of Humans. Thus, human organ qi harmonizes with Heaven-Earth seasons, Five Phases, and Ten Stems, getting sick according to the season. Wind is evil wind from empty directions, hence called Wind, Evil, Injury, or Strike, indicating varying degrees of severity from improper winds.)
If wind strikes the acupoints of the five zang and six fu organs, it also forms Zang-Fu Wind. (This section discusses wind striking zang-fu acupoints, forming Zang-Fu Wind. Zang qi harmonizes externally with four seasons, getting sick by season, affecting Zang qi. If wind strikes meridians/acupoints, it connects internally to zang-fu, hence Zang-Fu Wind, affecting Zang meridians. There are two causes for Zang-Fu Wind answered above. Note: These differ from *Jin Gui Yao Lue*'s "Evil entering Fu organs causes unconsciousness; evil entering Zang organs causes speech difficulty and drooling." *Jin Gui* describes direct invasion damaging Yuan Shen; this text describes seasonal Zang qi injury and meridian-to-zang transmission. Thus, Five Zang Wind shows color signs without the danger of damaging Zang Shen.)
If wind enters each portal and strikes there, it forms Biased Wind (Pian Feng/Hemiplegia). (This section discusses wind lodging asymmetrically on the body forming Biased Wind. Portals refer to blood/qi portals. The previous section on wind injuring blood/qi referred to whole-body skin/vessels. If wind enters specific portals and strikes blood/qi, it causes Pian Ku, meaning striking half the body.)
Wind qi ascending via the Fengfu point forms Brain Wind. (This section discusses wind ascending via Fengfu forming Brain Wind. Fengfu is a point name, located on the midline of the posterior neck, intersection of Du Mai and Yang Wei Mai, ascending to Naohu. Wind lodging at Fengfu ascends via vessels, forming Brain Wind.)
Wind entering the head connections forms Eye Wind and Eye Cold. (This section discusses wind lodging in the head forming Eye Wind. 'Xi' is same as 'jing'. Foot-Taiyang has a branch entering the brain from the nape, connecting to the root of the eye, named Eye Connection. Wind entering the head interferes with Taiyang Eye Connection, forming Eye Wind. Foot-Taiyang Water governs cold, hence Eye Cold.)
Wind strike after drinking alcohol forms Leaking Wind. (This section discusses wind strike after drinking forming Leaking Wind. Wine is liquid from cooked grains, with fierce/harsh nature, its qi moving first to the skin. Drinking then catching wind opens couli, causing sweating Leaking Wind.)
Wind strike after sexual intercourse with sweating forms Internal Wind. (This section discusses wind strike after sex forming Internal Wind. Interior is Yin, Exterior is Yang; Essence is Yin, Qi is Yang. Yang guards Yin; Yin keeps Yang. Sex depletes Yin Essence internally; sweating relaxes Yang Qi externally. Thus, wind strikes directly inward, forming Internal Wind.)
Wind strike after newly washing hair forms Head Wind. (This section discusses wind strike after washing hair forming Head Wind. Washing head with water is 'Mu'. Newly washed hair/couli are open; wind enters head skin, forming Head Wind.)
Long-term wind entering the interior forms Intestinal Wind and Undigested Food Diarrhea (Sun Xie); wind remaining external in couli forms Leaking Wind. (This section discusses long-term wind in muscle-couli. Entering interior damages Spleen/Stomach qi, causing Intestinal Wind/Sun Xie. Large/Small Intestines belong to Stomach. Long-term external couli wind relaxes Yang Qi, forming Leaking Wind (open couli with sweat leakage). Above discusses wind's agile/changing nature, varying locations, and distinct symptoms.)
Therefore, wind is the chief of hundred diseases. Its changes lead to other diseases. It has no fixed location but always involves wind qi. ('Zhang' read as rising tone. Wind is Eastern Sheng Qi, head of four seasons, growing and harming all things, like water floating or capsizing boats, hence Chief of Hundred Diseases. Changes are unpredictable, causing varied diseases like non-East wind in Spring, non-South wind in Summer, or rigid/wind from empty directions. 'Fang' means place. Wind pathogen has no fixed site: skin causes Cold-Heat; vessels cause Cold/Heat-in-Middle; zang-fu cause Zang-Fu Wind; Fengfu causes Brain Wind; Eye Connection causes Eye Wind. No fixed site, thus various wind diseases. First three sentences discuss wind changes; last two discuss wind having no fixed location. Wang Zifang asked: Qibo's answers detail the Emperor's questions; later scholars doubted this, suggesting missing or added questions. I say: Classics cannot be altered. The Emperor's "various wind diseases, different names" covers all wind syndromes. Thus, "Wind is Chief of Hundred Diseases" emphasizes unpredictability. One cannot rigidly add/change classics based on limited views.)
The Emperor said, "Why do the appearances of Five Zang Winds differ? I wish to hear their diagnostic methods and disease manifestations." ('Zhen' means inspection/examination. Emperor asks about external manifestations of Five Zang Winds. 'Bing Neng' means zang qi injured by pathogen causing bodily disease.)
Qibo said, "Lung Wind presents with profuse sweating, aversion to wind, pale white complexion, frequent cough, shortness of breath, improving during day, worsening at night. Diagnosis is above the eyebrows, showing white color. ('Cha' same as 'Cai', recovery. Wind is yang pathogen, opening couli, causing sweat. Wind injures yang, disharmony of pathogen/righteousness, causing aversion to wind. 'Ran' is pale white. Lung belongs to Metal, color white. Lung governs Qi, change manifests as cough. Wind forcing Lung causes cough/shortness of breath. Daytime yang is strong, overcoming pathogen, so improvement. Nighttime qi declines, so worsening. Eyebrows/Quting is Lung's sign. Zhang Zhaohuang asked: Why repeat 'white'? I say: 'Pale white' is Lung qi reflected in complexion due to wind. 'Diagnosis above eyebrows, white' is pathological color on face. *Ling Shu · Se Wu Pian* says: Colors have internal/external zones. Color moving from external to internal means disease moves outward to inward; internal to external means inward to outward. Disease from interior treats Yin first, then Yang; reversing worsens it. Disease from exterior treats Exterior first, then Interior; reversing worsens it. Hence, stating colors first, then facial colors, indicates disease moving from interior to exterior. Sages teach holistically; treatment principles are implied.)
Heart Wind presents with profuse sweating, aversion to wind, dry/scorched lips/tongue, irritability/fright, red complexion. Severe cases involve slurred speech. Diagnosis is at the mouth, showing red color. (Heart is Fire organ; wind induces fire excess, drying lips/tongue. Wind transforms to Wood, Wood-Fire blazing causes anger/fright. Heart governs tongue; severe cases cause tongue stiffness/speech difficulty. Heart harmony allows taste perception; diagnosis at mouth/lips/tongue.)
Liver Wind presents with profuse sweating, aversion to wind, sadness, slightly blue-green complexion, dry throat, irritability, occasional aversion to women. Diagnosis is below the eyes, showing green color. (Liver opens to eyes, governs tears, hence sadness. *Jing Mai*: Heart sadness is Will sadness. Will and Heart Essence gather at eyes, causing tears. 'Slightly Cang' is light blue-green. Foot-Jueyin Liver channel passes throat; Wind-Wood combining causes fire-heat and dry throat. Liver Qi disease causes anger. Anger overcomes Thought, hence aversion to women (associated with Thought/Spleen). Eyes are Liver's official organ; diagnosis below eyes.)
Spleen Wind presents with profuse sweating, aversion to wind, lethargic body, unwillingness to move limbs, pale yellow complexion, loss of appetite. Diagnosis is on the nose, showing yellow color. (Spleen governs muscles/limbs; lethargy/unwillingness to move is Spleen Qi disease. Foot-Taiyin Spleen channel connects Stomach, passes diaphragm/throat/tongue. *Jing Mai*: Spleen diseases include inability to eat. Earth is central; diagnosis on nose. Zhaohuang said: Five Zang/Four Seasons Wind starts in Zang qi, then affects body, interior to exterior. Evil invading Zang causes death; here disease is in Zang qi, not damaging Zang True Essence. If wind strikes zang-fu acupoints, it is meridian evil connecting internally. However, wind strike doesn't always move Zang. Evil entering Yin channels flows to Fu organs. Hence, only Stomach Wind is discussed later, as meridian evil returns to Stomach (Yangming is return of all things).)
Kidney Wind presents with profuse sweating, aversion to wind, puffy face, spinal pain unable to stand upright, black complexion, difficult urination/sexual function. Diagnosis is on the skin/muscles, showing black color. ('Mang' and 'Tai' sounds. Wind invading Kidney raises Water Qi, causing facial puffiness. Wind moves, Water disperses. Kidney governs bones; spinal pain/inability to stand. 'Hui' is soot-black. Kidney stores Essence; Shaoyin meets Yangming at Zong Jin. Wind injuring Kidney Qi causes urinary/sexual dysfunction. Water Qi rising causes blackness on skin/muscles (Water insulting Earth). Ying Lue said: Diagnosis at brow/eyes is Lung/Liver base. Heart at mouth, Spleen at nose (Mother transmitting to Son). Kidney black on skin (Insulting Overcoming). Thus, this text's diagnosis differs slightly from *Ling Shu · Wu Yue*. It shows colors in original positions and transmissive variations.)
Stomach Wind presents with neck sweating, aversion to wind, inability to swallow food/drink, chest obstruction, abdominal fullness, bloating when cold, diarrhea when eating cold food. Diagnosis shows emaciated body with large abdomen. (Neck has Fengchi/Fengfu, meridian hubs, hence neck sweat. Stomach Fu injured causes swallowing difficulty, chest obstruction, abdominal fullness. Stomach Qi deficiency causes cold in anterior body, bloating. Cold triggers bloating; cold drinks trigger diarrhea due to Stomach Qi deficiency. Stomach corresponds to flesh; abdomen is Stomach's fortress, hence emaciated body with large belly.)
Head Wind presents with head/face sweating, aversion to wind. Condition worsens one day before wind blows; headache prevents going out/in. On windy days, condition improves slightly. (Head is convergence of Yang meridians. Wind strike after washing makes head couli loose, Yang Qi relaxed, causing sweat/aversion. Wind is Heaven's Yang Qi; Human Yang responds to Heaven Wind. Yang Qi ascends to head, so worsening day before wind (Qi sick before wind arrives). On windy day, Qi scatters with wind, so slight improvement. Zhang Zhaohuang said: Wind approaching and lodging wind both activate, worsening day prior. Human Qi connects with Heaven.)
Leaking Wind presents with profuse sweating, inability to wear single clothes, sweating upon eating, severe cases with whole-body sweat, panting, aversion to wind, wet clothes, dry mouth, thirst, inability to labor. (Drinking: Stomach Qi moves to skin/meridians. Heat opens couli or full meridians leak Yin fluid, causing sweat. Wine is fierce/hot, struggles with wind, preventing even single clothing comfort. Wine enters Stomach, heat gathers in Spleen, internal heat causes sweating upon eating. Severe heat attacks Lung, causing body sweat/panting/aversion/wet clothes. Fluid depletion causes dry mouth/thirst. Yang Qi expanding externally causes inability to labor.)
Leaking Wind (Xie Feng) presents with profuse sweating, sweat soaking clothes, dry mouth, upper body wind-damp struggle, inability to labor, body-wide pain with chills. (Emperor: Excellent. Xie Feng disease: Wind long in couli injures Qi, causing sweat leaking onto clothes, moistening pores, failing to close. Fluid leakage causes dry mouth. Upper body wind-damp struggles injure Yang Qi, causing inability to labor. Wrongful labor causes body pain/chills. Below Pian Feng, only Head, Leaking, and Xie Feng are discussed. These three are in skin/qi level, wind struggling, agile/changing. Hence 'Lung Wind', 'Kidney Wind', 'Head Wind' describe changing wind symptoms. If entering vessels, Pian Feng causes hemiplegia; Brain Wind follows vessels to brain; Eye Wind follows connection to head. No further variations, so not discussed.)