黄帝问曰∶太虚寥廓，五运回薄，衰盛不同，损益相从，愿闻平气何如而名？何如而纪也？岐伯对曰∶
昭乎哉问也！木曰敷和，火曰升明，土曰备化，金
曰审平，水曰静顺。帝曰∶其不及奈何？岐伯曰∶木曰委和，火曰伏明，土曰卑监，金曰从革，水曰涸
流。帝曰∶太过何谓？岐伯曰∶木曰发生，火曰赫曦，土曰敦阜，金曰坚成，水曰流衍。
帝曰∶三气之纪，愿闻其候。岐伯曰∶悉乎哉问也！敷和之纪，木德周行，阳舒阴布，五化宣平，其
气端，其性随，其用曲直，其化生荣，其类草
木，其政发散，其候温和，其令风，其脏肝，肝其畏清，其主目，其谷麻，其果李，其实核，其应春，其虫毛，
其畜犬，其色苍，其养筋，其病里急支满，其味酸，其音角，其物中坚，其数八。
升明之纪，正阳而治，德施周普，五化均衡，其气高，其性速，其用燔灼，其化蕃茂，其类火，其政明曜，
其候炎暑，其令热，其脏心，心其畏寒，其主舌，其谷麦，其果杏，其实络，其应夏，其虫羽，其畜马，
其色赤，其养血，其病
螈，其味苦，其音征，其物脉，其数七。
备化之纪，气协天休，德流四政，五化齐修，其气平，其性顺，其用高下，其化丰满，其类土，其政
安静，其候溽蒸，其令湿，其脏脾，脾其畏风，其主口，其谷稷，其果枣，其实肉，其应长
夏，其虫 ，其畜牛，其色黄，其养肉，其病痞，其味甘，其音宫，其物肤，其数五。
审平之纪，收而不争，杀而无犯，五化宣明，其气洁，其性刚，其用散落，其化坚敛，其类金，其政劲
肃，其候清切，其令燥，其脏肺，肺其畏
热，其主鼻，其谷稻，其果桃，其实壳，其应秋，其虫介，其畜鸡，其色白，其养皮毛，其病咳，其味辛，
其音商，其物外坚，其数九。
静顺之纪，藏而勿害，治而善下，五化咸整，其气明，其性下，其用沃衍，其化凝坚，其类
水，其政流演，其候凝肃，其令寒，其脏肾，肾其畏湿，其主二阴，其谷豆，其果栗，其实濡，其应冬，
其虫鳞，其畜彘，其色黑，其养骨髓，其病厥，其味咸，其音羽，其物濡，其数六。故生而勿杀，
长而勿罚，化而勿制，收而勿害，藏而勿抑，
是谓平气。
委和之纪，是谓胜生，生气不政，化气乃扬，长气自平，收令乃早，凉雨时降，风云并兴，草木晚
荣，苍干雕落，物秀而实，肤肉内充，其气敛，其用聚，其动 戾拘缓，其发惊骇，其脏肝，其果枣李，
其实核壳，其谷稷稻，其味酸辛，其色白
苍，其畜犬鸡，其虫毛介，其主雾露凄沧，其声角商，其病摇动注恐，从金化也，少角与判商同，上角与
正角同，上商与正商同，其病肢废痈肿疮疡，其甘虫，邪伤肝也，上宫与正宫同，萧 肃杀则炎赫沸腾，
眚于三，所谓复也，其主飞
蠹蛆雉，乃为雷霆。
伏明之纪，是谓胜长，长气不宣，脏气反布，收气自政，化令乃衡，寒清数举，暑令乃薄，承化物生，
生而不长，成实而稚，遇化已老，阳气屈伏，蛰虫早藏，其气郁，其用暴，其动彰伏变易，其发痛，
其脏心，其果栗桃，其实络濡，其谷豆稻，
其味苦咸，其色玄丹，其畜马彘，其虫羽鳞，其主冰雪霜寒，其声征羽，其病昏惑悲忘，从水化也，
少征与少羽同，上商与正商同，邪伤心也，凝惨凛冽则豪雨霖霪，眚于九，其主骤注雷霆震惊，沉 淫雨。
卑监之纪，是谓减化，化气不令，生政独彰，长
气整，雨乃愆，收气平，风寒并兴，草木荣美，秀而不实，成而秕也，其气散，其用静定，其动疡涌分溃痈肿，
其发濡滞，其脏脾，其果李栗，其实濡核，其谷豆麻，其味酸甘，其色苍黄，其畜牛犬，其虫 毛，
其主飘怒振发，其声宫角，其病留满痞塞，从木化也，少宫与少角
同，上宫与正宫同，上角与正角同，其病飧泄，邪伤脾也，振拉飘扬则苍干散落，其眚四维，其主败折
虎野狼，清气乃用，生政乃辱。
从革之纪，是谓折收，收气乃后，生气乃扬，长化合德，火政乃宣，庶类以蕃，其气扬，其用躁切，其动
铿禁瞀厥，其发咳喘，其脏肺，其果李杏，
其实壳络，其谷麻麦，其味苦辛，其色白丹，其畜鸡羊，其虫介羽，其主明曜炎烁，其声商征，其病嚏咳鼽衄，
从火化也，少商与少征同，上商与正商同，上角与正角同，邪伤肺也，炎光赫烈则冰雪霜雹，眚于
七，其主鳞伏彘鼠，岁气早至，
乃生大寒。
涸流之纪，是谓反阳，藏令不举，化气乃昌，长气宣布，蛰虫不藏，土润水泉减，草木条茂，荣秀满
盛，其气滞，其用渗泄，其动坚止，其发燥槁，其脏肾，其果枣杏，其实濡肉，其谷黍稷，其味甘咸，其色
玄，其畜彘牛，其虫鳞 ，其主埃郁
昏翳，其声羽宫，其病痿厥坚下，从土化也，少羽与少宫同，上宫与正宫同，其病癃 ，邪伤肾也，埃昏
骤雨则振拉摧拔，眚于一，其主毛显狐 ，变化不藏。故乘危而行，不速而至，炎威无德，灾反及之，微者
复微，甚者复甚，气之常也。
发生之纪，是谓启陈，土疏泄，苍气达，阳和布化，阴气乃随，生气淳化，万物以荣，其化生，其气
美，其政散，其令条舒，其动掉眩巅疾，其德鸣靡启坼，其变振拉摧拔，其谷麻稻，其畜鸡犬，其果李桃，
其色青黄白，其味酸甘辛，其象
春，其经足厥阴少阳，其脏肝脾，其虫毛介，其物中坚外坚，其病怒，太角与上商同，上征则其气逆，
其病吐利，不务其德则收气复，秋气劲切，甚则肃杀，清气大至，草木雕零，邪乃伤肝。
赫曦之纪，是谓蕃茂，阴气内化，阳气外荣，炎暑施化，物得以昌，其化长，其气高，其政动，其令
鸣显，其动炎灼妄扰，其德暄暑郁蒸，其变炎烈沸腾，其谷麦豆，其畜羊彘，其果杏栗，其色赤白玄，
其味苦辛咸，其象夏，其经手少阴太阳，手厥阴少阳，其脏心肺，其虫羽鳞，其物脉濡，其病笑疟疮疡血流
狂妄目赤，上羽与正征同，其收齐，其病 ，上征而收气后也，暴烈其政，脏气乃
复，时见凝惨，甚则雨水霜雹切寒，邪伤心也。
敦阜之纪，是谓广化，浓德清静，顺长以盈，至阴内实，物化充成，烟埃朦郁，见于浓土，大雨时
行，湿气乃用，燥政乃辟，其化圆，其气丰，其政静，其令周备，其动濡积并 ，其德柔润重淖，其变
震惊飘骤崩溃，其谷稷麻，其畜牛犬，其果
枣李，其色 玄苍，其味甘咸酸，其象长夏，其经足太阴阳明，其脏脾肾，其虫 毛，其物肌核，其病腹
满四肢不举，大风迅至，邪伤脾也。
坚成之纪，是谓收引，天气洁，地气明，阳气随，阴治化，燥行其政，物以司成，收气繁布，化洽不
终，其化成，其气削，其政肃，其令锐切，其动暴
折疡疰，其德雾露萧 ，其变肃杀雕零，其谷稻黍，其畜鸡马，其果桃杏，其色白青丹，其味辛酸苦，其象秋，
其经手太阴阳明，其脏肺肝，其虫介羽，其物壳络，其病喘喝胸凭仰息，上征与正商同，其生齐，其病咳，
政暴变则名木不荣，柔脆焦首，长气斯救，大火流，炎烁且至，蔓将槁，邪伤肺也。
流衍之纪，是谓封藏，寒司物化，天地严凝，藏政以布，长令不扬，其化凛，其气坚，其政谧，其
令流注，其动漂泄沃涌，其德凝惨寒 ，其变冰雪霜雹，其谷豆稷，其畜彘牛，其果栗枣，其色黑丹 ，
其味咸苦甘，其象冬，其经足少阴太阳，其脏肾心，其虫鳞 ，其物濡满，其病胀，
上羽而长气不化也。政过则化气大举，而埃昏气交，大雨时降，邪伤肾也。故曰∶不恒其德，则所胜来
复，政恒其理，则所胜同化。此之谓也。
帝曰∶天不足西北，左寒而右凉，地不满东南，右热而左温，其故何也？岐伯曰∶阴阳之气，高下之
理，太少之异也。东南方，阳也，阳者其精降于下，故右热而左温。西北方，阴也，阴者其精奉于上，故左寒
而右凉。是以地有高下，气有温凉，高者气寒，下者气热，故适寒凉者胀，之温热者疮，下之则胀
已，汗之则疮已，此腠理开闭之常，太少之异耳。帝
曰∶其于寿夭何如？岐伯曰∶阴精所奉其人寿，阳精所降其人夭。帝曰∶善。其病也，治之奈何？岐伯曰∶西
北之气散而寒之，东南之气收而温之，所谓同病异治也。故曰∶气寒气凉，治以寒凉，行水渍之。气温气热，
治以温热，强其内守。必同其气，可使平也，假者反之。帝曰∶善。一州之气，生化寿夭不同，其故何也？岐
伯曰∶高下之理，地势使然也。崇高则阴气治之，污下则阳气治之，阳胜者先天，阴胜
者后天，此地理之常，生化之道也。帝曰∶其有寿夭乎？岐伯曰∶高者其气寿，下者其气夭，地之小大异也，
小者小异，大者大异。故治病者，必明天道地理，阴阳更胜，气之先后，人之寿夭，生化之期，乃可以知人
之形气矣。
帝曰∶善。其岁有不病，而脏气不应不用者何也？岐伯曰∶天气制之，气有所从也。帝曰∶愿卒闻之。
岐伯曰∶少阳司天，火气下临，肺气上从，白起金用，草木眚，火见燔 ，革金且耗，大暑以行，咳嚏鼽
衄鼻窒，曰疡，寒热 肿。风行于地，尘沙飞扬，心痛胃脘痛，厥逆膈不通，其主暴速。阳明司天，燥气
下临，肝气上从，苍起木用而立，土乃眚，凄沧数至，木伐草萎，胁痛目赤，掉振鼓栗，筋痿不能久立。
暴热至，土乃暑，阳气郁发，小便变，寒热如疟，甚则心痛，火行于稿，流水不冰，蛰虫乃见。太阳司天，
寒气下临，心气上从，而火且明，丹起金乃眚，寒清时举，胜则水冰，火气高明，心热烦，嗌干善渴，鼽嚏，
喜悲数欠，热气妄行，寒乃复，霜不时降，善忘，甚则心痛。土乃润，水丰衍，寒客至，沉阴化，湿气变物，
水饮内 ，中满不食，皮 肉苛，筋脉不利，甚则 肿身后痈。厥阴司天，风气下临，脾气上从，而土且隆，
黄起水乃眚，土用革，体重肌肉萎，食减口爽，风行太虚，云物摇动，目转耳鸣。火纵其暴，地乃暑，大热消烁，
赤沃下，蛰虫数见，流水不冰，其发机速。少阴司天，热气下临，肺气上从，白起金用，草木眚，喘呕寒热，
嚏鼽衄鼻窒，大暑流行，甚则疮疡燔灼，金烁石流。地乃燥清，凄沧数至，胁痛善太息，肃杀行，草木变。
太阴司天，湿气下临，肾气上从，黑起水变，埃冒云雨，胸中不利，阴痿气大衰而不起不用。当其时反腰 痛，
动转不便也，厥逆。地乃藏阴，大寒且至，蛰虫早附，心下痞痛，地裂冰坚，少腹痛，时害于食，乘金则止水
增，味乃咸，行水减也。
帝曰∶岁有胎孕不育，治之不全，何气使然？岐伯曰∶六气五类，有相胜制也，同者盛之，异者衰之，此
天地之道，生化之常也。故厥阴司天，毛虫静，羽虫育，
介虫不成；在泉，毛虫育， 虫耗，羽虫不育。少阴司天，羽虫静，介虫育，毛虫不成；在泉，羽虫育，
介虫耗不育。太阴司天， 虫静，鳞虫育，羽虫不成；在泉， 虫育，鳞虫不成。少阳司天，羽虫静，毛虫
育， 虫不成；在泉，羽虫育，介虫耗，毛虫不育。阳明司天，介虫静，羽虫育，介虫不成；在泉，介虫育，
毛虫耗，羽虫不成。太阳司天，鳞虫静， 虫育；在泉，鳞虫耗， 虫不育。诸乘所不成之运，则甚也。
故气主有所制，岁立有所生，地气制己胜，天气制胜己，天制色，地制形，五类衰盛，各随其气之所宜也。
故有胎孕不育，治之不全，此气之常也，所谓中根也。
根于外者亦五，故生化之别，有五气五味五色五类五宜也。帝曰∶何谓也？岐伯曰∶根于中者，命曰神机，
神去则机息。根于外者，命曰气立，气止则化绝。故各有制，各有胜，各有生，各有成。故曰∶不知年之所
加，气之同异，不足以言生化。此之谓也。
帝曰∶气始而生化，气散而有形，气布而蕃育，气终而象变，其致一也。然而五味所资，生化有薄浓，
成熟有少多，终始不同，其故何也？岐伯曰∶地气制之也，非天不生，地不长也。帝曰∶愿闻其道。岐伯曰∶
寒热燥湿，不同其化也。故少阳在泉，寒毒不生，其味辛，其治苦酸，其谷苍丹。阳明在泉，湿毒不生，其味
酸，其气湿，其治辛苦甘，其谷丹素。太阳在泉，热毒不生，其味苦，其治淡咸，其谷
。厥阴在泉，清毒不生，其味甘，其治酸苦，其谷苍赤，其气专，其味正。少阴在泉，寒毒不生，其味
辛，其治辛苦甘，其谷白丹。太阴在泉，燥毒不生，其味咸，其气热，其治甘咸，其谷 。化淳则咸守，
气专则辛化而俱治。故曰∶补上下者从之，治上下
者逆之，以所在寒热盛衰而调之。故曰∶上取下取，内取外取，以求其过。能毒者以浓药，不胜毒者以薄药。
此之谓也。气反者，病在上，取之下；病在下，取之上；病在中，旁取之。治热以寒，温而行之；治寒以热，
凉而行之；治温以清，冷而行之；治清以温，热而行之。故消之削之，吐之下之，补之泻之，久新同法。帝曰∶
Huangdi asked: The Great Void is vast and boundless, the Five Movements (Wu Yun) swirl and press against each other. Their decline and abundance differ, and their loss and gain follow one another. I wish to hear how the Balanced Qi (Ping Qi) is named? And how are its characteristics recorded?
Qibo replied: What an insightful question! Wood's Balanced Qi is called "Fu He" (Spreading Harmony), Fire's is "Sheng Ming" (Ascending Brightness), Earth's is "Bei Hua" (Complete Transformation), Metal's is "Shen Ping" (Judging Peace), and Water's is "Jing Shun" (Quiet Obedience).
Huangdi said: What about when they are insufficient (Bu Ji)?
Qibo said: Wood's insufficiency is called "Wei He" (Languid Harmony), Fire's is "Fu Ming" (Hidden Brightness), Earth's is "Bei Jian" (Low Supervision), Metal's is "Cong Ge" (Following Change), and Water's is "He Liu" (Dried Stream).
Huangdi said: What is meant by excess (Tai Guo)?
Qibo said: Wood's excess is called "Fa Sheng" (Initiating Growth), Fire's is "He Xi" (Blazing Heat), Earth's is "Dun Fu" (Piled High Mound), Metal's is "Jian Cheng" (Firm Completion), and Water's is "Liu Yan" (Overflowing Flow).
Huangdi said: Regarding the records of these three Qi states (Balanced, Insufficient, Excessive), I wish to hear their manifestations.
Qibo said: What a thorough question! In the record of Fu He (Wood Balanced), Wood Virtue circulates universally; Yang expands, Yin distributes; the five transformations are open and peaceful. Its Qi is upright, its nature is compliant; its function is flexible (bending and straightening); its transformation brings prosperity; its category is grass and trees; its administration is dispersing; its climate is mild and warm; its command is wind; its corresponding Zang organ is the Liver; the Liver fears coolness; it governs the eyes; its corresponding grain is hemp; its corresponding fruit is plum; its fruit substance is a pit/nucleus; it corresponds to Spring; its corresponding insect is hairy insects (mammals); its corresponding domestic animal is the dog; its color is cyan/green; it nourishes the sinews; its disease is internal tension and flank fullness; its taste is sour; its musical note is Jue; its object has a hard center; its number is eight.
In the record of Sheng Ming (Fire Balanced), pure Yang governs; virtue is applied universally; the five transformations are balanced. Its Qi is high; its nature is rapid; its function is like burning and scorching; its transformation is luxuriant; its category is fire; its administration is bright and shining; its climate is hot and sultry; its command is heat; its corresponding Zang organ is the Heart; the Heart fears cold; it governs the tongue; its corresponding grain is wheat; its corresponding fruit is apricot; its fruit substance is fibrous/net-like; it corresponds to Summer; its corresponding insect is feathered insects (birds); its corresponding domestic animal is the horse; its color is red; it nourishes the blood; its disease is spasms and clonic movements (Chi Zhong); its taste is bitter; its musical note is Zhi; its object has vein-like textures; its number is seven.
In the record of Bei Hua (Earth Balanced), Qi harmonizes with heavenly rest; virtue flows through the four administrations; the five transformations are cultivated together. Its Qi is level; its nature is smooth; its function covers high and low; its transformation is plump and full; its category is earth; its administration is quiet; its climate is humid and steaming; its command is dampness; its corresponding Zang organ is the Spleen; the Spleen fears wind; it governs the mouth; its corresponding grain is millet (Ji); its corresponding fruit is jujube; its fruit substance is flesh; it corresponds to Late Summer; its corresponding insect is naked insects (humans and hairless animals); its corresponding domestic animal is the ox; its color is yellow; it nourishes the muscles; its disease is obstruction and痞 (Pi); its taste is sweet; its musical note is Gong; its object has skin-like surface; its number is five.
In the record of Shen Ping (Metal Balanced), gathering without contention; killing without violation; the five transformations are clear and manifest. Its Qi is clean; its nature is rigid; its function is scattering and falling; its transformation is firm and contracting; its category is metal; its administration is vigorous and austere; its climate is clear and biting; its command is dryness; its corresponding Zang organ is the Lung; the Lung fears heat; it governs the nose; its corresponding grain is rice; its corresponding fruit is peach; its fruit substance is shell/husk; it corresponds to Autumn; its corresponding insect is shelled insects (crustaceans/insects); its corresponding domestic animal is the chicken; its color is white; it nourishes the skin and hair; its disease is cough; its taste is pungent; its musical note is Shang; its object is hard on the outside; its number is nine.
In the record of Jing Shun (Water Balanced), storing without harming; governing and benefiting from below; the five transformations are all complete. Its Qi is bright; its nature is descending; its function is irrigating and overflowing; its transformation is condensed and firm; its category is water; its administration is flowing and evolving; its climate is condensed and austere; its command is cold; its corresponding Zang organ is the Kidney; the Kidney fears dampness; it governs the two yin openings (urethra and anus); its corresponding grain is beans; its corresponding fruit is chestnut; its fruit substance is moist; it corresponds to Winter; its corresponding insect is scaled insects (fish/reptiles); its corresponding domestic animal is the pig; its color is black; it nourishes the bone marrow; its disease is jue (cold extremities); its taste is salty; its musical note is Yu; its object is moist; its number is six. Therefore, when generating, do not kill; when growing, do not punish; when transforming, do not restrict; when gathering, do not harm; when storing, do not suppress. This is called Balanced Qi.
In the record of Wei He (Wood Insufficient), this is called defeating generation. The Qi of generation does not govern; the Qi of transformation rises; the Qi of growth naturally levels off; the command of gathering arrives early. Cool rain falls on time; wind and clouds rise together. Grass and trees flourish late; cyan colors dry and fall. Plants flower and bear fruit, but flesh fills inwardly. Its Qi gathers; its function concentrates. Its movement involves spasms, rigidity, or flaccidity; its onset causes fright. Its corresponding Zang organ is the Liver; its fruits are jujube and plum; its fruit substances are pits and shells; its grains are millet and rice; its tastes are sour and pungent; its colors are white and cyan. Its domestic animals are dogs and chickens; its insects are hairy and shelled. It is governed by misty dew and chill; its sounds are Jue and Shang notes. Its diseases include trembling, diarrhea, and fear. This transforms from Metal. Shao Jue is similar to Pan Shang; Shang Jue is similar to Zheng Jue; Shang Shang is similar to Zheng Shang. Diseases include limb paralysis, carbuncles, sores, and ulcers. Sweet-flavored insects appear; evil harms the Liver. Shang Gong is similar to Zheng Gong. If desolate and austere Qi prevails, blazing heat boils over; disaster strikes the Third Palace (East/Spring related); this is called Repulsion (Fu). It governs flying pests, maggots, and pheasants, leading to thunder and lightning.
In the record of Fu Ming (Fire Insufficient), this is called defeating growth. The Qi of growth is not disseminated; Zang Qi reverses and spreads; the Qi of gathering governs itself; the command of transformation balances. Cold and clear Qi frequently arises; the summer command becomes thin. Things born from transformation grow but do not mature; they become solid but remain immature; they are old when transformation occurs. Yang Qi is suppressed; hibernating insects hide early. Its Qi is depressed; its function is violent. Its movement shows alternating manifestation and concealment; its onset causes pain. Its corresponding Zang organ is the Heart; its fruits are chestnut and peach; its fruit substances are fibrous and moist; its grains are beans and rice; its tastes are bitter and salty; its colors are dark and red. Its domestic animals are horses and pigs; its insects are feathered and scaled. It is governed by ice, snow, frost, and cold; its sounds are Zhi and Yu notes. Its diseases include confusion, sorrow, and forgetfulness. This transforms from Water. Shao Zhi is similar to Shao Yu; Shang Shang is similar to Zheng Shang. Evil harms the Heart. If condensing and chilling Qi prevails, heavy rains pour continuously; disaster strikes the Ninth Palace (South/Summer related). It governs sudden downpours, thunder shocks, and lingering rains.
In the record of Bei Jian (Earth Insufficient), this is called diminished transformation. The Qi of transformation does not issue commands; the Qi of generation shines alone. The Qi of growth is regulated; rain is delayed; the Qi of gathering is balanced; wind and cold arise together. Grass and trees flourish beautifully but do not bear fruit; if they do, they are shriveled. Its Qi is scattered; its function is static and stable. Its movement involves ulceration, swelling, and bursting abscesses; its onset causes stagnation and dampness. Its corresponding Zang organ is the Spleen; its fruits are plum and chestnut; its fruit substances are moist and pitted; its grains are beans and hemp; its tastes are sour and sweet; its colors are cyan and yellow. Its domestic animals are oxen and dogs; its insects are naked and hairy. It is governed by drifting anger and vibration; its sounds are Gong and Jue notes. Its diseases include retention, fullness, and obstruction. This transforms from Wood. Shao Gong is similar to Shao Jue; Shang Gong is similar to Zheng Gong; Shang Jue is similar to Zheng Jue. Diseases include undigested stool diarrhea; evil harms the Spleen. If violent winds blow and flutter, grass and trees dry and scatter; disaster strikes the Four Corners (Diagonals). It governs broken tigers and wild wolves; clear Qi is used, and the Qi of generation is humiliated.
In the record of Cong Ge (Metal Insufficient), this is called breaking gathering. The Qi of gathering is late; the Qi of generation rises. Growth and transformation harmonize; Fire administration is proclaimed; myriad species multiply. Its Qi flies up; its function is restless and urgent. Its movement involves clanging obstruction, dizziness, and jue; its onset causes cough and wheezing. Its corresponding Zang organ is the Lung; its fruits are plum and apricot; its fruit substances are shells and fibers; its grains are hemp and wheat; its tastes are bitter and pungent; its colors are white and red. Its domestic animals are chickens and sheep; its insects are shelled and feathered. It is governed by bright shining and scorching heat; its sounds are Shang and Zhi notes. Its diseases include sneezing, coughing, rhinorrhea, and epistaxis. This transforms from Fire. Shao Shang is similar to Shao Zhi; Shang Shang is similar to Zheng Shang; Shang Jue is similar to Zheng Jue. Evil harms the Lung. If fiery light is intense, ice, snow, frost, and hail occur; disaster strikes the Seventh Palace (West/Autumn related). It governs hidden scaled insects, pigs, and mice; yearly Qi arrives early, causing severe cold.
In the record of He Liu (Water Insufficient), this is called counter-Yang. The storage command is not raised; the Qi of transformation prospers; the Qi of growth is announced; hibernating insects do not hide. Soil is moist, springs diminish; branches and leaves are lush, flourishing and full. Its Qi is stagnant; its function is seeping and draining. Its movement is hard and stopped; its onset is dry and withered. Its corresponding Zang organ is the Kidney; its fruits are jujube and apricot; its fruit substances are moist and fleshy; its grains are broomcorn millet and foxtail millet; its tastes are sweet and salty; its color is black; its domestic animals are pigs and oxen; its insects are scaled and naked. It is governed by dusty oppression and dimness; its sounds are Yu and Gong notes. Its diseases include flaccidity, jue, and lower hardness. This transforms from Earth. Shao Yu is similar to Shao Gong; Shang Gong is similar to Zheng Gong. Diseases include strangury; evil harms the Kidney. If dusty dimness and sudden rain occur, violent winds break and pull up; disaster strikes the First Palace (North/Winter related). It governs hairy foxes; changes are unhidden. Thus, acting while precarious, arriving without haste, majesty without virtue, disaster returns to it. Minor repulsions are minor, major repulsions are major; this is the constant of Qi.
In the record of Fa Sheng (Wood Excessive), this is called opening the old. Earth Qi is loose and draining; Cyan Qi reaches out; Yang warmth spreads transformation; Yin Qi follows. Generation Qi is pure and transformative; all things flourish. Its transformation is birth; its Qi is beautiful; its administration is dispersing; its command is stretching and soothing. Its movement involves shaking, dizziness, and head diseases. Its virtue involves sounding, rotting, opening, and splitting. Its change involves violent breaking and uprooting. Its grains are hemp and rice; its domestic animals are chickens and dogs; its fruits are plums and peaches; its colors are green, yellow, and white; its tastes are sour, sweet, and pungent; its image is Spring; its meridians are Foot Jueyin and Foot Shaoyang; its Zang organs are Liver and Spleen; its insects are hairy and shelled; its objects are hard inside and out. Its disease is anger. Tai Jue is similar to Shang Shang; Shang Zhi causes Qi rebellion, leading to vomiting and diarrhea. If it does not practice its virtue, Gathering Qi retaliates; Autumn Qi becomes sharp, even austere; Clear Qi arrives greatly, grass and trees wither; evil harms the Liver.
In the record of He Xi (Fire Excessive), this is called luxuriant growth. Yin Qi transforms internally; Yang Qi glorifies externally. Blazing heat implements transformation; things prosper. Its transformation is growth; its Qi is high; its administration is active; its command is loud and manifest. Its movement is scorching and disturbing; its virtue is warm, sultry, and steaming. Its change is fierce boiling. Its grains are wheat and beans; its domestic animals are sheep and pigs; its fruits are apricots and chestnuts; its colors are red, white, and black; its tastes are bitter, pungent, and salty; its image is Summer; its meridians are Hand Shaoyin, Hand Taiyang, Hand Jueyin, and Hand Shaoyang; its Zang organs are Heart and Lung; its insects are feathered and scaled; its objects are veiny and moist. Its diseases include laughter, malaria, sores, bleeding, madness, and red eyes. Shang Yu is similar to Zheng Zhi; gathering is synchronized; its disease is spasms (text missing, inferred); Shang Zhi makes gathering late; violent administration causes Zang Qi to recover; occasional chilling occurs; severe cases bring rain, frost, and hail with cutting cold; evil harms the Heart.
In the record of Dun Fu (Earth Excessive), this is called extensive transformation. Deep virtue is clear and quiet; it follows growth to fill; extreme Yin is internally solid; things transform and complete. Smoke and dust are murky, seen in thick soil; heavy rain flows often; dampness is utilized; dry administration is excluded. Its transformation is round; its Qi is abundant; its administration is quiet; its command is comprehensive. Its movement involves damp accumulation and merging; its virtue is soft, moist, and heavy. Its change involves shock, drifting, and collapse. Its grains are millet and hemp; its domestic animals are oxen and dogs; its fruits are jujubes and plums; its colors are yellow, black, and cyan; its tastes are sweet, salty, and sour; its image is Late Summer; its meridians are Foot Taiyin and Foot Yangming; its Zang organs are Spleen and Kidney; its insects are naked and hairy; its objects are muscle and nut. Its disease is abdominal fullness and inability to move limbs. Great wind arrives swiftly; evil harms the Spleen.
In the record of Jian Cheng (Metal Excessive), this is called gathering and drawing in. Heaven Qi is clean; Earth Qi is bright; Yang Qi follows; Yin Qi governs transformation. Dryness executes administration; things are completed by it. Gathering Qi spreads abundantly; transformation does not finish. Its transformation completes; its Qi weakens; its administration is austere; its command is sharp and cutting. Its movement involves violent fracture, sores, and infectious diseases. Its virtue is misty and desolate. Its change is austere killing and withering. Its grains are rice and broomcorn millet; its domestic animals are chickens and horses; its fruits are peaches and apricots; its colors are white, green, and red; its tastes are pungent, sour, and bitter; its image is Autumn; its meridians are Hand Taiyin and Hand Yangming; its Zang organs are Lung and Liver; its insects are shelled and feathered; its objects are shells and fibers. Its disease is panting, chest oppression, and仰息 (breathing with head extended). Shang Zhi is similar to Zheng Shang; growth is uniform; its disease is cough. Violent administrative change means famous trees do not flourish; brittle ones burn at the top; Growth Qi saves; Great Fire flows; scorching heat arrives; vines wither; evil harms the Lung.
In the record of Liu Yan (Water Excessive), this is called sealing and storing. Cold governs thing transformation; Heaven and Earth are strict and condensed. Storage administration is spread; Growth command is not raised. Its transformation is chilling; its Qi is firm; its administration is silent; its command is flowing and pouring. Its movement is floating, draining, and surging; its virtue is condensed, chilling, and freezing. Its change is ice, snow, frost, and hail. Its grains are beans and millet; its domestic animals are pigs and oxen; its fruits are chestnuts and jujubes; its colors are black and red; its tastes are salty, bitter, and sweet; its image is Winter; its meridians are Foot Shaoyin and Foot Taiyang; its Zang organs are Kidney and Heart; its insects are scaled and naked; its objects are moist and full. Its disease is distension. Shang Yu means Growth Qi does not transform. If administration exceeds, Transformation Qi rises greatly, and dusty dimness intersects; heavy rain falls often; evil harms the Kidney. Thus it is said: If virtue is not constant, the conquered element復 (repulses); if administration is constant in principle, the conquered element transforms similarly. This is what is meant.
Huangdi said: Heaven is deficient in the northwest, where the left is cold and the right is cool; Earth is incomplete in the southeast, where the right is hot and the left is warm. What is the reason?
Qibo said: It is the difference in Yin and Yang Qi, the principle of high and low, and the distinction of Shao and Tai (less and more). The Southeast is Yang; Yang essence descends downward, hence the right is hot and the left is warm. The Northwest is Yin; Yin essence ascends upward, hence the left is cold and the right is cool. Therefore, Earth has high and low, and Qi has warm and cool. High places have cold Qi; low places have hot Qi. Thus, going to cold/cool places causes bloating; going to warm/hot places causes sores. Purging resolves bloating; sweating resolves sores. This is the normal opening and closing of cou li (skin pores), merely the difference of Shao and Tai.
Huangdi said: How does this affect longevity and premature death?
Qibo said: Those whose Yin essence is offered upward live long; those whose Yang essence descends die young.
Huangdi said: Excellent. If there is disease, how should it be treated?
Qibo said: For Northwest Qi, disperse and cool; for Southeast Qi, gather and warm. This is called treating the same disease differently. Thus it is said: For cold and cool Qi, treat with cold and cool herbs, assist with water baths. For warm and hot Qi, treat with warm and hot herbs, strengthen internal retention. Must match the Qi to achieve balance; false conditions are reversed.
Huangdi said: Excellent. Within one province, Qi differs in generation, transformation, longevity, and premature death. Why?
Qibo said: This is due to the principle of high and low, caused by terrain. Elevated areas are governed by Yin Qi; depressed areas are governed by Yang Qi. Yang victory precedes heaven (time); Yin victory follows heaven (time). This is the constant of geography and the way of generation and transformation.
Huangdi said: Is there a difference in longevity here?
Qibo said: High places have Qi of longevity; low places have Qi of premature death. Small differences exist in small lands; large differences in large lands. Therefore, treating disease requires understanding Heavenly Dao and Earthly Geography, Yin-Yang mutual victory, the sequence of Qi, human longevity, and the period of generation and transformation, to know human form and Qi.
Huangdi said: Excellent. Some years have no disease, yet Zang Qi does not respond or function. Why?
Qibo said: Heaven Qi controls it; Qi has something to follow.
Huangdi said: I wish to hear this completely.
Qibo said: When Shaoyang rules Heaven, Fire Qi descends; Lung Qi ascends in response; White appears, Metal functions; grass and trees suffer. Fire appears, burning; Metal is transformed and depleted. Great heat prevails; cough, sneeze, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction occur, called yang; cold-heat swelling. Wind moves on Earth; dust and sand fly; heart pain and stomach pain occur; jue ni and diaphragm obstruction; its main characteristic is sudden speed.
When Yangming rules Heaven, Dryness Qi descends; Liver Qi ascends in response; Cyan appears, Wood functions; Earth suffers. Chilliness comes frequently; Wood is felled, grass withers; hypochondriac pain and red eyes occur; shaking, tremors, chattering, sinew flaccidity preventing standing for long. Violent heat arrives; Earth becomes hot; Yang Qi stagnates and erupts; urine changes; cold-heat like malaria; severe heart pain. Fire moves on dry stalks; flowing water does not freeze; hibernating insects appear.
When Taiyang rules Heaven, Cold Qi descends; Heart Qi ascends in response; Fire becomes bright; Red appears, Metal suffers. Cold and clear Qi frequently arises; victory causes water to freeze. Fire Qi is high and bright; heart heat and vexation occur; throat dryness and frequent thirst; rhinorrhea and sneezing; liking sadness and frequent yawning. Hot Qi acts recklessly; Cold returns; frost does not fall on time; memory loss; severe heart pain. Earth becomes moist; Water overflows. Cold guests arrive; deep Yin transforms; Dampness changes things; water drink accumulates internally; middle fullness and lack of appetite; skin numbness and roughness; sinews and vessels unfavorable; severe edema and back sores.
When Jueyin rules Heaven, Wind Qi descends; Spleen Qi ascends in response; Earth becomes prominent; Yellow appears, Water suffers. Earth function changes; body weight, muscle flaccidity; reduced food intake and dull taste. Wind moves in the great void; clouds and objects shake; vertigo and tinnitus. Fire releases its violence; Earth becomes hot; great heat consumes; red moisture flows down; hibernating insects appear frequently; flowing water does not freeze; its onset mechanism is fast.
When Shaoyin rules Heaven, Hot Qi descends; Lung Qi ascends in response; White appears, Metal functions; grass and trees suffer; wheezing, vomiting, cold-heat; sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction. Great heat prevails; severe sores and burning; Metal melts stones. Earth becomes dry and clear; chilliness comes frequently; hypochondriac pain and frequent sighing; austere killing moves; grass and trees change.
When Taiyin rules Heaven, Dampness Qi descends; Kidney Qi ascends in response; Black appears, Water changes; dust covers clouds and rain; chest discomfort; impotence, Qi greatly declines and does not rise or function. At that time, contrary lumbar and spine pain, difficulty moving and turning, jue ni. Earth stores Yin; great cold arrives; hibernating insects attach early; subcardiac fullness and pain; earth cracks, ice hard; lower abdominal pain; occasionally harming food intake. Conquering Metal causes still water to increase; taste becomes salty; moving water decreases.
Huangdi said: Some years have fetal pregnancy and infertility, treatment incomplete. What Qi causes this?
Qibo said: The Six Qi and Five Categories have mutual conquest and control. Same ones prosper; different ones decline. This is the Way of Heaven and Earth, the constant of generation and transformation. Thus, when Jueyin rules Heaven, Hairy insects are quiet; Feathered insects breed; Shelled insects do not complete. In泉 (Earth), Hairy insects breed; Naked insects consume; Feathered insects do not breed. When Shaoyin rules Heaven, Feathered insects are quiet; Shelled insects breed; Hairy insects do not complete. In泉, Feathered insects breed; Shelled insects consume and do not breed. When Taiyin rules Heaven, Naked insects are quiet; Scaled insects breed; Feathered insects do not complete. In泉, Naked insects breed; Scaled insects do not complete. When Shaoyang rules Heaven, Feathered insects are quiet; Hairy insects breed; Naked insects do not complete. In泉, Feathered insects breed; Shelled insects consume; Hairy insects do not breed. When Yangming rules Heaven, Shelled insects are quiet; Feathered insects breed; Shelled insects do not complete. In泉, Shelled insects breed; Hairy insects consume; Feathered insects do not complete. When Taiyang rules Heaven, Scaled insects are quiet; Naked insects breed; In泉, Scaled insects consume; Naked insects do not breed. All conquering the uncompleted movement is severe.
Thus Qi masters have constraints; Year establishment has generation. Earth Qi controls what it conquers; Heaven Qi controls what conquers it. Heaven controls Color; Earth controls Form. The five categories decline and prosper, each following the suitability of Qi. Thus there is fetal infertility and incomplete treatment; this is the constant of Qi, called the Middle Root.
Rooted externally are also five; thus the distinction of generation and transformation has Five Qi, Five Tastes, Five Colors, Five Categories, and Five Suitabilities. Huangdi said: What is this?
Qibo said: Rooted internally is called Shen Ji (Spirit Mechanism); when Spirit goes, Mechanism stops. Rooted externally is called Qi Li (Qi Establishment); when Qi stops, transformation ends. Thus each has constraint, each has conquest, each has generation, each has completion. Thus it is said: Not knowing the year's addition and Qi similarity/difference is insufficient to speak of generation and transformation. This is what is meant.
Huangdi said: Qi begins and generates transformation; Qi scatters and forms shape; Qi spreads and multiplies; Qi ends and images change; their destination is one. However, the support of Five Tastes, generation and transformation have thin and thick, maturity has less and more, beginning and end differ. Why?
Qibo said: Earth Qi controls it. It is not that Heaven does not generate, nor Earth does not grow.
Huangdi said: I wish to hear the principle.
Qibo said: Cold, Heat, Dryness, Dampness do not share the same transformation. Thus, when Shaoyang is in泉, Cold poison does not generate; its taste is Pungent; its treatment is Bitter and Sour; its grains are Cyan and Red. When Yangming is in泉, Wet poison does not generate; its taste is Sour; its Qi is Wet; its treatment is Pungent, Bitter, and Sweet; its grains are Red and White. When Taiyang is in泉, Heat poison does not generate; its taste is Bitter; its treatment is Light and Salty; its grains are Black (Ju). When Jueyin is in泉, Clear poison does not generate; its taste is Sweet; its treatment is Sour and Bitter; its grains are Cyan and Red; its Qi is specialized; its taste is correct. When Shaoyin is in泉, Cold poison does not generate; its taste is Pungent; its treatment is Pungent, Bitter, and Sweet; its grains are White and Red. When Taiyin is in泉, Dry poison does not generate; its taste is Salty; its Qi is Hot; its treatment is Sweet and Salty; its grains are Black (Ju). Pure transformation keeps Salt; specialized Qi transforms Pungent and treats together. Thus it is said: Tonifying upper and lower follows; treating upper and lower opposes; regulate according to the location's cold/heat excess/deficiency. Thus it is said: Upper take lower, inner take outer, to seek the fault. Those who can tolerate poison use strong medicine; those who cannot tolerate poison use weak medicine. This is what is meant. Qi reversal: Disease above, take below; disease below, take above; disease in middle, take sides. Treat heat with cold, administer warmly; treat cold with heat, administer coolly; treat warmth with clearing, administer coldly; treat clearing with warming, administer warmly. Thus reduce, cut, vomit, purge, tonify, drain; chronic and acute follow the same method. Huangdi said: