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The first part discusses the Qi of the Five Zang organs, aligning with the Heavenly Times; in this section, Qibo continues the meaning of the previous part to elucidate the Five Qi. Generally, the numbers of Heaven and Earth do not exceed "Five," and the human body's form and viscera are all subordinate to Qi. Therefore, it lists the Five Flavors entering [specific organs], diseases caused by the Five Qi, the merging of Five Essences, what the Five Zang organs dislike, the transformation fluids of the Five Zang organs, prohibitions regarding the Five Flavors, the onset of Five Diseases, the disorder caused by Five Pathogenic Factors, the manifestations of Five Pathogenic Factors, what the Five Zang organs store, what the Five Zang organs govern, the injuries caused by Five Types of Strain, and the correspondences of the Five Pulses, thereby elucidating the Five Qi.

**The Five Flavors Entering:** Sour flavor enters the Liver (Gan), Pungent flavor enters the Lung (Fei), Bitter flavor enters the Heart (Xin), Salty flavor enters the Kidney (Shen), Sweet flavor enters the Spleen (Pi); this is called the "Five Entrances."
The five flavors of the earth nourish the human five Zang organs; when the five flavors enter the five Zang organs, this is called the "Five Entrances."

**Diseases Caused by the Five Qi:** Heart disease manifests as belching (Yi), Lung disease as cough (Ke), Liver disease as excessive speech (Yu), Spleen disease as swallowing difficulty (Tun), Kidney disease as yawning (Qian) and sneezing (Ti), Stomach disease as rebellious Qi (Qi Ni) and hiccup (Hui) along with fear (Kong), Large Intestine and Small Intestine diseases as diarrhea (Xie), Lower Jiao disease as overflowing water, Bladder disease as difficult urination (Bu Li) and strangury (Long), lack of restraint leading to enuresis (Yi Niao), and Gallbladder disease as anger (Nu); this is called the "Five Diseases."
"Niao" is pronounced like "Niao" (bird). The so-called diseases caused by the Five Qi refer to disorders of the original Qi of the five Zang organs. When pathogenic Qi affects the Heart, belching occurs; belching is mild eructation. When pathogenic Qi affects the Lung, cough occurs; cough is the rebellion of Qi upward. When pathogenic Qi affects the Liver, excessive speech occurs; excessive speech means talking too much. When pathogenic Qi affects the Spleen, swallowing difficulty occurs; swallowing difficulty refers to disharmony at the root of the tongue. When pathogenic Qi affects the Kidney, yawning and sneezing occur; yawning is the mutual attraction of Yin and Yang, and sneezing is Yin emerging from Yang. This is a disease caused by the disharmony of the original Qi of the five Zang organs. When the five Zang organs are disharmonious, the six Fu organs become obstructed. Thus, Stomach disease leads to rebellious Qi; if Qi cannot emerge upward from the Lung, hiccups occur; hiccups are eructations that fail to descend to the Kidney, leading to fear, which arises from the disharmony of Wu and Gui. Large and Small Intestine diseases lead to diarrhea, where water and grain flow downward. Lower Jiao disease fails to regulate water passages, leading to flooding and water retention. Bladder disease, with stagnant Qi and poor circulation, leads to strangury; Qi deficiency and lack of restraint lead to enuresis. Gallbladder disease, constrained and unrelieved, leads to anger. These diseases of the Five Qi affecting the six Fu organs constitute the "Five Diseases."

**The Merging of Five Essences:** If Essence-Qi merges into the Heart, there is joy (Xi); if it merges into the Lung, there is sorrow (Bei); if it merges into the Liver, there is worry (You); if it merges into the Spleen, there is dread (Wei); if it merges into the Kidney, there is fear (Kong); this is called the "Five Mergings." This occurs due to deficiency and mutual merging.
The so-called Five Mergings refer to the merging of Essence-Qi into deficient Zang organs. Essence refers to Yin Essence, and Qi refers to Yang Qi. When Essence-Qi merges into the Heart, the Heart receives the merged Qi and manifests joy, which is the emotion of the Heart. When it merges into the Lung, the Lung receives the merged Qi and manifests sorrow, which is the emotion of the Lung. When it merges into the Liver, the Liver receives the merged Qi and manifests worry. Although the Liver governs anger, here it is said to govern worry because the previous text stated the Gallbladder governs anger; thus, the Liver governs worry here. Anger represents excess, while worry represents deficiency. When it merges into the Spleen, the Spleen receives the merged Qi and manifests dread. While deliberation is the emotion of the Spleen, here it is said to be dread because extreme deliberation leads to fear. When it merges into the Kidney, the Kidney receives the merged Qi and manifests fear, which is the emotion of the Kidney. All these constitute the "Five Mergings," clarifying that these mergings occur due to deficiency. Thus, the merging of Essence-Qi indicates a insufficiency of Essence-Qi.

**What the Five Zang Organs Dislike:** The Heart dislikes Heat (Re), the Lung dislikes Cold (Han), the Liver dislikes Wind (Feng), the Spleen dislikes Dampness (Shi), and the Kidney dislikes Dryness (Zao); this is called the "Five Dislikes."
"Dislike" is pronounced with the departing tone. Heat Qi damages the Heart, so the Heart dislikes heat. Cold Qi damages the Lung, so the Lung dislikes cold. Wind Qi damages the Liver, so the Liver dislikes wind. Dampness Qi damages the Spleen, so the Spleen dislikes dampness. Dryness Qi damages the Kidney, so the Kidney dislikes dryness. All these constitute the "Five Dislikes."

**Transformation Fluids of the Five Zang Organs:** The Heart transforms sweat (Han), the Lung transforms nasal mucus (Ti), the Liver transforms tears (Lei), the Spleen transforms saliva/phlegm (Xian), and the Kidney transforms thick saliva (Tuo); this is called the "Five Fluids."
Transformation fluids refer to the process where food and drink enter, and body fluids travel their respective pathways. The five Zang organs receive the essence of food and drink, moistening and pouring it into orifices, transforming it into fluids. Sweat is blood-related, governed by the Heart, so the Heart produces sweat. Nasal mucus emerges from the nose, governed by the Lung, so the Lung produces nasal mucus. Tears emerge from the eyes, governed by the Liver, so the Liver produces tears. Saliva emerges from the mouth, governed by the Spleen, so the Spleen produces saliva. Thick saliva belongs to Water Essence, governed by the Kidney, so the Kidney produces thick saliva. All these constitute the "Five Fluids." The *Ling Shu: Gen Jie* chapter states: The Shaoyin channel roots at Yongquan (KI1) and knots at Lianquan (RN23). Lianquan is the orifice under the tongue. This shows the Kidney is the Water Organ, ascending from below. Although there are five fluids, they are actually governed by the Kidney; therefore, all five fluids have a salty taste, and salty is the taste of Water.

**Prohibitions Regarding the Five Flavors:** Pungent flavor moves Qi; for Qi diseases, do not eat much pungent flavor. Salty flavor moves Blood; for Blood diseases, do not eat much salty flavor. Bitter flavor moves Bones; for Bone diseases, do not eat much bitter flavor. Sweet flavor moves Flesh; for Flesh diseases, do not eat much sweet flavor. Sour flavor moves Tendons; for Tendon diseases, do not eat much sour flavor. This is called the "Five Prohibitions," meaning do not allow excessive consumption.
Each of the five flavors has its own predominance, hence the prohibition against excessive consumption. Pungent flavors move Qi; for Qi diseases involving Lung Qi deficiency, one should not eat much pungent flavor. Salty flavors move Blood; for Blood diseases involving Heart Blood deficiency, one should not eat much salty flavor. Bitter flavors move Bones; for Bone diseases involving Kidney deficiency, one should not eat much bitter flavor. Sweet flavors move Flesh; for Flesh diseases involving Spleen deficiency, one should not eat much sweet flavor. Sour flavors move Tendons; for Tendon diseases involving Liver deficiency, one should not eat much sour flavor. All these constitute the "Five Prohibitions." The term "prohibition" does not mean absolute abstinence but rather avoiding excessive consumption.

**Onset of Five Diseases:** Yin diseases manifest in bones, Yang diseases manifest in blood, Yin diseases manifest in flesh, Yang diseases manifest in winter, and Yin diseases manifest in summer; this is called the "Five Onsets."
Diseases of Yin and Yang within the five Zang organs each have specific sites of onset. The *Jin Gui Zhen Yan Lun* states: Yin within Yin is the Kidney; Yang within Yang is the Heart; Yin among Supreme Yin is the Spleen; Yin among Yang is the Liver; Yang within Yin is the Lung. The Kidney is Yin, governing bones, so Kidney Yin diseases manifest in bones. The Heart is Yang, governing blood, so Heart Yang diseases manifest in blood. The Spleen is Yin, governing flesh, so Spleen Yin diseases manifest in flesh. The Liver is Yang, corresponding to Spring; if Winter fails to store, Spring cannot generate, so Liver Yang diseases manifest in Winter. The Lung is Yin, corresponding to Autumn; if Summer fails to grow, Autumn cannot harvest, so Lung Yin diseases manifest in Summer. All these Yin and Yang diseases have specific onsets, constituting the "Five Onsets."

**Disorder Caused by Five Pathogenic Factors:** When pathogenic factors enter Yang, there is mania (Kuang); when they enter Yin, there is bi-syndrome (Bi); when they struggle with Yang, there is dian-jie disease (Dian Ji); when they struggle with Yin, there is aphonia (Yin); when Yang enters Yin, there is quietness; when Yin emerges to Yang, there is anger. This is called the "Five Disorders."
"Yin" is pronounced like "Yin," same as in other chapters. This lists the five disorders caused by pathogenic factors to supplement the previous text. The previous text stated Yang diseases manifest in blood (Heart) and in Winter (Liver); thus, when righteous Qi is disturbed by pathogens and enters the Yang aspects of the Heart and Liver, mania occurs. The previous text stated Yin diseases manifest in bones (Kidney), in flesh (Spleen), and in Summer (Lung); thus, when pathogens disturb righteous Qi and enter the Yin aspects of the Kidney, Spleen, and Lung, bi-syndrome occurs. Bi refers to pathogens lingering in skin, flesh, and bones, causing bi-pain. Struggling with Yang leads to dian-jie disease, supplementing the idea that pathogenic entry into Yang causes mania; there are cases where pathogens struggle with Yang leading to dian-jie. Struggling with Yin leads to aphonia, supplementing the idea that pathogenic entry into Yin causes bi-syndrome; there are cases where pathogens struggle with Yin leading to aphonia. "Struggle" refers to the contention between Yin and Yang. Struggling with Yin leads to aphonia, which is Yang entering Yin, resulting in quietness and aphonia. Struggling with Yang leads to dian-jie disease, which is Yin emerging to Yang, resulting in anger and dian-jie disease. All these involve the disturbance of Yin and Yang within the five Zang organs by pathogens, called the "Five Disorders," clarifying that the onset of five diseases is due to initial disorder or worsening after onset.

**Manifestations of Five Pathogenic Factors:** In Spring, obtaining an Autumn pulse; in Summer, obtaining a Winter pulse; in Late Summer, obtaining a Spring pulse; in Autumn, obtaining a Summer pulse; in Winter, obtaining a Late Summer pulse, is named "Yin emerging to Yang." The patient easily becomes angry and is incurable. This is called "All Five Pathogens are the Same," indicating death and incurability.
"Xian" is pronounced like "Xian" (appear). The so-called manifestations of five pathogens refer to the five Zang organs receiving pathogens, manifested in the pulses. Spring obtaining an Autumn pulse indicates Metal overcoming Wood. Summer obtaining a Winter pulse indicates Water overcoming Fire. Late Summer obtaining a Spring pulse indicates Wood overcoming Earth. Autumn obtaining a Summer pulse indicates Fire overcoming Metal. Winter obtaining a Late Summer pulse indicates Earth overcoming Water. This is named "Yin emerging to Yang," meaning pathogens invading the Yin of the five Zang organs emerge to the Yang of the meridians. The patient easily becomes angry because, in Spring, obtaining an Autumn pulse means Liver Wood is punished, hence anger. It must be treated urgently; if untreated, pathogens will interfere with the five Zang organs. This is called "All Five Pathogens are the Same," meaning the five Zang organs receiving pathogens is similar to Wood being punished by Metal. "Death and incurability" means that although the person lives, their life force is dead due to the punishment of the five Zang organs, hence incurable.

**What the Five Zang Organs Store:** The Heart stores Shen (Spirit), the Lung stores Po (Corporeal Soul), the Liver stores Hun (Ethereal Soul), the Spleen stores Yi (Intellect), and the Kidney stores Zhi (Will); this is called what the five Zang organs store.
Excluding the five Zang organs, other organs are taken literally. It refers to the Heart, Lung, Liver, Spleen, and Kidney storing Spirit, Corporeal Soul, Ethereal Soul, Intellect, and Will, respectively. This is called the five Zang organs, each having its specific storage.

**What the Five Zang Organs Govern:** The Heart governs vessels (Mai), the Lung governs skin (Pi), the Liver governs tendons (Jin), the Spleen governs flesh (Rou), and the Kidney governs bones (Gu); this is called the "Five Governs."
It refers to the Heart, Lung, Liver, Spleen, and Kidney governing vessels, skin, tendons, flesh, and bones, respectively. This is the external correspondence of the five Zang organs, hence called the "Five Governs."

**Injuries Caused by Five Types of Strain:** Prolonged viewing damages Blood, prolonged lying down damages Qi, prolonged sitting damages flesh, prolonged standing damages bones, and prolonged walking damages tendons; this is called the injuries caused by five types of strain.
Prolonged viewing, lying down, sitting, standing, and walking constitute the five strains. Strain causes injury to the five Zang organs. The Heart governs Blood; prolonged viewing damages it. The Lung governs Qi; prolonged lying down damages it. The Spleen governs flesh; prolonged sitting damages it. The Kidney governs bones; prolonged standing damages it. The Liver governs tendons; prolonged walking damages it. All these constitute the "Injuries Caused by Five Types of Strain."

**Correspondences of the Five Pulses:** The Liver pulse is Wiry (Xian), the Heart pulse is Hooked (Gou), the Spleen pulse is Interchangeable/Dai (Dai), the Lung pulse is Hairy/Feather-like (Mao), and the Kidney pulse is Stone-like (Shi); this is called the pulses of the five Zang organs.
It refers to the pulses of the Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lung, and Kidney corresponding to Wiry, Hooked, Interchangeable, Hairy, and Stone-like, which are the pulse images of the four seasons and five elements. The way of Heaven and Earth does not exceed the Five Elements, and the human body's form and viscera do not depart from Qi. This is how the Qi of the Zang organs follows the seasons to elucidate the Five Qi.