空，作孔，篇内俱同。
骨空，周身骨节之穴孔也。少阴属肾主骨，与太阳为表里。太阳主皮肤，少阴主骨髓。任冲督脉皆起
于少阴，合于太阳。任脉起于中极之下，冲脉起于气街，并少阴之经。督脉起于少腹以下，骨
中央，凡此皆起于少阴也。任冲之血，澹渗皮肤。督脉之经，行于脊背，凡此皆合于太阳也。故上节论风
伤太阳，及于任冲督脉也。少阴主骨，骨属屈伸不利，则机关废弛。机关废弛，则水气不行，故次节论膝痛
不和，及于水俞五十七穴也。少阴属肾，精髓渗灌骨空，荣于经脉，精髓不荣于骨空，则水毒乘于经脉，故末
节论髓空，而及于鼠 之寒热，并为灸刺之法也。
黄帝问曰∶余闻风者，百病之始也，以针治之奈何？
六淫之邪，风居其首，故风者百病之始，始伤太阳，勿令传变，以针治之奈何？
岐伯对曰∶风从外入，令人振寒，汗出，头痛，身重，恶寒，
治在风府，调其阴阳，不足则补，有余则泻。
恶，去声。风从外入，伤太阳通体之皮肤，故令人振寒。从皮肤而入于肌腠，故汗出。随太阳经脉上行，
故头痛。周身肌表不和，故身重。太阳之上，寒气主之，故恶寒。太阳之脉，从头下项，故治在风府。治在
风府，所以调其阴阳。经脉不足，则用灸法以补之；经脉有余，则用刺法以泻之。
大风，颈项痛，刺风府，风府在上椎。
所谓有余则泻者，如大风伤其经脉，致颈项痛，即当刺风府以泻之。申明风府在项之上椎，盖项上高
起第一椎为大椎，项上平坦第一椎为上椎。大椎至尾 共二十一节，大椎之上另有二节也。
大风汗出，灸 ， 在背下，侠脊旁三寸所，厌之，令病
者呼 ， 应手。
厌，作压。所谓不足则补者，如大风入于肌腠，则汗出，汗出表虚，故当灸 。申明 在背下，
侠脊两旁，共开三寸所，以手压之，令病者呼 ，而 之脉则应于手者是也。
从风憎风，刺眉头。
从，迎也，憎，恶也。迎风恶风，乃面额经脉不和，当刺眉头以泻之。
失枕，在肩上横骨间，折，使榆臂齐肘，正灸脊中。
折，音舌，下同。榆，作摇。齐，平也。夜卧失枕，患在肩上横骨间。伸舒不能，故如折也。折则臂不
能举，当使摇臂平肘以和之。摇臂平肘，则背中有窝，当正灸脊中，毋他求也。
络季胁，引少腹而痛胀，刺 。
肋稍曰 。 络，肋稍之络也。季胁，胁之尽处也。 络季胁，经脉不和，枢转不利，致引少腹而痛
胀。少腹者，太阳膀胱之部也，故当刺太阳之 ，通其经脉焉。
腰痛不可以转摇，急引阴卵，刺八 ，与痛上，八 在腰尻分间。
太阳经脉，挟背抵腰，主筋所生病，腰痛。不可以转摇，腰脊皆病也。急引阴卵，筋病也。八 ，上
、次 、中 、下 ，左右凡八 也。与痛上，及与腰之痛上，皆当刺也。申明八 在腰尻两分肉间。
鼠 寒热，还刺寒府，寒府在附膝外，解，荣、取膝上外者，
使之拜，取足心者，使之跪。
解，骨解也。荣，荣俞也。拜，揖也。鼠 寒热，乃肾脏水毒，循脉而上。颈项如 ，是为鼠 。身
发寒热，是为鼠 寒热。太阳膀胱寒水，为肾之腑，故还刺寒府。寒府，太阳经脉也，申明
寒府，在附膝外解荣，附膝外，膝外侧也。解，骨解，膝外侧之骨缝也。荣，荣俞，足小趾本节之通谷穴也。
如刺骨解之穴。取膝上外侧者，使之揖，揖则膝挺骨竖，而骨解可取矣。如刺荣俞之穴，取足心者，使
之脆，跪则足心宛宛，而荣俞通谷可取矣。
任脉者，起于中极之下，以上毛际，循腹里，上关元，至咽喉，上颐循面，入目。
任冲督脉，皆起于少阴，合于太阳。中极之下，乃少阴属肾络膀胱之处。故任脉者，起于中极之下，从
中极而上，则过毛际，循腹里，上关元，至咽喉，更上颐循面。入于目，循面入目，则合太阳矣。
冲脉者，起于气街，并少阴之经，侠齐上行，至胸中而散。
齐，脐通，下同。气街，乃腹气之街，脐左右动脉之处。故冲脉者，起于气街。冲脉任脉皆起于少阴。
故并少阴之经，侠脐上行，至胸中而散，散于皮肤，则合太阳矣。
任脉为病，男子内结七疝，女子带下瘕聚。冲脉为病，逆气里急。督脉为病，脊强反折。
强，去声。此论任脉波脉之病，而并及于督脉也。任脉起于中极之下，上毛际，循腹里。故任脉为病，
男子则内结七疝。七疝，狐疝、颓疝、及五脏之疝也。女子则带下瘕聚。带下，湿浊下淫
也。瘕聚、血液内瘀也。冲脉侠脐上行，至胸中而散，病则不能上行外散。故冲脉为病，逆气里急。逆气者，
气不循经。里急者，气不输布。任脉波脉，行身之前，督脉行身之背，故督脉为病，失其循行，则脊强反折。
夫胸腹为阴，脊背为阳，逆气里急，阴病不能仰也，脊强反折，阳病不能俯也。
督脉者，起于少腹以下，骨中央，女子入系廷孔。其孔，溺孔之端也，其络循阴器，合篡间，
绕篡后，别绕臀，至少阴与巨阳中络者合。少阴上股内后廉，贯脊属肾，与太阳起于目内 ，上额交
巅，上入络脑，还出别下项，循肩 内，挟背抵腰中，入循膂，络
肾，其男子循茎，下至篡与女子等。
溺，鸟去声，下同。督脉亦起于少阴，故督脉者，起于少腹以下，乃曲骨中央。女子则入系廷孔，申
明其孔乃溺孔之端，其络脉由阴而阳，从下而上。故其络循阴器，合前后二阴之篡间，复绕篡
后，又别绕臀，至少阴与巨阳中络者相合。夫少阴巨阳中络，乃少阴上股内之后廉，贯脊属肾者是也。督
脉由少阴而上，合于太阳。故与太阳之起于目内 ，上额交巅，上入络脑，还出别下项，循肩
内，挟脊抵腰中，入循膂，络肾者，相合而偕行也。女子入系廷孔之溺孔，其男子则循茎下至篡，与女子
之廷孔溺孔相等，所以申明任冲督三脉，皆起于少阴而合于太阳也。
其少腹直上者，贯齐中央，上贯心，入喉，上颐，环唇，上系
两目之下中央，此生病从少腹上冲心而痛，不得前后，为冲疝，其
女子不孕，癃痔遗溺，嗌干。
此复申明任脉之为病也。其少腹直上者，即任脉上毛际，循腹里直上也。贯脐中央，上贯心，入喉，即任
脉循腹里，上至咽喉也。上颐环唇，上系两目之下中央，即任脉上颐循面入目也。任脉从少腹，上贯心，故此
生病，从少腹上冲心而痛。上文任脉为病，男子内结七疝，女子带下瘕聚，故男子不得前后为冲疝。谓不但疝
病于内，而且不得前后。不但疝结于内，而且上冲也。其女子不孕，谓女子带淫于下，瘕聚于内，不能孕也。
又曰∶癃痔遗溺者，申明不得前后，乃癃痔之病，癃与遗溺，不得前矣，痔则不得后矣。任脉上至咽喉，故
嗌干，所以复举任脉，而申明任脉之病者如此。
督脉生病，治督脉治在骨上，甚者在齐下营。
此复申明督脉之为病也。上文督脉为病，脊强反折，脊骨者，督脉之所循。故督脉生病，即治督脉，治
督脉，治其脊骨也，故曰治在骨上。若病甚者，在脐下营。脐下营乃少腹以下骨中央，督脉
所起之部也。所以复举督脉生病而为治法者如此。
其上气有音者，治其喉中央。在缺盆中者，其病上冲喉者，治其渐，渐者，上侠颐也。
此复申明冲脉之为病也，上文冲脉为病，逆气里急，故此言其上气有音者，不能从胸而上，故当治其喉
中央。喉中央者，缺盆之中，故曰在缺盆中者，此逆气里急，不能从胸而上出于喉也。治其渐者，使从喉
上面，故曰渐者，上侠颐也。灵枢五音五味篇云∶冲脉任脉皆起于胞中，其浮而外者会于咽喉，别而络唇口，
是冲脉不但至胸中而散，亦上颐循面，故复举冲脉之病以明之。此一节，言
太阳寒府之气，合于少阴，任冲督三脉，皆起于少阴而合于太阳也。
蹇膝，伸不屈，治其楗。
蹇，难也。蹇膝，膝难进也。膝蹇故伸不能屈。楗，犹枢也。
下文云∶辅骨上横骨下为楗，治其楗而膝能伸屈矣。
坐而膝痛治其机。
机，机关也。坐而膝痛，则机关不和。下文云∶侠髋为机，治其机而膝痛可愈矣。
立而暑解，治其骸关。
暑，热也。解，膝骨缝也。立而暑解，立则骨缝如暑热也。骸
关，即膝解也。下文云∶膝解为骸关，治其骸关，而暑解可愈矣。
膝病，痛及拇指，治其 。
拇指，足大趾也。膝痛，痛及拇指，经脉相应也。 ，腿曲处也。下文云∶骸下为辅，辅上为 ，
治其 而拇指膝痛可愈矣。
坐而膝痛，如物隐者，治其关。
隐，犹藏也。膝痛如物隐者，痛而高肿，如物内藏也。关，关
节也。下文云∶ 上为关，治其关而痛如物隐可愈矣。
膝痛，不可屈伸，治其背内。
膝痛而筋不柔和，故脊背不可屈伸，太阳主筋所生病，故当其背内，而屈伸自如矣。
连 若折，治阳明中俞 。
折，音舌、 ，足骨也。 ，骨穴也。膝痛连 ，其痛若折，当治阳明之中俞 。中俞，足阳明俞穴
也。五俞之穴，前有井荣，后有经合，俞居中，故曰中俞 ，足中指间陷谷穴也。治阳明中俞 ，
而连 若折可愈矣。
若别，治巨阳少阴荣。
承上文而言，膝痛连 若别。别，离也。若 膝之不相属也。当治巨阳少阴之荣穴。巨阳之荣，足小
指后通谷穴也，少阴之荣，足心后然谷穴也。治其荣，而连 若别可愈矣。
淫泺胫 ，不能久立，治少阳之维，在外上五寸。
泺，音洛。淫，极也。泺，寒也。维，络也。淫泺胫 ，极寒
而胫骨 削也。胫 ，则不能久立，少阳主骨所生病，故治少阳之
维，在外踝上五寸。经脉论云∶少阳之别，名曰光明，去踝五寸，
坐不能起，取之所别者此也。
辅骨上，横骨下，为楗。
上文云∶蹇膝伸不屈，治其楗。所谓楗者，辅骨上，横骨下，
为楗，股胫皆有辅骨，乃大骨之旁骨，此辅骨，股内旁骨也。横骨，脐下少腹两旁之骨也。
侠髋，为机。
上文云∶坐而膝痛，治其机，所谓机者，侠髋为机。侠，并也，髋，臀上两旁侧骨也。
膝解，为骸关，侠膝之骨为连骸。
上文云∶立而暑解，治其骸关，所谓骸关者，膝后分解之处，
为骸关。夫膝解为骸关，则侠膝之前骨，为连骸。所以申明膝后解处为关，而膝骨则为骸也。
骸骨下为辅，辅上为 。
上文云∶膝痛，痛及拇指，治其 。所谓 者，骸下为辅，辅
上为 。骸下，即骸关之下。辅上，胫辅骨之上也。
上为关。
上文云∶膝痛如物隐者，治其关。所谓关者， 上为关，腿曲处之上也。
头横骨为枕。
上文云∶膝痛不可屈伸，治其背内。脊背上通枕骨，故不释背
内，而释头横骨为枕。知头横骨为枕，则知脊直骨为背矣。
水俞五十七穴者，尻上五行行五，伏兔上两行行五，左右各二
行行五，踝上各一行行六穴。
行，音杭，旧本讹左右各一行，今改二行。此举水俞五十七穴，以明水俞之本于肾也。水热穴论云∶
尻上五行行五者，此肾俞也。伏兔上各二行行五者，此肾之街也。踝上各一行行六者，此肾脉之
下行也。夫尻上五行行五，则五五二十五俞，其俞在背。伏兔上两行行五，乃左右各二行行五，则四五二十
俞，其俞在 。踝上各一行行六穴，则左右十二俞，其俞在足，是水俞五十七穴，而本于肾也。此一节言
膝骨乃机关之会，机关不利而痛，则水气不行，故水
俞五十七穴，皆附于骨空也。
髓空，在脑后三分，在颅际锐骨之下，一在龈基下，一在项后
中复骨下，一在脊骨，上空，在风府上，脊骨下空。在尻骨下空。
此言髓空有在头上下者，有在脊上下者，髓藏骨空，故曰髓空。脑为髓海，故髓空在脑后三分，申明
脑后三分在悬颅穴之际，悬颅在头两旁锐骨之下。锐骨，尖骨也。从头而下，一在龈基下，
龈基，齿根也。齿根之下，骨空处也，此髓空在头上下也。从龈基而下，一在项后中复骨下，脊椎之骨，名
曰复骨，复骨在项后之中，从上而下，故曰复骨下也。从大椎之骨而计其上，一在脊骨上空，申明脊骨上空
在风府上者是也。有脊骨上空者是也。此髓空在脊上下也。
数髓空，在面侠鼻。
面之左右，鼻之上下，髓空不一，故曰数髓空，在面而侠于鼻也。
或骨空在口下，当两肩。
从面鼻而下于口，从口而下于肩，皆有骨空。故曰或骨空在口下，当两肩也。
两 骨空，在 中之阳。
从肩至两 之骨空，则在两 中之阳。阳，外侧也。
臂骨空，在臂阳，去踝四寸，两骨空之间。
骨空，在 中之阳，则臂骨空，亦在臂阳，申明臂阳去手踝四寸，穴名三阳络，在两骨空缝之间者是也。
股骨上空，在股阳，出上膝四寸。
从臂反股，则股骨上空亦在股阳。申明股阳出外，上膝四寸，穴名伏兔者是也。
骨空，在辅骨之上端。
从股至 ，则 骨空，在辅骨之上端。辅骨，小腿大骨之旁骨也，上端，近膝处也。
股际骨空，在毛中动下。
"Kong," interpreted as "Kong" (hole), is used consistently throughout the chapter.
Bone Kong refers to the apertures between the joints of the entire body. The Shaoyin (Kidney) channel belongs to the Kidney and governs the bones, forming an exterior-interior relationship with the Taiyang (Bladder) channel. The Taiyang channel governs the skin, while the Shaoyin channel governs the bone marrow. The Ren (Conception Vessel), Chong (Penetrating Vessel), and Du (Governing Vessel) all originate from the Shaoyin and converge with the Taiyang. The Ren vessel originates below the Zhongji point; the Chong vessel originates at the Qichuan point, running parallel to the Shaoyin channel. The Du vessel originates below the lower abdomen, in the central part of the bone. All these originate from the Shaoyin. The blood of the Ren and Chong vessels seeps into the skin, while the Du vessel runs along the spine and back, all converging with the Taiyang. Therefore, the previous section discusses wind pathogenic factors injuring the Taiyang and affecting the Ren, Chong, and Du vessels. The Shaoyin governs the bones; if the bones are stiff and difficult to flex or extend, the joint mechanisms become flaccid. If the joint mechanisms are flaccid, water qi fails to circulate. Thus, the next section discusses knee pain and disharmony, extending to the fifty-seven Shu points for water. The Shaoyin belongs to the Kidney; essence and marrow seep into the bone Kong, nourishing the channels. If essence and marrow fail to nourish the bone Kong, water toxins invade the channels. Therefore, the final section discusses the marrow Kong, extending to the cold-heat symptoms of shuluo (scrofula), and describes moxibustion and acupuncture methods.
The Yellow Emperor asked: I have heard that wind is the beginning of all diseases. How should it be treated with needles?
Among the six excess pathogens, wind takes precedence; thus, wind is the beginning of all diseases. It initially injures the Taiyang channel. One must prevent its transmission. How should it be treated with needles?
Boshi replied: When wind enters from the exterior, it causes chills, sweating, headache, heaviness of the body, and aversion to cold.
Treatment involves the Fengfu point (DU16), regulating Yin and Yang. If deficiency, tonify; if excess, sedate.
Aversion to cold is pronounced here. Wind entering from the exterior injures the skin of the entire Taiyang channel, causing chills. Entering from the skin into the muscle clefts causes sweating. Ascending along the Taiyang channel causes headache. Disharmony of the body's surface causes heaviness. Cold qi dominates the upper Taiyang, causing aversion to cold. The Taiyang channel descends from the head to the nape. Therefore, treatment targets the Fengfu point. Treating the Fengfu point regulates Yin and Yang. If the channels are deficient, use moxibustion to tonify; if the channels are in excess, use needling to sedate.
In cases of severe wind with neck and nape pain, needle the Fengfu point, which is located at the upper vertebra.
"Sedation for excess" means that if severe wind injures the channels, causing neck and nape pain, one should needle the Fengfu point to sedate. This clarifies that the Fengfu point is at the upper vertebra of the nape. The first prominent vertebra of the nape is the Dazhui point (DU14); the first flat vertebra above it is the upper vertebra. From Dazhui to the coccyx, there are twenty-one segments; there are two additional segments above Dazhui.
In cases of severe wind with sweating, moxa the acupoint on the back. This point is located three cun lateral to the spine, below the back. Press the point, and have the patient call out the name of the point; the pulse response should be felt under the hand.
"Ya" means press. "Tonification for deficiency" means that if severe wind enters the muscle clefts, causing sweating, and sweating leads to exterior deficiency, one should moxa this point. This clarifies that the point is below the back, three cun lateral to the spine on both sides. Pressing with the hand and having the patient call out the name of the point allows the pulse of the point to respond under the hand, confirming correct location.
For aversion to wind triggered by facing wind, needle the eyebrow tip.
"Cong" means to face; "zeng" means to dislike. Disliking wind when facing it indicates disharmony of the meridians in the forehead and face. One should needle the eyebrow tip to sedate.
For stiff neck (shi zhen), the pathology is located between the transverse bones of the shoulder. The arm feels stiff as if broken. Have the patient swing the arms so that the elbows are level, and apply moxibustion directly to the middle of the spine.
"Zhe" is pronounced like "she." "Yu" means to shake. "Qi" means level. Stiff neck from sleeping on a bad pillow involves pathology between the transverse bones of the shoulder. Inability to extend smoothly feels like a break. If broken, the arm cannot be raised. One should have the patient swing the arms and level the elbows to harmonize. Swinging the arms and leveling the elbows creates a depression in the back; apply moxibustion directly to the midline of the spine without seeking other points.
If the Luo collateral at the costal margin is tense, pulling the lower abdomen causing pain and distension, needle the Jingmen point (GB25).
"The slightly protruding rib is called Liao. Liao Luo refers to the collateral at the costal margin. The Ji Xie (costal margin) is the end of the ribs. Tension in the Liao Luo at the Ji Xie indicates disharmony of the channels and poor pivot function, pulling the lower abdomen causing pain and distension. The lower abdomen is the region of the Taiyang Bladder channel. Therefore, one should needle the Taiyang Jingmen point to unblock the channels.
For low back pain with inability to turn or sway, and urgent牵引 (pulling) of the testicles, needle the Ba Liao (Eight Hui) points. Treat the painful area or the waist; the Ba Liao points are located in the clefts between the lumbar and sacral bones.
The Taiyang channel runs alongside the back to the waist and governs diseases of the tendons, manifesting as low back pain. Inability to turn or sway indicates disease in both the waist and spine. Urgent pulling of the testicles indicates tendon disease. The Ba Liao points include Shangliao (BL31), Ciliao (BL32), Zhongliao (BL33), and Xialiao (BL34), eight points in total (four on each side). Treatment applies to the painful area and the waist. The Ba Liao points are located in the fleshy intervals between the lumbar and sacrum.
For shuluo with cold and heat, also needle the Hanfu (Cold House). Hanfu is located at the outer aspect of the knee. To locate points at the outer upper knee, have the patient bow (yi). To locate points at the sole of the foot, have the patient kneel.
"Jie" means bone junction. "Rong" refers to the Ying-Spring point. "Bai" means to bow. Shuluo cold-heat results from Kidney water toxins ascending along the channels. A lump in the neck is called shuluo. Body chills and fever constitute shuluo cold-heat. The Taiyang Bladder (cold water) is the Fu organ of the Kidney; thus, one should needle the Hanfu. Hanfu refers to the Taiyang channel. Specifically, Hanfu is at the bone junction and Ying point on the outer knee. The outer knee is the bone junction (fissure). The Ying point is Tonggu (BL65) at the base of the fifth toe. To needle the bone junction point, have the patient bow; this extends the knee and makes the bone junction palpable. To needle the Ying point, have the patient kneel; this makes the hollow of the sole visible, locating Tonggu.
The Ren vessel originates below the Zhongji point, ascends to the pubic hairline, follows the interior of the abdomen, ascends to the Guanyuan point, reaches the throat, goes up to the chin, follows the face, and enters the inner canthus of the eye.
The Ren, Chong, and Du vessels all originate from the Shaoyin and converge with the Taiyang. Below Zhongji is where the Shaoyin connects to the Kidney and Bladder. Thus, the Ren vessel originates below Zhongji, passes the pubic hairline, follows the abdominal interior, ascends to Guanyuan, reaches the throat, goes up to the chin, follows the face, and enters the inner canthus. Following the face to the inner canthus converges with the Taiyang.
The Chong vessel originates at the Qichuan point, runs parallel to the Shaoyin channel, ascends alongside the umbilicus, and disperses in the chest.
"Qi" is synonymous with Umbilicus. Qichuan is the street of abdominal Qi, the site of pulsation lateral to the umbilicus. Thus, the Chong vessel originates at Qichuan. Both Chong and Ren vessels originate from the Shaoyin. Thus, they run parallel to the Shaoyin channel, ascend alongside the umbilicus, disperse in the chest, and spread into the skin, converging with the Taiyang.
Diseases of the Ren vessel: In men, internal accumulation of seven types of hernia; in women, leukorrhea and mass accumulation. Diseases of the Chong vessel: rebellious Qi and interior tension. Diseases of the Du vessel: spinal rigidity and opisthotonos.
"Qiang" is pronounced with the departing tone. This discusses diseases of the Ren and Chong vessels, extending to the Du vessel. The Ren vessel originates below Zhongji, ascends to the pubic hairline, and follows the abdominal interior. Thus, Ren vessel disease in men causes internal accumulation of seven hernias (Hu hernia, Tui hernia, and five Zang hernias). In women, it causes leukorrhea (damp-turbidity descending) and Jia Ju (blood stasis internally). The Chong vessel ascends alongside the umbilicus and disperses in the chest; disease prevents upward ascent and dispersion. Thus, Chong vessel disease causes rebellious Qi (Qi not following the channels) and interior tension (Qi failing to distribute). The Ren and Chong vessels run along the anterior body; the Du vessel runs along the posterior body. Thus, Du vessel disease, losing its normal course, causes spinal rigidity and opisthotonos.
The chest and abdomen are Yin; the spine and back are Yang. Rebellious Qi and interior tension are Yin diseases preventing supination; spinal rigidity and opisthotonos are Yang diseases preventing pronation.
The Du vessel originates below the lower abdomen, in the central bone. In women, it enters and connects to the Ting Kong. This opening is the terminal end of the urethra. Its collateral runs along the genitalia, converges at the perineum (Cuan), winds around the posterior perineum, separately winds around the buttocks, and merges with the Middle Collateral of the Shaoyin and Juyang (Taiyang) channels. The Shaoyin ascends along the medial posterior thigh, pierces the spine, and connects to the Kidney. Together with the Taiyang, it originates at the inner canthus, ascends to the forehead, crosses the vertex, enters the brain, emerges, descends to the nape, follows the medial shoulder, runs alongside the spine to the waist, enters the erector spinae muscles, and connects to the Kidney. In men, it follows the penis down to the perineum, equal to the women's Ting Kong.
"Niao" is pronounced like "niao." The Du vessel also originates from the Shaoyin, specifically below the lower abdomen at the Qu Gu center. In women, it connects to the Ting Kong, which is the terminal end of the urethra. Its collateral moves from Yin to Yang, ascending from below. It runs along the genitalia, converges at the perineum (between anterior and posterior orifices), winds around the posterior perineum, and separately winds around the buttocks, merging with the Middle Collateral of the Shaoyin and Juyang. The Middle Collateral of Shaoyin and Juyang ascends along the medial posterior thigh, pierces the spine, and connects to the Kidney. The Du vessel ascends from the Shaoyin and converges with the Taiyang. Thus, it merges and travels together with the Taiyang, which originates at the inner canthus, ascends to the forehead, crosses the vertex, enters the brain, emerges, descends to the nape, follows the medial shoulder, runs alongside the spine to the waist, enters the erector spinae, and connects to the Kidney. In women, it connects to the Ting Kong (urethra); in men, it follows the penis to the perineum, equal to the female Ting Kong. This clarifies that the Ren, Chong, and Du vessels all originate from the Shaoyin and converge with the Taiyang.
The branch rising straight from the lower abdomen passes through the umbilicus, ascends through the Heart, enters the throat, goes up to the chin, circles the lips, and ascends to the center below the eyes. Disease here manifests as Qi rushing from the lower abdomen to the Heart causing pain, inability to pass urine or stool, termed Chong Hernia. In women, it causes infertility, strangury, hemorrhoids, urinary incontinence, and dryness of the pharynx.
This reiterates diseases of the Ren vessel. The branch rising from the lower abdomen is the Ren vessel passing the pubic hairline and ascending straight along the abdomen. Passing the umbilicus, ascending through the Heart, and entering the throat corresponds to the Ren vessel ascending to the throat. Going up to the chin, circling the lips, and ascending to the center below the eyes corresponds to the Ren vessel following the face to the inner canthus. Since the Ren vessel ascends from the lower abdomen through the Heart, disease manifests as Qi rushing from the lower abdomen to the Heart causing pain. Previously, Ren vessel disease in men caused seven hernias and in women leukorrhea and masses. Thus, men experience inability to pass urine or stool, termed Chong Hernia, meaning not only internal hernia but also blockage of both ends, and upward rushing. Women suffer infertility due to downward damp-turbidity and internal masses. Strangury and urinary incontinence indicate inability to pass urine; hemorrhoids indicate inability to pass stool. The Ren vessel ascends to the throat, causing dryness. This reiterates Ren vessel diseases.
Diseases of the Du vessel are treated by targeting the Du vessel on the vertebral column. In severe cases, treat the Ying chamber below the umbilicus.
This reiterates diseases of the Du vessel. Previously, Du vessel disease manifested as spinal rigidity and opisthotonos. The spine is the pathway of the Du vessel. Thus, treating Du vessel disease means treating the spine ("on the bone"). In severe cases, treat the Ying chamber below the umbilicus, which is the central bone of the lower abdomen, the origin of the Du vessel. This explains the treatment for Du vessel diseases.
For dyspnea with audible sounds, treat the center of the throat at the Supraclavicular Fossa (Quepen). For disease with Qi rushing up the throat, treat the Jian ear point. Jian ear is located bilateral to the chin.
This reiterates diseases of the Chong vessel. Previously, Chong vessel disease caused rebellious Qi and interior tension. Here, audible dyspnea indicates Qi failing to ascend from the chest. Thus, treat the center of the throat, which is the Quepen. This rebellious Qi fails to ascend from the chest to the throat. Treating the Jian ear point allows Qi to exit from the throat upwards. Jian ear is located bilateral to the chin. The *Ling Shu: Wu Yin Wu Wei* chapter states: The Chong and Ren vessels originate in the Bao Zhong. Their floating and external branches meet at the throat and separate to connect to the lips and mouth. This shows the Chong vessel not only disperses in the chest but also ascends to the chin and follows the face. This reiterates Chong vessel diseases to clarify this. This section explains that the Cold Water Qi of the Taiyang converges with the Shaoyin, and the Ren, Chong, and Du vessels all originate from the Shaoyin and converge with the Taiyang.
For stiff knees unable to extend or flex, treat the Jian point.
"Jian" means difficult. Stiff knee implies difficulty in movement. The knee is stiff, unable to flex when extended. "Jian" is like a pivot.
The text below states: Above the Fu bone and below the Heng bone is the Jian. Treating the Jian restores knee flexion and extension.
For knee pain while sitting, treat the Ji point.
"Ji" means mechanism. Knee pain while sitting indicates disharmony of the mechanism. The text below states: Beside the hip is the Ji. Treating the Ji cures knee pain.
For knee joint heat when standing, treat the Hai Guan point.
"Shu" means heat. "Jie" means knee bone fissure. Standing causes heat in the knee fissure. Hai Guan is the knee Jie. The text below states: The knee Jie is the Hai Guan. Treating the Hai Guan cures the heat.
For knee pain radiating to the big toe, treat the point in the popliteal fossa.
The big toe is the first digit of the foot. Knee pain radiating to the big toe indicates corresponding meridians. "Nao" is the curve of the leg. The text below states: Below the Hai is the Fu; above the Fu is the Nao. Treating the Nao cures knee and big toe pain.
For knee pain while sitting, feeling as if a foreign object is hidden, treat the Guan point.
"Yin" means hidden. Knee pain feeling like a hidden object indicates swelling as if something is concealed. "Guan" means joint. The text below states: Above the Nao is the Guan. Treating the Guan cures the sensation of a hidden object.
For knee pain with inability to flex or extend, treat the interior of the back.
Stiff knee tendons cause inability to flex or extend the spine. The Taiyang governs tendon diseases. Thus, treat the interior of the back to restore flexibility.
If pain extends to the tibia and feels like a fracture, treat the Zhong Shu point of the Yangming channel, Xangu (ST41).
"Zhe" is pronounced "she." "Heng" is the tibia. "Nao" is a bone point. Knee pain extending to the tibia feels like a fracture. Treat the Yangming Zhong Shu point, Xangu. Zhong Shu is the Shu point of the Foot-Yangming. Among the Five Shu points, Jing and Ying are proximal, Jing and He are distal, and Shu is in the middle. Thus, Xangu, located in the depression between the second and third toes, is the Zhong Shu point. Treating Xangu cures the fracture-like pain.
If the connection feels severed, treat the Ying points of the Juyang (Taiyang) and Shaoyin.
Continuing from above, knee pain extending to the tibia feels like separation. "Bie" means separation. If the knee and tibia feel disconnected, treat the Ying points of the Juyang and Shaoyin. The Juyang Ying point is Tonggu (BL65) behind the fifth toe. The Shaoyin Ying point is RanGu (KI2) behind the sole. Treating these Ying points cures the separation sensation.
For extreme cold and wasting of the calves, unable to stand long, treat the Wei point of the Shaoyang, located five cun above the lateral malleolus.
"Luo" is pronounced "luo." "Yin" means extreme. "Luo" means cold. "Wei" means collateral. Extreme cold causes calf wasting. Calf wasting prevents prolonged standing. The Shaoyang governs bone diseases. Thus, treat the Shaoyang Wei point, five cun above the lateral malleolus. The *Jing Mai Lun* states: The divergent branch of Shaoyang is named Guang Ming, five cun from the ankle. Difficulty sitting and rising is treated by selecting this divergent branch.
Above the Fu bone and below the Heng bone is the Jian point.
Previously stated: Stiff knee, treat the Jian. The Jian is above the Fu bone and below the Heng bone. Both thigh and shin have Fu bones, which are accessory bones beside the major bones. This Fu bone is the accessory bone of the femur. The Heng bone is the bone on both sides of the lower abdomen below the umbilicus.
Beside the hip is the Ji point.
Previously stated: Knee pain while sitting, treat the Ji. The Ji is beside the hip. "Xia" means alongside. "Kuan" is the lateral bone of the upper buttock.
The knee joint fissure is the Hai Guan. The bone adjacent to the front of the knee is the Lian Hai.
Previously stated: Heat in knee fissure when standing, treat the Hai Guan. The Hai Guan is the posterior knee fissure. Since the posterior knee fissure is the Hai Guan, the bone adjacent to the front of the knee is the Lian Hai. This clarifies the posterior fissure as the Guan and the knee bone as the Hai.
Below the Hai bone is the Fu bone; above the Fu bone is the Nao (popliteal fossa).
Previously stated: Knee pain to big toe, treat the Nao. The Nao is below the Hai (Fu bone below Hai Guan) and above the Fu (above the tibial Fu bone).
Above the Nao is the Guan point.
Previously stated: Knee pain feeling like a hidden object, treat the Guan. The Guan is above the Nao, at the upper part of the leg curve.
The transverse bone of the head is the Occiput.
Previously stated: Knee pain unable to flex/extend, treat the interior back. The spine connects to the Occiput. Thus, instead of explaining the back interior, it explains the head transverse bone as the Occiput. Knowing the head transverse bone is the Occiput allows one to know the straight spine is the Back.
The fifty-seven Shu points for water are located in five rows of five points above the sacrum, two rows of five points above the Futu, two rows of five points on each side (total four rows), and one row of six points above each ankle.
"Hang" is pronounced "hang." Old editions erroneously wrote "one row on each side"; corrected to "two rows." This lists the fifty-seven water Shu points to show their root in the Kidney. The *Shui Re Xue Lun* states: Five rows of five above the sacrum are the Kidney Shu points. Two rows of five above Futu are the Street of the Kidney. One row of six above each ankle is the descending Kidney channel. Five rows of five above the sacrum make twenty-five Shu points on the back. Two rows of five above Futu (four rows total) make twenty Shu points on the calf. One row of six above each ankle makes twelve Shu points on the feet. These fifty-seven water Shu points originate from the Kidney. This section explains that the knee bone is the convergence of joint mechanisms. If mechanisms are impaired causing pain, water qi fails to circulate. Thus, the fifty-seven water Shu points are attached to the Bone Kong.
Marrow Kong points: One is three fen behind the head, below the sharp bone of the skull. One is below the gingival base. One is below the double bone at the back of the neck. One is in the empty space of the spinal bone, above the Fengfu point. One is in the empty space below the spinal bone. One is in the empty space below the sacral bone.
This describes Marrow Kong points in the head and spine. Marrow resides in bone Kong, hence "Marrow Kong." The Brain is the Sea of Marrow. The Marrow Kong is three fen behind the head, corresponding to the Xuanlu point area, below the sharp bone on the sides of the head. "Sharp bone" means pointed bone. Descending from the head, one is below the gingival base. "Yin Ji" is the tooth root. The bone Kong below the tooth root is a Marrow Kong in the head. Descending from the Yin Ji, one is below the double bone at the back of the neck. The vertebral bone in the center of the nape is called the Double Bone. Descending from the Dazhui bone, one is in the empty space of the spinal bone above the Fengfu point. This confirms the Marrow Kong in the spine.
Multiple Marrow Kong points are located on the face, flanking the nose.
There are various Marrow Kong points on the left and right of the face and above and below the nose. Hence, "Multiple Marrow Kong points flank the nose."
Some bone Kong points are below the mouth, opposite the shoulders.
From the nose to the mouth, and from the mouth to the shoulders, there are bone Kong points. Hence, some bone Kong points are below the mouth, opposite the shoulders.
The bone Kong of the two scapulae is located on the Yang (lateral) side within the scapulae.
From the shoulder to the bone Kong of the scapulae, it is on the Yang (lateral) side within the scapulae.
The bone Kong of the arm is on the Yang side of the arm, four cun from the wrist, between the two bones.
Since the bone Kong is on the Yang side of the scapula, the arm bone Kong is also on the Yang side of the arm. Four cun from the wrist, the point is San Yang Luo, located between the two bones.
The empty space of the femur is on the Yang side of the thigh, four cun above the knee laterally.
Reversing from arm to thigh, the femur empty space is on the Yang side of the thigh. Laterally, four cun above the knee, the point is Futu.
The bone Kong of the tibia is at the upper end of the Fu bone.
From thigh to tibia, the tibia bone Kong is at the upper end of the Fu bone. The Fu bone is the accessory bone beside the large bone of the lower leg; the upper end is near the knee.
The bone Kong of the thigh root is in the pubic hair, below the pulsating artery.