凡治伤寒，若见头痛，恶寒发热，腰项脊强，脉浮者，即是表证，不拘日数多
少，便用解表药无疑。
凡治伤寒，若见耳聋，胁痛寒热，呕而口苦，脉见弦数者，即是半表半里证，不拘日数多少，
便用和解药无疑。
凡治伤寒，若头疼恶寒悉除，及见怕热，燥渴谵语，揭去衣被，扬手掷足，发狂斑黄，或潮热
自汗，大便不通，小水短赤，或胸中连脐腹注闷疼痛，脉沉有力，或上气喘促，即是传里热证，不
拘日数多少，便用通利下药无疑。
凡治伤寒，若见初病起无头疼，无身热，就便怕寒，四肢厥冷，或腹痛吐泻，或口吐白沫，或
流冷涎，或战栗，面如刀刮，引衣蜷卧，不渴，脉来沉迟无力，即是直中阴经真寒证，急用热药温
之无疑。要在随所见证表里而治之，切莫乱投汤剂，不可拘于日数。若非深得仲景之意，岂能至此
耶？
凡伤寒，邪热自三阳传至三阴脏腑，入里为尽，无所复传，故言无传经也。如
再传者，足传手经也。
翕翕发热为表热，是风寒客于皮肤，怫郁于外，表热而里不热也。无汗，脉浮紧，宜发表；有
汗，脉浮缓，宜解肌。蒸蒸发热者，为里热，是阳邪入陷于阴中，里热而表不热也。脉沉实而渴者，
宜下之。若表热未罢，邪气传里，里未作实，则表里俱热，脉必弦数，宜和解。少阴脉沉，反发热
者，是未离于表也，麻黄附子细辛汤。如发热烦渴，小便赤，脉浮大者，此为表里俱见，五苓散利
之。其阴阳俱虚，热不止者，汗下后复大热，脉躁乱者，下利热不止者，皆死也。
凡是治疗伤寒，如果见到头痛、恶寒发热、腰背项部僵硬强直、脉象浮的，这就是表证，不论患病天数多少，都应当使用解表药，这是毫无疑问的。
凡是治疗伤寒，如果见到耳聋、胁肋疼痛、忽冷忽热、呕吐且口苦、脉象弦而数的，这就是半表半里证，不论患病天数多少，都应当使用和解药，这是毫无疑问的。
凡是治疗伤寒，如果头痛和恶寒完全消失，并且出现怕热、烦躁口渴、胡言乱语、掀开衣服被子、挥手踢脚、发狂、身上出现斑疹发黄，或者定时发热伴自汗、大便不通畅、小便短少色赤，或者胸中至脐腹部胀闷疼痛、脉象沉而有力，或者上气喘促，这就是传入里的热证，不论患病天数多少，都应当使用通利攻下的药物，这是毫无疑问的。
凡是治疗伤寒，如果初起就没有头痛、没有身体发热，反而怕冷、四肢冰冷，或者腹痛吐泻，或者口中吐出白沫，或者流出清冷的涎液，或者战栗发抖、面色像被刀刮过一样苍白、拉着衣物蜷缩而卧、不觉得口渴、脉象沉迟无力，这就是邪气直接中于阴经的真寒证，必须紧急使用热性药物来温补，这是毫无疑问的。关键在于根据所见证候的表里属性进行治疗，千万不要胡乱投用汤剂，也不可拘泥于患病的天数。如果不是深得张仲景的心意，怎么能达到这种境界呢？
大凡伤寒，邪热从三阳经传入三阴脏腑，进入体内即为尽头，不再继续传变，所以说没有“传经”的情况。如果是再次传变，那是足经传入手经。
翕翕（如羽毛覆盖般温和）发热属于表热，是风寒之邪客居皮肤，郁结于体表，表现为表热而里不热。如果没有汗出、脉象浮紧，适宜用发表法；如果有汗出、脉象浮缓，适宜用解肌法。蒸蒸发热（如热气蒸腾）属于里热，是阳热之邪陷入阴分，表现为里热而表不热。脉象沉实且口渴的，适宜用攻下法。如果表热尚未解除，邪气传入里部，但里部尚未形成实证，则表里俱热，脉象必然弦数，适宜用和解法。少阴病脉象本应沉，如果反而发热，说明病邪未离开体表，可用麻黄附子细辛汤。如果出现发热、烦躁口渴、小便色赤、脉象浮大的，这是表里症状同时出现，可用五苓散利水渗湿。如果是阴阳两虚，热势不止的，或者是发汗、攻下之后又出现大热、脉象躁动紊乱的，或者是下利伴有热势不止的，这些都是死证。
In the treatment of Shanghan (Cold Damage), if headache, aversion to cold and fever, stiffness and rigidity of the waist, neck, and spine, and a floating pulse are observed, this is a Exterior Syndrome. Regardless of the number of days since onset, the use of exterior-releasing herbs is undoubtedly indicated.
In the treatment of Shanghan, if deafness, hypochondriac pain, alternating chills and fever, vomiting with a bitter taste in the mouth, and a wiry and rapid pulse are observed, this is a Half-Exterior Half-Interior Syndrome. Regardless of the number of days since onset, the use of harmonizing herbs is undoubtedly indicated.
In the treatment of Shanghan, if headache and aversion to cold have completely subsided, and symptoms such as fear of heat, dry thirst, delirium, throwing off clothes and bedding, waving hands and kicking feet, mania, macules and jaundice, tidal fever with spontaneous sweating, constipation, scanty and dark urine, or distending and painful fullness from the chest through the umbilicus to the abdomen, along with a deep and forceful pulse, or panting and shortness of breath, are observed, this is a Heat Syndrome transmitted to the Interior. Regardless of the number of days since onset, the use of purgative and draining herbs is undoubtedly indicated.
In the treatment of Shanghan, if upon initial onset there is no headache, no body heat, but rather aversion to cold, cold limbs, abdominal pain with vomiting and diarrhea, foaming at the mouth, flow of cold saliva, shivering, a face pale as if scraped by a knife, curling up while pulling clothes close, absence of thirst, and a deep, slow, and deficient pulse, this is a True Cold Syndrome directly affecting the Yin Meridians. The urgent use of warming herbs is undoubtedly indicated. One must treat according to the exterior or interior nature of the manifested syndrome; do not indiscriminately administer decoctions, nor be constrained by the number of days. Unless one deeply understands the intent of Zhang Zhongjing, how could one reach this level?
Generally speaking, in Shanghan, pathogenic heat transmits from the Three Yang meridians to the Zang-Fu organs of the Three Yin, entering the interior marks the end of transmission, with no further transmission occurring; hence it is said that there is "no meridian transmission." If transmission occurs again, it refers to the Foot meridians transmitting to the Hand meridians.
"Xi Xi" (gentle/warm) fever indicates Exterior Heat, where wind-cold pathogens reside in the skin and are constrained externally, resulting in exterior heat without interior heat. In cases with no sweating and a floating-tight pulse, exterior-releasing methods are appropriate; in cases with sweating and a floating-slow pulse, muscle-relaxing methods are appropriate. "Zheng Zheng" (steaming) fever indicates Interior Heat, where yang pathogens sink into the yin, resulting in interior heat without exterior heat. In cases with a deep-solid pulse and thirst, purgation is appropriate. If exterior heat has not yet resolved and the pathogen transmits to the interior, but the interior has not yet formed an excess condition, both exterior and interior will be hot, and the pulse will likely be wiry and rapid; harmonization is appropriate. In Shaoyin disease, the pulse should be deep; if fever appears instead, it indicates the pathogen has not left the exterior, and Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Tang (Ephedra, Aconite, and Asarum Decoction) is indicated. If fever, irritability, thirst, red urine, and a large-floating pulse appear, indicating simultaneous exterior and interior involvement, Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) is used to promote diuresis. In cases of deficiency of both yin and yang with unceasing heat, or massive heat following sweating or purgation with a chaotic and restless pulse, or diarrhea with unceasing heat, these are all fatal conditions.