头痛者，寒邪入足太阳经，上攻于头，此表证也。头痛，脉浮紧，无汗恶寒，可发汗。头痛，
脉浮缓，有汗恶寒，宜解肌，照前时令用药。阳明病，不恶寒反恶
热，五六日不大便，胃实燥渴，热气上攻于头目，脉实者，调胃承气下之。少阳头痛者，小柴胡和
之。湿家鼻塞头痛者，瓜蒂散搐鼻，黄水出即愈。痰涎头痛，胸满寒热者，瓜蒂散吐之。厥阴干呕
吐涎沫，头痛者，吴茱萸汤主之。三阳虽有头疼，不若太阳专主也。三阴无头痛，惟厥阴有头痛者，
是脉系络于顶巅也。若痛连于胸，手足俱青，为真头痛，必死矣。
项强者，太阳感邪，表证也。无汗，脉浮紧，宜发汗，葛根汤；有汗，脉浮缓，宜解肌，桂枝
汤。结胸项强，大陷胸汤。寒湿项强，则成 ，例载后条。
恶寒者，乃寒邪客于荣卫，则洒淅恶寒。维一切属表，尚在腑，阴阳所分。若发热恶寒，兼之
头疼脊强，脉浮紧者，邪入太阳，表证也，宜汗之，照时令用药。若无热恶寒，体倦，脉沉迟无力者，
寒邪入足少阴，里证也，宜温之，四逆汤。经
云∶发热恶寒，发于阳。无热恶寒，发于阴。或有下证悉具而微恶寒者，大柴胡下之。其少阴病，
恶寒而蜷，手足厥冷，烦躁，脉不至者，死也。
恶风者，风邪伤卫，腠理不密，由是恶风，悉属于阳，非比恶寒，乃有阴阳之别者。有汗恶风，
脉浮缓者，当解肌，随时用药。恶风发热，兼喘者，羌活冲和汤。若发汗太过，卫虚亡阳，遂漏不
止，恶风，脉浮者，桂枝汤加术、附。恶风，小便难，四肢拘急，难以屈伸者，同上。若风湿恶风，
不欲去衣，骨节痛，汗出短气，小便不利，身微肿者，甘草附子汤。汗后七八日不解，表里俱热，
时时恶风，大渴，舌干燥而烦者，人参白虎汤主之。
头痛，是寒邪侵入足太阳经，向上攻冲头部，这属于表证。若头痛，脉象浮紧，无汗且怕冷，可以采用发汗法治疗。若头痛，脉象浮缓，有汗且怕冷，适宜用解肌法，参照前文所述按季节时令用药。阳明病，不怕冷反而怕热，五六天不大便，胃中实热燥渴，热气上攻头目，脉象实的，用调胃承气汤攻下。少阳引起的头痛，用小柴胡汤和解。患有湿病的人鼻塞头痛的，用瓜蒂散吹鼻，黄水流出即愈。痰涎引起的头痛，伴有胸满、寒热的，用瓜蒂散催吐。厥阴病干呕、吐涎沫并伴有头痛的，以吴茱萸汤为主治方剂。三阳经虽然都有头痛，但不如太阳经专门主司头痛。三阴经没有头痛，只有厥阴经有头痛，是因为经脉联络于头顶巅部。如果疼痛牵连到胸部，手足都发青，这是真头痛，必定死亡。
项背强直，是太阳经受邪，属于表证。无汗，脉象浮紧，适宜发汗，用葛根汤；有汗，脉象浮缓，适宜解肌，用桂枝汤。结胸证导致的项强，用大陷胸汤。寒湿导致的项强，则形成（注：原文此处似有缺字或指代特定病症），例子记载在后条文中。
怕冷，是寒邪客居在荣卫之间，导致身体颤抖畏寒。凡是恶寒都属于表证，病邪尚在腑，区分阴阳。如果发热怕冷，兼有头痛、脊背强直，脉象浮紧的，是邪气侵入太阳经，属于表证，适宜发汗，参照时令用药。如果没有发热而怕冷，身体疲倦，脉象沉迟无力的，是寒邪侵入足少阴经，属于里证，适宜温补，用四逆汤。经书说：发热恶寒，发于阳经。无热恶寒，发于阴经。或者有具备所有里实热证但轻微怕冷的，用大柴胡汤攻下。如果是少阴病，怕冷且身体蜷缩，手足冰冷，烦躁，脉搏摸不到的，是死证。
怕风，是风邪损伤卫气，腠理不致密，因此怕风，全部属于阳证，不像恶寒那样有阴阳的区别。有汗且怕风，脉象浮缓的，应当解肌，根据时令用药。怕风发热，兼有喘息的，用羌活冲和汤。如果发汗太过，导致卫气虚弱、阳气外亡，于是汗漏不止，怕风，脉象浮的，用桂枝汤加白术、附子。怕风，小便困难，四肢拘挛紧急，难以屈伸的，同上（用桂枝汤加术、附）。如果是风湿病怕风，不想脱去衣物，骨节疼痛，出汗短气，小便不利，身体微肿的，用甘草附子汤。发汗后七八天病未解除，表里都热，时时怕风，极度口渴，舌干燥且烦躁的，用人参白虎汤主治。
Headache is caused by cold pathogenic factors invading the Foot-Taiyang Meridian (Taiyang Channel) and attacking upwards to the head; this is a Exterior Syndrome (Biao Zheng). If there is headache, floating-tight pulse, absence of sweating, and aversion to cold, diaphoresis (sweating method) may be employed. If there is headache, floating-slow pulse, presence of sweating, and aversion to cold, muscle-releasing method should be used, prescribing herbs according to the seasons as described previously. In Yangming Disease, there is aversion to heat rather than cold, constipation for five or six days, stomachal excess with dryness and thirst, and heat qi attacking upwards to the head and eyes; if the pulse is excessful, Tiaowei Chengqi Decoction (Regulate the Stomach and Purge Down Decoction) should be used to purge downwards. For Shaoyang headache, Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) is used to harmonize. For patients with dampness presenting with nasal congestion and headache, Gengti San (Melon Seed Powder) is insufflated into the nose; recovery occurs when yellow fluid flows out. For headache caused by phlegm-fluids, accompanied by chest fullness and alternating chills and fever, Gengti San is used to induce vomiting. For Jueyin disease presenting with dry retching, spitting of saliva and froth, and headache, Wuzhuyu Tang (Evodia Decoction) is the primary formula. Although all three Yang meridians can present with headache, Taiyang is specifically predominant in this regard. The three Yin meridians do not typically present with headache; only Jueyin presents with headache because its meridian network connects to the vertex of the head. If the pain extends to the chest and the hands and feet turn blue, it is called True Headache, which is invariably fatal.
Stiffness of the neck and back is caused by the Taiyang meridian being affected by pathogens; it is an Exterior Syndrome. With absence of sweating and a floating-tight pulse, diaphoresis is indicated, using Gegen Tang (Kudzu Decoction); with presence of sweating and a floating-slow pulse, muscle-releasing method is indicated, using Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction). For stiffness of the neck due to Chest Binding (Jie Xiong), Daxiexiong Tang (Major Arsenic-Containing Pill for the Chest) is used. For stiffness of the neck due to cold-dampness, it forms [condition unspecified], examples of which are recorded in subsequent clauses.
Aversion to cold occurs when cold pathogenic factors lodge in Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) levels, causing shivering and fear of cold. All cases of aversion to cold belong to the Exterior level, remaining in the Fu organs, distinguishing between Yin and Yang. If there is fever with aversion to cold, accompanied by headache and spinal stiffness, and a floating-tight pulse, the pathogen has entered the Taiyang meridian, constituting an Exterior Syndrome; diaphoresis is indicated, prescribing herbs according to the season. If there is aversion to cold without fever, body fatigue, and a deep-slow and forceless pulse, cold pathogenic factors have entered the Foot-Shaoyin Meridian, constituting an Interior Syndrome; warming treatment is indicated, using Sini Tang (Recovery from Collapse Decoction). The Classics state: Fever with aversion to cold arises from Yang; aversion to cold without fever arises from Yin. In cases where all signs of interior excess are present but with slight aversion to cold, Dachaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) is used to purge. In Shaoyin disease, if there is aversion to cold, curling up, cold hands and feet, irritability, and an imperceptible pulse, it is a death case.
Aversion to wind is caused by wind pathogenic factors damaging the Wei (Defensive) Qi, leading to laxity of the pores (Cou Li); thus, there is aversion to wind. All such cases belong to Yang, unlike aversion to cold which distinguishes between Yin and Yang. With presence of sweating and aversion to wind, and a floating-slow pulse, muscle-releasing method should be used, prescribing herbs according to the season. For aversion to wind with fever and accompanying asthma/wheezing, Qianghuo Chonghe Tang (Notopterygium Harmonizing Decoction) is used. If excessive diaphoresis leads to deficiency of Wei Qi and loss of Yang, resulting in continuous leakage of sweat, aversion to wind, and a floating pulse, Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) added with Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) and Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Lateral Root) is indicated. For aversion to wind, difficulty in urination, spasticity of the four limbs making flexion and extension difficult, the same prescription applies. For wind-dampness with aversion to wind, reluctance to remove clothing, joint pain, sweating, shortness of breath, difficulty in urination, and slight edema, Gancao Fuzi Tang (Licorice and Prepared Aconite Decoction) is used. After diaphoresis, if after seven or eight days the condition remains unresolved, with exterior and interior both hot, frequent aversion to wind, extreme thirst, dry tongue, and irritability, Renshen Baihu Tang (Ginseng White Tiger Decoction) is the primary formula.