温经一法，但治直中阴经之中寒症，仲景同论《伤寒论》者，原以阴阳并立，互相查考，故同
列一论，正所以分别伤寒阳症中寒阴症也。后人不达本意，见同在《伤寒论》中将谓伤寒中亦
有中寒者，则误甚矣。故伤寒表邪发热多恶寒，绝似中寒，忌温经。伤寒协热下利，洞泄水
谷，绝似寒利，忌温经。伤寒热深厥深，四肢厥冷，绝似阴症，忌温经。伤寒阳邪脉伏，绝
似阴症，脉伏，忌温经。夏秋暑泻，身冷脉伏，绝似里寒，忌温经。
宜攻下者，表汗已出，表邪已解，热结在里，而有诸般下症者。故仲景立诸承气汤以下燥
粪，抵当汤、桃仁汤以下瘀血。大小陷胸汤以攻结胸。诸泻汤以攻痞满。然原分急下，可
下、宜下、微和胃气，俟之，导法缓急轻重。故曰∶身无大热，腹胀满，大便不通者，宜攻
下。潮热多汗，大便硬，欲大便不得，大便时下臭气者，宜攻下。口燥咽干而渴，大便不
通，手足 汗出，舌上微黄者，宜攻下。以上下燥粪者也。小腹硬满，小便自利者，宜攻
下。心下胀满，漱水在口，不得下咽者，宜攻下。此下淤血者也。误下后，身无热，脉不
浮，心下硬痛，有下症者，宜攻下。此下结胸者也。按仲景攻下之法，不详于大便秘结条
中，反详于自汗条内。良以攻下一法，最怕表邪未散，表汗未出，今自汗则表邪散者多矣。
温经这一治法，仅用于治疗寒邪直接侵入阴经所致的中寒证。张仲景在《伤寒论》中将此与伤寒一同论述，原本是因为阴阳相互依存、便于对照考察，所以将它们列在同一篇中，正是为了区分伤寒的阳证和中寒的阴证。后世的人不理解这一本意，看到它们同在《伤寒论》中，就误以为伤寒中也包含中寒的情况，这就大错特错了。因此，伤寒表邪发热且多伴有恶寒，极像中寒，忌用温经法；伤寒协热下利，腹泻如水谷不化，极像寒性腹泻，忌用温经法；伤寒热邪深重导致四肢厥冷（热深厥深），极像阴证，忌用温经法；伤寒阳邪导致脉象沉伏，极像阴证的脉伏，忌用温经法；夏秋季节的暑湿泄泻，身体发冷且脉象沉伏，极像里寒证，忌用温经法。
适宜使用攻下法的，是指表汗已出，表邪已解，热邪结聚在体内，并出现各种需要攻下的症状时。因此张仲景设立诸承气汤来攻下燥屎，抵当汤和桃仁汤来攻下瘀血，大小陷胸汤来攻除结胸，诸泻心汤来攻除痞满。然而原书又分为急下、可下、宜下、微和胃气以及等待时机、导法等缓急轻重的不同情况。所以说：身体没有大热，腹部胀满，大便不通的，适宜攻下；潮热多汗，大便干硬，想排便却排不出，或者大便时排出臭气的，适宜攻下；口干燥咽干而口渴，大便不通，手足出汗，舌苔微黄的，适宜攻下。以上这些是用于攻下燥屎的情况。小腹部硬满，小便自利的，适宜攻下；心下部胀满，口中含水漱而不欲咽下的，适宜攻下。这些是用于攻下瘀血的情况。误用攻下法后，身体无热，脉象不浮，心下部硬痛，有需攻下症状的，适宜攻下。这是用于攻下结胸的情况。考察张仲景的攻下之法，在大便秘结的条文中并不详细，反而在自汗的条文中很详细。大概因为攻下一法，最怕的是表邪未散、表汗未出，如今既然有自汗，说明表邪大多已散。
The method of warming the meridians is used only for treating "Zhonghan" (Cold Strike) syndromes where cold pathogenic factors directly invade the Yin meridians. Zhang Zhongjing discussed this in the *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage) alongside general cold damage theories originally because Yin and Yang are interdependent and facilitate cross-reference; thus, they were listed in the same treatise precisely to distinguish between the Yang syndromes of Shanghan and the Yin syndromes of Zhonghan. Later generations failed to understand this original intent. Seeing them both within the *Shanghan Lun*, they mistakenly believed that Shanghan also includes Zhonghan, which is a significant error. Therefore:
1. When Shanghan involves exterior pathogenic factors causing fever with aversion to cold, resembling Zhonghan, warming the meridians is contraindicated.
2. When Shanghan involves "Xiere Xieli" (Diarrhea with accompanying heat), characterized by watery diarrhea with undigested food, resembling cold-type diarrhea, warming the meridians is contraindicated.
3. When Shanghan involves deep heat leading to deep extremity cold ("Reshen Jueshen"), where limbs are cold, resembling Yin syndromes, warming the meridians is contraindicated.
4. When Shanghan Yang pathogens cause a submerged pulse ("Maifu"), resembling the submerged pulse of Yin syndromes, warming the meridians is contraindicated.
5. Summer-autumn summerheat diarrhea, presenting with cold body and submerged pulse, resembling interior cold syndromes, warming the meridians is contraindicated.
Indications for purgation (Gongxia): Purgation is indicated when exterior sweating has occurred, exterior pathogens have been resolved, heat is consolidated internally, and various symptoms requiring purgation are present. Thus, Zhang Zhongjing established various Chengqi Decoctions (e.g., Dachengqi Tang) to purge dry feces, Didang Decoction (Diding Tang) and Taoren Decoction (Taoren Tang) to purge blood stasis, Xiaoxianxiong Decoction (Minor Chest-Trap Decoction) and Daxianxiong Decoction (Major Chest-Trap Decoction) to attack chest binding (Jie Xiong), and various Xiexin Decoctions (Pile-Expelling Decoctions) to attack fullness and obstruction (Pi Man). However, the text distinguishes between urgent purgation (Jixia), permissible purgation (Kexia), suitable purgation (Yixia), mild harmonization of stomach Qi (Weihe Weiqi), waiting/observation (Sizhi), and guiding methods (Daofa), reflecting differences in urgency and severity.
Therefore:
- If there is no significant fever, abdominal distension and fullness, and constipation, purgation is suitable.
- If there is tidal fever (Chaore), profuse sweating, hard stool, difficulty defecating, or passage of foul-smelling gas, purgation is suitable.
- If there is dry mouth and throat with thirst, constipation, sweating of hands and feet, and a slightly yellow tongue coating, purgation is suitable.
These cases involve purging dry feces.
- If the lower abdomen is hard and full, and urination is normal/spontaneous, purgation is suitable.
- If there is epigastric distension and fullness, with water held in the mouth but unable to be swallowed, purgation is suitable.
These cases involve purging blood stasis.
- After erroneous purgation, if there is no fever, the pulse is not floating, there is hardness and pain in the epigastrium, and symptoms requiring purgation are present, purgation is suitable.
This case involves purging chest binding.
Examining Zhang Zhongjing's methods of purgation, they are not detailed in the sections on constipation but are detailed in the sections on spontaneous sweating. This is likely because the greatest fear with purgation is that exterior pathogens have not dispersed and exterior sweat has not emerged. Since spontaneous sweating indicates that exterior pathogens have mostly dispersed, purgation becomes safer.