桂枝 芍药 甘草 生姜 大枣 麻黄 石膏
太阳病。发热恶寒。热多寒少。脉微弱者。无阳也。不可发汗。 胃为十二经之主。脾
治水谷
气。通行津液也。凡仲景称太阳病者。皆表症发热恶寒。头项强痛也。若脉浮大。则与症相
应。宜发其汗。今表症见而脉反微。是脉不应症。故不可发汗。但用此方和之而已。
芍药 甘草 生姜 白术 茯苓 大枣
主汗下后。仍头项强痛。发热无汗。心下满。微痛。小便不利。头项强痛。邪仍在表。
何故去桂而加苓术耶。不知此属饮症也。既经汗下而不解。心下满痛。小便不利此为水饮内蓄。
邪不在表。故去桂加苓术也。若小便利。则水饮行。而热满头痛。无不悉愈矣。
桂枝 芍药 甘草 人参 大枣 生姜
主汗后。身体痛。脉沉迟。汗后身痛。邪未尽也。脉来沉迟。血不足也。经曰。脉沉者
。营气微也。与桂枝汤。以解未尽之邪。加芍药参姜。以补不足之血。夫身痛一也。以脉浮紧。
为邪盛。盛者损之。以脉沉迟。为血虚。虚者补之。此之身痛。因血虚而致。误作表实而发
之。则血愈虚而危矣。
桂枝 附子 大枣 生姜 甘草
伤寒八九日。风湿相搏。身痛烦。不能转侧。不呕不渴。脉浮虚而涩。 病至八九日。
则邪多在里。身当不痛。今日数多。而身痛不能转侧者。湿也。经曰。风则浮虚。又曰。涩为寒
湿。不呕不渴。里无邪热也。脉浮虚而涩。身有烦疼。则知风湿。但在经也。与桂枝附子汤。
以散表中风湿。风在表者。散以桂枝之辛甘。湿在经者。逐以附子之辛热。姜枣同甘草。行营卫
而通津液。以和其表也。
太阳病（太阳经受邪所致的病证），出现发热和恶寒，热象多于寒象。如果脉象微弱，说明体内阳气不足（无阳也），此时不可使用发汗法治疗。胃是十二经脉的主宰，脾负责运化水谷精微之气，并通行津液。凡是张仲景所称的太阳病，都表现为表证，症状包括发热、恶寒、头项强痛。如果脉象浮大，则与症状相应，适宜使用发汗法。现在表证出现但脉象反而微弱，这是脉象与症状不相符，所以不可发汗。只能使用这个方剂来调和机体而已。
主治经过发汗或攻下治疗后，仍然出现头项强痛、发热、无汗、心下部胀满、轻微疼痛、小便不利等症状。头项强痛是因为邪气仍在体表。为什么要去掉桂枝而加入茯苓和白术呢？不知道这属于痰饮病证。既然经过汗法和下法治疗仍未解除，且出现心下胀满疼痛、小便不利，这是因为水饮内停蓄积。邪气已不在体表，所以去掉桂枝而加入茯苓和白术。如果小便通畅，那么水饮得以运行，发热、胀满、头痛等症没有不痊愈的。
主治发汗后，身体疼痛，脉象沉迟。发汗后身体疼痛，说明邪气尚未完全清除。脉象沉迟，说明血液不足。医经说：脉象沉，表示营气微弱。给予桂枝汤，以解除未尽的邪气；加入芍药、人参、生姜，以补充不足的血液。同样是身体疼痛，如果脉象浮紧，是邪气盛实，盛实则需损减（泻之）；如果脉象沉迟，是血虚，虚则需补益。这种身体疼痛，是因为血虚导致的。如果误认为是表实证而使用发汗法，那么血液会更虚，导致危险。
伤寒病程到了第八九日，风邪与湿邪相互搏结，身体疼痛烦扰，不能翻身转侧，没有呕吐也没有口渴，脉象浮虚而涩。病至第八九日，邪气多在里，身体应当不痛。如今天数较多，却身体疼痛不能转侧，这是湿邪所致。医经说：风邪致病脉象浮虚，又说：涩脉主寒湿。没有呕吐和口渴，说明里没有邪热。脉象浮虚而涩，身体有烦疼，可知风湿邪气仅在经络肌表。给予桂枝附子汤，以疏散体表的的风湿。风在表，用桂枝的辛甘之性来发散；湿在经络，用附子的辛热之性来驱逐。生姜、大枣同甘草配合，运行营卫之气并通调津液，以调和体表。
Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi), White Peony Root (Shaoyao), Licorice Root (Gancao), Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang), Jujube (Dazao), Ephedra Herb (Mahuang), Gypsum (Shigao).
Taiyang disease (disease pattern caused by pathogenic factors invading the Taiyang channel) presents with fever and aversion to cold, where heat sensation predominates over cold sensation. If the pulse is faint and weak, it indicates a deficiency of Yang Qi (Wu Yang Ye); in this case, diaphoresis (sweating therapy) is contraindicated. The Stomach is the master of the twelve channels; the Spleen transforms and transports the essence of food and fluids, and circulates body fluids. Whenever Zhang Zhongjing refers to Taiyang disease, it invariably manifests as exterior syndrome with symptoms of fever, aversion to cold, and stiffness and pain in the head and neck. If the pulse is floating and large, it corresponds with the symptoms, and diaphoresis is appropriate. However, when exterior symptoms are present but the pulse is unexpectedly faint, there is a discrepancy between the pulse and the symptoms; therefore, diaphoresis is prohibited. One should only use this formula to harmonize the organism.
White Peony Root (Shaoyao), Licorice Root (Gancao), Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang), Atractylodes Rhizome (Baizhu), Poria (Fuling), Jujube (Dazao).
Indicated for cases where, after sweating or purging therapies, symptoms such as stiffness and pain in the head and neck, fever, anhidrosis (absence of sweating), fullness and slight pain in the epigastrium, and dysuria (difficult urination) persist. The stiffness and pain in the head and neck indicate that the pathogen remains at the exterior. Why remove Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) and add Poria (Fuling) and Atractylodes Rhizome (Baizhu)? This condition belongs to fluid retention syndrome (Yin Zheng). Since the condition has not resolved after sweating and purging, and presents with epigastric fullness/pain and dysuria, it is due to internal accumulation of water-fluids. The pathogen is no longer at the exterior; hence, Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) is removed, and Poria (Fuling) and Atractylodes Rhizome (Baizhu) are added. If urination becomes smooth, the water-fluids will circulate, and fever, fullness, and headache will all resolve.
Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi), White Peony Root (Shaoyao), Licorice Root (Gancao), Ginseng Root (Renshen), Jujube (Dazao), Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang).
Indicated for body pain and a deep, slow pulse following sweating therapy. Body pain after sweating indicates that pathogens have not been completely eliminated. A deep and slow pulse indicates blood deficiency. The Classics state: "A deep pulse signifies weak Ying-Qi." Administer Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) to resolve the remaining pathogens; add White Peony Root (Shaoyao), Ginseng Root (Renshen), and Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang) to tonify the deficient blood. Although both present with body pain, a floating and tight pulse indicates excess pathogens, requiring reduction (draining); a deep and slow pulse indicates blood deficiency, requiring tonification. This specific body pain is caused by blood deficiency. If mistakenly treated as an exterior excess syndrome and subjected to diaphoresis, the blood deficiency will worsen, leading to critical danger.
Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi), Aconite Lateral Root Preparata (Fuzi), Jujube (Dazao), Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang), Licorice Root (Gancao).
In Shaoyin disease extending to the eighth or ninth day, Wind-Dampness intermingling causes severe body pain and restlessness, inability to turn the body, without vomiting or thirst, and a floating, deficient, and choppy pulse. By the eighth or ninth day, pathogens usually reside in the interior, and the body should not be painful. The persistence of body pain and inability to move despite the passage of days indicates Dampness. The Classics state: "Wind pathology presents with a floating and deficient pulse," and "A choppy pulse indicates Cold-Dampness." The absence of vomiting and thirst indicates no Heat pathogens in the interior. A floating, deficient, and choppy pulse accompanied by painful restlessness confirms that Wind-Dampness resides only in the meridians and exterior. Administer Gui Zhi Fu Zi Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Aconite Decoction) to disperse Wind-Dampness from the exterior. For Wind at the exterior, disperse using the acrid-sweet nature of Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi); for Dampness in the meridians, expel using the acrid-hot nature of Aconite Lateral Root Preparata (Fuzi). Combined with Fresh Ginger, Jujube, and Licorice Root, this regimen promotes the circulation of Ying-Qi, unblocks body fluids, and harmonizes the exterior.