（有加减法见太阳上编本条下。）
麻黄（三两去节） 桂枝（三两） 芍药（三两酒洗） 甘草（二两炙） 五味子（半升） 干姜（三两） 细辛
（二两） 半夏（半升姜制）
上八味以水一斗。先煮麻黄减二升。去上沫纳诸药。煮取三升。去滓温服一升。
葛根（四两） 麻黄（三两去节） 桂枝（二两） 芍药（一两酒洗） 甘草（二两炙） 生姜（三两切） 大枣
（十二枚）
上七味 咀。以水一斗。先煮麻黄葛根减二升去沫。纳诸药煮取三升。去滓温服一升覆取微似汗。不须啜粥。余如
桂枝法将息及禁忌。
葛根（四两） 麻黄（三两去节汤泡去黄汁焙干） 桂枝 芍药（酒洗） 甘草（炙各二两） 半夏（半升洗） 生
姜（三两切） 大枣（十二枚擘）
上八味以水一斗。先煮葛根麻黄减二升。去白沫纳诸药煮取三升。去滓温服一升覆取微似汗。
麻黄（四两去节） 杏仁（五十个去皮尖） 甘草（一两炙） 石膏（半斤碎绵裹）
上四味以水七升。先煮麻黄减二升。去上沫纳诸药煮取二升。去滓。温服一升。
麻黄（二两去节） 连轺（二两即连翘根） 赤小豆（一升即细赤豆） 杏仁（四十个去皮尖） 甘草（二两炙） 生
梓白皮（一升） 生姜（二两切） 大枣（十二枚擘）
以上八味。以潦水一斗先煮麻黄再沸去上沫。纳诸药煮取三升。分温三服半日服尽。
伤寒瘀热在里。身必发黄者。因其人素有湿热汗出不尽则肌腠之里为瘀热所凝而遍身发黄故宜此汤以取微汗也。麻
黄发散表邪杏仁生姜辛散走表连轺泻经络之积火。梓皮除肌肉之湿热小豆降火利水。甘草大枣益脾和胃。盖土浓可以御
水湿之蒸。观金匮治寒湿用麻黄加术汤。其义可见。○此汤为汗后表邪未解。而湿热发黄脉浮者。取汗而设。茵陈蒿汤。
为表邪已散而小便不利身黄脉沉者。分利而设栀子柏皮汤为表里皆热脉来软大不可汗下者而设。若夫汗后渴而小便不利。
热结津液身目皆。黄者。又当取用五苓加茵陈以利水为务也。
麻黄汤方：
麻黄（三两，去节） 桂枝（三两） 芍药（三两，酒洗） 甘草（二两，炙） 五味子（半升） 干姜（三两） 细辛（二两） 半夏（半升，姜制）
以上八味药，用水一斗。先煮麻黄，水量减少二升，撇去水面浮沫，加入其余药物，煎煮取汁三升，滤去药渣，每次温服一升。
葛根汤方：
葛根（四两） 麻黄（三两，去节） 桂枝（二两） 芍药（一两，酒洗） 甘草（二两，炙） 生姜（三两，切） 大枣（十二枚）
以上七味药，捣碎。用水一斗，先煮麻黄和葛根，水量减少二升，撇去浮沫，加入其余药物，煎煮取汁三升，滤去药渣，每次温服一升。服药后覆盖衣被以取得微微似有汗出的效果。不需要喝热粥助汗。其余调养方法及禁忌事项，参照桂枝汤的方法执行。
葛根加半夏汤方：
葛根（四两） 麻黄（三两，去节，沸水泡去黄汁，焙干） 桂枝 芍药（酒洗） 甘草（炙，各二两） 半夏（半升，洗） 生姜（三两，切） 大枣（十二枚，掰开）
以上八味药，用水一斗，先煮葛根和麻黄，水量减少二升，撇去白色浮沫，加入其余药物，煎煮取汁三升，滤去药渣，每次温服一升。服药后覆盖衣被以取得微微似有汗出的效果。
麻杏石甘汤方：
麻黄（四两，去节） 杏仁（五十个，去皮尖） 甘草（一两，炙） 石膏（半斤，打碎，用绵布包裹）
以上四味药，用水七升，先煮麻黄，水量减少二升，撇去水面浮沫，加入其余药物，煎煮取汁二升，滤去药渣，每次温服一升。
麻黄连轺赤小豆汤方：
麻黄（二两，去节） 连轺（二两，即连翘根） 赤小豆（一升，即细赤豆） 杏仁（四十个，去皮尖） 甘草（二两，炙） 生梓白皮（一升） 生姜（二两，切） 大枣（十二枚，掰开）
以上八味药，用雨水（潦水）一斗，先煮麻黄，煮沸两次后撇去水面浮沫，加入其余药物，煎煮取汁三升，分三次温服，半天内服完。
【方解】
伤寒病中，瘀滞之热邪蕴结在体内，身体必然会出现发黄的症状。这是因为患者素体有湿热，出汗不彻底，导致肌腠之内被瘀热所凝滞，从而遍身发黄。因此适宜使用此汤剂来发微汗以祛邪。
方中麻黄发散表邪，杏仁、生姜辛散走表；连轺泻除经络中的积火；梓白皮清除肌肉层面的湿热；赤小豆降火利水；甘草、大枣补益脾胃。大概是因为土气厚实可以抵御水湿的蒸腾。参考《金匮要略》治疗寒湿使用麻黄加术汤，其中的道理由此可见。
○ 此汤是为汗后表邪未解，且伴有湿热发黄、脉象浮者，通过发汗而设的方剂。茵陈蒿汤，是为表邪已散，但小便不利、身黄、脉沉者，通过分利小便而设的方剂。栀子柏皮汤，是为表里皆热、脉象软大、不可发汗也不可攻下者而设的方剂。至于汗后出现口渴、小便不利，热邪结聚津液导致身目皆黄的情况，又应当选用五苓散加茵陈，以利水为主要治疗目的。
(For modifications and additions, see the lower section of this entry in the Upper Compilation of Taiyang Disease in *Shanghan Lun*.)
**Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction)**:
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) [3 liang, remove joints], Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) [3 liang], Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) [3 liang, washed with wine], Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) [2 liang, honey-fried], Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus) [0.5 sheng], Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) [3 liang], Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma) [2 liang], Banxia (Pinelliae Tuber) [0.5 sheng, prepared with ginger].
Take the above eight ingredients, add one dou of water. First boil Mahuang until the volume decreases by two sheng, skim off the foam on the surface, then add the remaining herbs. Boil to obtain three sheng of decoction, strain, and take one sheng warm.
**Gegen Tang (Kudzu Decoction)**:
Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) [4 liang], Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) [3 liang, remove joints], Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) [2 liang], Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) [1 liang, washed with wine], Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) [2 liang, honey-fried], Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) [3 liang, sliced], Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) [12 pieces].
Take the above seven ingredients, crush them. Add one dou of water. First boil Mahuang and Gegen until the volume decreases by two sheng, skim off the foam, then add the remaining herbs. Boil to obtain three sheng of decoction, strain, and take one sheng warm. After taking the medicine, cover with blankets to induce a slight perspiration. There is no need to drink hot porridge to assist sweating. Rest and dietary precautions should follow those for Guizhi Tang.
**Gegen Jia Banxia Tang (Kudzu Decoction with Pinellia)**:
Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) [4 liang], Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) [3 liang, remove joints, soak in boiling water to remove yellow juice, dry by baking], Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) [washed with wine], Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) [2 liang each, honey-fried], Banxia (Pinelliae Tuber) [0.5 sheng, washed], Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) [3 liang, sliced], Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) [12 pieces, split open].
Take the above eight ingredients, add one dou of water. First boil Gegen and Mahuang until the volume decreases by two sheng, skim off the white foam, then add the remaining herbs. Boil to obtain three sheng of decoction, strain, and take one sheng warm. After taking the medicine, cover with blankets to induce a slight perspiration.
**Maxing Shigan Tang (Ephedra, Apricot Kernel, Gypsum, and Licorice Decoction)**:
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) [4 liang, remove joints], Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum) [50 pieces, remove skin and tips], Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) [1 liang, honey-fried], Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) [0.5 jin, crushed, wrapped in cotton cloth].
Take the above four ingredients, add seven sheng of water. First boil Mahuang until the volume decreases by two sheng, skim off the foam on the surface, then add the remaining herbs. Boil to obtain two sheng of decoction, strain, and take one sheng warm.
**Mahuang Lianyao Chixiaodou Tang (Ephedra, Forsythia Root, and Red Bean Decoction)**:
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) [2 liang, remove joints], Lianyao (Forsythiae Radix, i.e., root of Forsythia suspensa) [2 liang], Chixiaodou (Phaseoli Angularis Semen) [1 sheng, i.e., small red beans], Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum) [40 pieces, remove skin and tips], Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) [2 liang, honey-fried], Shengzi Bapi (Morus Cortex) [1 sheng], Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) [2 liang, sliced], Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) [12 pieces, split open].
Take the above eight ingredients, add one dou of rainwater (liao shui). First boil Mahuang; after it boils twice, skim off the foam on the surface, then add the remaining herbs. Boil to obtain three sheng of decoction. Divide into three warm doses, consumed within half a day.
[Explanation of the Formula]
In typhoid fever (Shanghan), stagnant heat trapped inside the body inevitably leads to jaundice (yellowing of the skin). This occurs because the patient has a predisposition to damp-heat, and incomplete sweating causes the stagnant heat to coagulate within the muscle layers and interstices, resulting in generalized yellowing of the body. Therefore, this decoction is suitable to induce mild sweating to dispel the pathogen.
In the formula, Mahuang disperses exterior pathogens; Xingren and Shengjiang are acrid and warm, directing action outward to the exterior; Lianyao clears accumulated fire from the meridians; Zibi (Cortex Mori) removes damp-heat from the muscles; Chixiaodou descends fire and promotes urination; Gancao and Dazao tonify the Spleen and harmonize the Stomach. Essentially, robust Earth energy can resist the steaming of dampness. Observing that *Jingui Yaolue* uses Mahuang Jia Zhu Tang (Ephedra and Atractylodes Macrocephala Decoction) to treat cold-dampness, the underlying principle becomes clear.
○ This decoction is designed for cases where exterior pathogens remain unresolved after sweating, accompanied by damp-heat jaundice and a floating pulse, aiming to resolve the condition through sweating. Yinchen Hao Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae Decoction) is designed for cases where exterior pathogens have dispersed but there is difficulty in urination, jaundice, and a deep pulse, aiming to resolve the condition through promoting diuresis. Zhizi Baipi Tang (Gardeniae and Phellodendri Decoction) is designed for cases where both interior and exterior are hot, the pulse is soft and large, and neither sweating nor purging is indicated. As for cases following sweating where thirst and difficulty in urination occur, leading to heat binding fluids and causing yellowing of the body and eyes, Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) plus Yinchen (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba) should be selected, focusing primarily on promoting urination.