项强太阳病也，项背强，太阳阳明病也。脉浮无汗，是从伤寒传来，宜葛根汤。脉浮有汗，是从中风传来，
宜桂枝加葛根汤。脉沉，邪已入里，宜栝蒌桂枝汤。结胸项强，背反张，有汗如柔痉之状，宜大陷胸丸。但
见太阳少阳并病之项强，不可汗下，宜柴胡去半夏加栝蒌主之。
未汗身痛属表实，宜麻黄汤。汗后身痛属表虚，宜桂枝新加汤。身痛尺脉迟，是血少营气不足，虽未经
汗，亦不可发汗，宜建中汤加黄 治之。身痛见少阴沉脉，四肢厥冷，宜附子汤。身痛见厥阴厥逆，汗出不
止，下利清谷，宜四逆汤。一身尽痛，不能转侧，掣引烦痛，是风湿病、宜桂枝附子汤。
身为热动而不安，谓之躁。心为热扰而不宁，谓之烦。烦则扰于内属阳，躁则动于外属阴。若懊 心中
，反复颠倒，烦不得眠。不与躁同见者，皆无冷病，惟躁则不然，当分表里阴阳取治。故太阳有不汗出之烦
躁，谓之在表，大青龙证也。阳明有心下硬之烦躁，谓之在阳，白虎汤证也。三阴有吐利手足
厥之烦躁，谓之在阴，四逆辈证也。诸烦无论汗吐下之前后，但大便不硬者，以竹叶石膏、温胆、栀子豉等
汤主治。便硬者，量其热之浅深，以白虎、三承气汤主治。躁同三阴证见者，便属阴寒，宜四逆、理中、吴
茱萸汤主治。
项部僵硬属于太阳病，项背部僵硬则属于太阳阳明合病。脉象浮而无汗，这是从伤寒传变而来，适宜使用葛根汤。脉象浮而有汗，这是从中风传变而来，适宜使用桂枝加葛根汤。脉象沉，说明邪气已经入里，适宜使用栝蒌桂枝汤。结胸证伴有项强、背部反张，出汗类似柔痉的症状，适宜使用大陷胸丸。仅见太阳少阳并病引起的项强，不可使用发汗或泻下法，适宜使用柴胡去半夏加栝蒌汤主治。
未经发汗的身痛属于表实证，适宜使用麻黄汤。发汗后的身痛属于表虚证，适宜使用桂枝新加汤。身痛且尺脉迟，是血少营气不足的表现，即使未经发汗，也不可再发汗，适宜使用建中汤加黄芪治疗。身痛且出现少阴病的沉脉，四肢厥冷，适宜使用附子汤。身痛且出现厥阴病的厥逆，出汗不止，腹泻完谷不化，适宜使用四逆汤。全身疼痛，不能翻身转动，牵引性剧痛，这是风湿病，适宜使用桂枝附子汤。
身体因热而动而不安，称为躁。心脏因热扰而不宁，称为烦。烦则是扰动于内属阳，躁则是动摇于外属阴。如果心中懊恼，反复颠倒，心烦无法入睡，这与躁不同见，都没有寒性病证，只有躁证不是这样，应当分辨表里阴阳来选取治疗方法。所以太阳病有不出汗的烦躁，称为在表，是大青龙汤证。阳明病有心下硬满的烦躁，称为在阳（热盛），是白虎汤证。三阴病有呕吐腹泻手足厥冷的烦躁，称为在阴，是四逆汤类方证。各种烦证，无论在使用汗、吐、下法之前还是之后，只要大便不硬，以竹叶石膏汤、温胆汤、栀子豉汤等方剂主治。大便硬的，根据热的深浅程度，用白虎汤、三承气汤主治。躁证与三阴证同见的，便属于阴寒证，适宜使用四逆汤、理中汤、吴茱萸汤主治。
Stiffness of the neck is a Taiyang disease (disease of the Taiyang channel), while stiffness of the neck and back is a combined Taiyang and Yangming disease. If the pulse is floating without sweat, it has transmitted from Shanghan (Cold Damage), and Gegen Tang (Kudzu Decoction) is indicated. If the pulse is floating with sweat, it has transmitted from Fengzhong (Wind Strike), and Guizhi Jia Gegen Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Kudzu Root) is indicated. If the pulse is deep, the pathogenic factor has entered the interior, and Gualou Guizhi Tang (Trichosanthes Root and Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is indicated. In Jie Xiong (Chest Binding) with stiff neck and opisthotonos, sweating resembling Rou Jing (Soft Spasm), Daxiexion Wan (Major Chest-Draining Pill) is indicated. For stiff neck due to concurrent Taiyang and Shaoyang diseases, neither diaphoresis nor purgation should be used; Chaihu Qu Banxia Jia Gualou Tang (Bupleurum Decoction minus Pinellia plus Trichosanthes Root) is indicated.
Body pain before sweating belongs to Exterior Excess syndrome, and Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) is indicated. Body pain after sweating belongs to Exterior Deficiency syndrome, and Guizhi Xinjia Tang (Modified Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is indicated. Body pain with a slow Chi pulse indicates insufficient blood and Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi); even if no sweating has occurred, diaphoresis is contraindicated, and Jianzhong Tang (Establish the Middle Decoction) plus Huangqi (Astragali Radix) is indicated. Body pain accompanied by a deep pulse of Shaoyin disease and cold extremities indicates Fuzi Tang (Aconite Decoction). Body pain accompanied by Jueyin disease with reversal-cold, incessant sweating, and diarrhea with undigested food indicates Sini Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction). Generalized body pain, inability to turn over, and pulling severe pain indicate Fengshi Bing (Wind-Damp Disease), and Guizhi Fuzi Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Aconite Decoction) is indicated.
Restlessness of the body due to heat agitation is called Zao (Agitation). Restlessness of the heart due to heat disturbance is called Fan (Vexation). Fan implies internal disturbance belonging to Yang, while Zao implies external movement belonging to Yin. If one feels Ao Nu (Oppressive Vexation) in the chest, tossing and turning, unable to sleep due to vexation, this differs from Zao and does not involve Cold syndromes; only Zao is different. Treatment should be selected based on distinguishing Exterior/Interior and Yin/Yang. Thus, Taiyang disease with non-sweating Fan and Zao is considered Exterior, corresponding to Da Qinglong Tang (Major Blue-Green Dragon Decoction) syndrome. Yangming disease with epigastric hardness and Fan/Zao is considered Yang (Excess Heat), corresponding to Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) syndrome. Three Yin diseases with vomiting, diarrhea, and cold extremities with Fan/Zao are considered Yin, corresponding to Sini Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction) category syndromes. For all Fan syndromes, regardless of whether they occur before or after diaphoresis, emesis, or purgation, if the stool is not hard, Zhuye Shigao Tang (Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction), Wendan Tang (Harmonize the Gallbladder Decoction), or Zhizi Chi Tang (Gardenia and Soybean Decoction) are primarily indicated. If the stool is hard, the depth of heat is assessed, and Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) or the three Chengqi Tangs (Assist the Qi Decoctions) are indicated. When Zao appears concurrently with Three Yin syndromes, it belongs to Yin-Cold, and Sini Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction), Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction), or Wuzhuyu Tang (Evodia Decoction) are indicated.