脉经曰沉迟为寒沉者重按至骨脉来三至为迟此寒冷所中之脉也又曰沉紧心中逆冷痛沉而
有力者易治无力者难痊
一寒症恶寒发热腹痛恶心肢冷自汗宜用 五积散 正气散
一寒气结于肠胃之间令人四肢逆冷呕吐腹痛或泻脉沉宜用 理中汤 四逆汤
一寒气客于胃脘气逆作呕胀吐肢冷宜用 治中汤 姜附汤
一虚寒无阳胃弱呕吐宜用 沉附汤
一中寒脉沉紧胃中作痛胸膈饱胀手足逆冷身体拘急宜用 温中汤 理中汤 或理中丸
治寒症腹痛肢冷恶寒发热自汗
白芷 陈皮 浓朴 甘草 桔梗 枳壳 半夏 苍术 当归 川芎 芍药 茯苓 干姜
官
治寒冷所伤憎寒恶风呕吐
半夏 浓朴 甘草 白术 陈皮 藿香 水二钟姜三片黑枣一枚煎八分不拘时服
治寒中五脏口噤失音四肢逆冷心腹痛甚
人参 干姜 白术 甘草 水二钟姜三片红枣一枚煎八分不拘时服
治虚寒伤胃呕吐作痛
附子（炮一钱） 沉香（五分） 白术（二钱） 干姜（炮一钱） 甘草（炙五分） 水
二钟姜五
片煎八分食远热服
《脉经》说：脉象沉而迟属于寒证。所谓“沉”，是指重按至骨才能触及的脉象；所谓“迟”，是指脉搏跳动缓慢，每呼吸一次脉动三次（注：此处原文表述有歧义，通常一息三至为数脉或迟脉界限，但结合上下文“沉迟为寒”，此处应理解为脉来迟缓）。这是被寒冷邪气侵袭所致的脉象。又说：脉象沉紧，伴有心中逆冷疼痛；脉象沉而有力者容易治疗，无力者难以痊愈。
第一种情况：寒症表现为恶寒、发热、腹痛、恶心、四肢冰冷、自汗，适宜使用五积散、正气散。
第二种情况：寒气结聚在肠胃之间，导致四肢厥冷、呕吐、腹痛或腹泻，脉象沉，适宜使用理中汤、四逆汤。
第三种情况：寒气客居于胃脘部，气机上逆导致呕吐、胀满、吐物、四肢冰冷，适宜使用治中汤、姜附汤。
第五种情况：中寒证，脉象沉紧，胃中疼痛，胸膈饱胀，手足厥冷，身体拘急不舒，适宜使用温中汤、理中汤或理中丸。
治疗寒症引起的腹痛、四肢冰冷、恶寒、发热、自汗：
白芷、陈皮、厚朴、甘草、桔梗、枳壳、半夏、苍术、当归、川芎、芍药、茯苓、干姜。
治疗寒冷邪气所伤，憎寒怕风、呕吐：
半夏、厚朴、甘草、白术、陈皮、藿香。用水两钟，生姜三片，黑枣一枚，煎至八分，不拘时候服用。
治疗寒邪侵入五脏，口噤失音，四肢厥冷，心腹剧烈疼痛：
人参、干姜、白术、甘草。用水两钟，生姜三片，红枣一枚，煎至八分，不拘时候服用。
治疗阴寒引起的腹痛：
甘草、干姜、附子。用水两钟，煎至六分，不拘时候服用。
治疗寒气攻心，呕吐逆乱作痛：
即理中汤加入青皮、陈皮，以水引同煎。
治疗虚寒损伤胃部，呕吐作痛：
附子（炮制一钱）、沉香（五分）、白术（二钱）、干姜（炮制一钱）、甘草（炙五分）。用水两钟，生姜五片，煎至八分，饭后稍远时热服。
治疗胃寒呕吐逆乱作痛：
干姜、附子（均炮制，等分）。用水两钟，煎至八分，不拘时候服用。
治疗寒邪损伤中脘，导致胀疼、呕吐：
丁皮（肉桂皮或丁香皮，视版本而定，此处依原文）、厚朴、干姜、白术、陈皮、丁香。用水两钟，生姜三片，葱白两根，煎至八分服用。
The *Mai Jing* (Pulse Classic) states: A deep and slow pulse indicates cold. "Deep" refers to a pulse that can only be felt when pressing heavily down to the bone; "slow" refers to a pulse with infrequent beats, occurring three times per respiratory cycle (Note: In traditional context, this describes a slow rhythm). This is the pulse pattern resulting from invasion by cold pathogenic factors. It also states: A deep and tight pulse accompanied by counterflow coldness and pain in the heart region; if the deep pulse is forceful, it is easy to treat; if it is weak, it is difficult to cure.
Case 1: For cold syndrome manifesting as aversion to cold, fever, abdominal pain, nausea, cold limbs, and spontaneous sweating, Wujisan (Five Accumulations Powder) or Zhengqi San (Righteous Qi Powder) are appropriate.
Case 2: When cold qi knots between the stomach and intestines, causing cold limbs (cold reaching the extremities), vomiting, abdominal pain, or diarrhea, with a deep pulse, Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) or Sini Tang (Reverse the Extremities Decoction) are appropriate.
Case 3: When cold qi lodges in the epigastrium, causing counterflow of qi leading to vomiting, distension, regurgitation, and cold limbs, Zhizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) or Jiangfu Tang (Ginger and Aconite Decoction) are appropriate.
Case 4: For deficiency-cold syndrome with yang insufficiency, weak stomach, and vomiting, Chenfu Tang (Sinking Aconite Decoction) is appropriate.
Case 5: For mid-cold syndrome with a deep and tight pulse, pain in the stomach, fullness in the chest and diaphragm, cold hands and feet, and bodily stiffness and tension, Wenzhong Tang (Warm the Middle Decoction), Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction), or Lizhong Wan (Regulate the Middle Pill) are appropriate.
Treatment for cold syndrome causing abdominal pain, cold limbs, aversion to cold, fever, and spontaneous sweating:
Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Zhiqiao (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum), Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Fuling (Poria), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma).
Treatment for injury by cold pathogens causing aversion to cold, fear of wind, and vomiting:
Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Huoxiang (Agastaches Herba). Decoct two units of water with three slices of fresh ginger and one black date until reduced to eight-tenths volume. Take at any time.
Treatment for cold invading the five zang organs, causing lockjaw and loss of voice, cold limbs, and severe heart and abdominal pain:
Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma). Decoct two units of water with three slices of fresh ginger and one red date until reduced to eight-tenths volume. Take at any time.
Treatment for yin-cold causing abdominal pain:
Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata). Decoct two units of water until reduced to six-tenths volume. Take at any time.
Treatment for cold qi attacking the heart, causing vomiting, counterflow, and pain:
This is Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) added with Qingpi (Aurantii Fructus Imperforatus Pericarpium) and Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), decocted together with water.
Treatment for deficiency-cold damaging the stomach, causing vomiting and pain:
Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, processed, 1 qian), Chenxiang (Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum, 5 fen), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 2 qian), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, processed, 1 qian), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 5 fen). Decoct two units of water with five slices of fresh ginger until reduced to eight-tenths volume. Take hot, well after meals.
Treatment for stomach cold causing vomiting, counterflow, and pain:
Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) and Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, both processed, equal parts). Decoct two units of water until reduced to eight-tenths volume. Take at any time.
Treatment for cold injuring the middle jiao (zhongwan), causing distension, pain, and vomiting:
Dingpi (Cinnamomi Cortex or Syzygii Aromatis Fructus Pericarpium - text ambiguous, likely Cinnamomi Cortex or similar aromatic bark), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Dingxiang (Eugeniae Flos). Decoct two units of water with three slices of fresh ginger and two stalks of scallion white until reduced to eight-tenths volume. Take.