治虚弱人痰涎壅盛。
人参芦。研为末，水调下一二钱。或加竹沥和服（竹沥滑痰）。
此手太阴、足太阳药也。经曰∶在上者，因而越之。痰涎上壅，法当涌之，病患虚羸，
故以参芦代藜芦、瓜蒂，宣犹带补，不致耗伤元气也（朱丹溪曰∶人参补阳中之阴，芦反泻
太阴之
（仲景）
治伤寒吐下后，虚烦不眠，剧者反复颠倒，心下懊 ；及大下后身热不退，心下结痛，
或痰在膈中（汗吐下后，正气不足，邪气乘虚结于胸中，故烦热懊 。烦热者，热而烦扰；
懊者，懊恼 闷也。昼动为阳，夜卧主阴，阳热未散，阴气未复，故不得眠。身热去而心
结痛者
栀子（十四枚） 淡豉（四合。）服令微吐（仲景曰∶病患粪微溏者，不可与服）。
此足太阳、阳明药也。烦为热胜，栀子苦寒、色赤入心，故以为君。淡豉苦能发热，腐
能胜焦（肾气为热，心气为焦，豉蒸 而成，故为腐），助栀子以吐虚烦，故以为臣。酸苦
涌泄为阴也。此吐无形之虚烦，若膈有实邪，当用瓜蒂散（王海藏曰∶烦气也，躁血也，烦
出于肺，躁出于肾，故用栀子治肺烦，香豉治肾躁。亦用作吐药，以邪在上焦，吐之则邪散，
经所谓在上者因而越之也。或问烦躁皆心为之，何谓烦出于肺，躁出于肾，曰∶热则烦，热
甚则躁，烦为阳，躁为阴，大抵皆心火为病，火旺则金燥而水亏，惟火独在，故肺肾合而为
烦躁，按∶大便软者为吐证，大便秘者为下证，若大便微溏者，不可服，以里虚寒在下，虽
烦非蕴热也。若宿食而烦躁者，栀子大黄汤主之）。
本方加甘草，名栀子甘草豉汤（仲景）∶治前证兼少气者（甘以补之）。本方加生姜，名
栀子生姜豉汤（仲景）∶治前证兼呕者（辛以散之）。本方除淡豉，加干姜，名栀子干姜汤（仲
景）∶治伤寒误下，身热不去，微烦者（栀子以解热烦，干姜以温误下）。本方除淡豉，加浓
朴、枳实，名栀子浓朴汤（仲景）∶治伤寒下后，心烦腹满（栀子涌虚烦，枳朴泄腹满，亦
表里两解之法）。本方加大黄、枳实，名栀子大黄汤（仲景）∶治酒疸发黄，心中懊 ，或热
痛；亦治伤寒食复（轻则消导，重乃吐下）。本方加枳实，名枳实栀子豉汤（仲景）∶治伤寒
劳复（伤寒新瘥，血气未平，余热未尽，作劳动病者为劳复，伤食者为食复）。本方加薤白，
名豉薤汤（张文仲）∶治伤寒下利如烂肉汁，赤滞下，伏气腹痛诸热证（滞下、痢也。栀豉
苦寒，能升能散；薤白辛温，能开胸痹及大肠气滞）。本方加犀角、大青，名犀角大青汤∶
治斑毒热甚头痛。
治疗身体虚弱且痰涎壅盛的患者。
用人参芦，研磨成粉末，用水调服一钱或二钱。或者加入竹沥一起服用（竹沥具有滑利痰浊的作用）。
这是作用于手太阴肺经和足太阳膀胱经的药物。《内经》说：“病位在上者，应当采用涌吐的方法。”痰涎向上壅塞，按照治法应当涌吐；患者身体虚弱消瘦，所以用人参芦代替藜芦、瓜蒂，其宣散作用中带有补益之意，不至于耗伤元气。（朱丹溪说：人参补益阳中之阴，而人参芦反而泻除太阴之邪）
（张仲景）
治疗伤寒经过催吐或攻下之后，出现心中虚烦难以入睡，严重的辗转反侧，心中烦闷懊恼；以及经过猛烈攻下后，身体发热不退，心窝部结滞疼痛，或者有痰停留在膈中（汗法、吐法、下法之后，正气不足，邪气乘虚结聚于胸中，所以出现烦热懊恼。烦热，是指既发热又烦扰；懊恼，是指心中懊悔闷乱。白天活动属阳，夜晚卧床属阴，阳热未散，阴气未复，所以无法入睡。如果身热退去但心窝部结滞疼痛的……
栀子（十四枚） 淡豆豉（四合）。服用后令其微微呕吐（张仲景说：如果患者大便微溏，不可给予服用）。
这是作用于足太阳膀胱经和足阳明胃经的药物。烦是因为热邪偏胜，栀子味苦性寒，色赤入心经，所以作为君药。淡豆豉味苦能发散郁热，发酵而成故具“腐”性，能胜焦躁（肾气受热为热，心气受热为焦，豆豉经过蒸制而成，所以称为“腐”），辅助栀子涌吐虚烦，所以作为臣药。酸味和苦味具有涌泄作用，属于阴的性质。这是涌吐无形的虚烦，如果膈间有实邪，应当使用瓜蒂散（王海藏说：烦是气分病变，躁是血分病变，烦出于肺，躁出于肾，所以用栀子治疗肺之烦，用香豉治疗肾之躁。也用作涌吐药，因为邪气在上焦，涌吐则邪气消散，经文所谓“在上者因而越之”。有人问烦躁都是心引起的，为什么说烦出于肺，躁出于肾？回答说：热则烦，热甚则躁，烦属阳，躁属阴，大抵都是心火致病，火旺则金燥而水亏，只有火独存，所以肺肾合而为烦躁。按语：大便软者是涌吐证，大便秘结者是攻下证，如果大便微溏，不可服用，因为里虚寒在下，虽然有烦但不是蕴热。如果是宿食导致的烦躁，用栀子大黄汤主治）。
本方加入甘草，名为栀子甘草豉汤（张仲景）：治疗上述症状兼见少气的（甘味以补益之气）。本方加入生姜，名为栀子生姜豉汤（张仲景）：治疗上述症状兼见呕吐的（辛味以散之）。本方去除淡豆豉，加入干姜，名为栀子干姜汤（张仲景）：治疗伤寒误用下法，身热不去，轻微烦热的（栀子用以解热烦，干姜用以温补误下之寒）。本方去除淡豆豉，加入厚朴、枳实，名为栀子厚朴汤（张仲景）：治疗伤寒攻下后，心烦腹满（栀子涌吐虚烦，枳实、厚朴泄除腹满，也是表里双解的方法）。本方加入大黄、枳实，名为栀子大黄汤（张仲景）：治疗酒疸发黄，心中懊恼，或者热痛；也治疗伤寒因饮食不当复发（轻症消导，重症涌吐攻下）。本方加入枳实，名为枳实栀子豉汤（张仲景）：治疗伤寒劳复（伤寒刚痊愈，气血未平，余热未尽，因劳动引发的疾病称为劳复，因饮食引发的称为食复）。本方加入薤白，名为豉薤汤（张文仲）：治疗伤寒下利如烂肉汁，赤色黏滞下痢，伏气腹痛等各种热证（滞下即痢疾。栀豉苦寒，能升能散；薤白辛温，能开胸痹及大肠气滞）。本方加入犀角、大青，名为犀角大青汤：治疗斑毒热盛头痛。
Treats patients with deficiency and weakness accompanied by excessive phlegm-fluids obstructing the chest.
Ren Shen Lu (Ginseng Stalk), ground into powder, taken orally mixed with water, one or two qian. Alternatively, mix with Zhu Li (Bamboo Sap) for administration (Zhu Li lubricates and resolves phlegm).
This formula acts on the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian and Foot-Taiyin Bladder Meridian. The Classic states: "For pathogenic factors located superiorly, employ the method of vomiting." When phlegm-fluids are obstructed superiorly, the appropriate treatment is to induce vomiting. Since the patient is weak and emaciated, Ren Shen Lu is used instead of Li Lu (Veratrum Rhizome) or Gua Di (Melon Peduncle); its dispersing action contains a tonifying quality, preventing damage to Yuan Qi (Original Qi). (Zhu Danxi stated: Ren Shen tonifies Yin within Yang, whereas Ren Shen Lu rather drains the Taiyin.)
(Zhang Zhongjing)
Treats post-typhoid conditions following emesis or purgation, characterized by empty vexation, insomnia, severe cases involving restlessness and turning over, and a sensation of stifling discomfort in the epigastrium; as well as after severe purgation where body heat persists, accompanied by binding pain in the epigastrium, or phlegm lodged in the diaphragm region (After sweating, vomiting, or purging, Zheng Qi (Upright Qi) is deficient, allowing Xie Qi (Pathogenic Factors) to invade and bind in the chest due to deficiency, causing febrile vexation. Febrile vexation refers to heat combined with agitation; 'Ao Nao' refers to a feeling of remorseful stifling and oppression. Daytime activity corresponds to Yang, nighttime rest to Yin; since Yang heat has not dissipated and Yin Qi has not recovered, sleep is impossible. If body heat subsides but epigastric binding pain remains...)
Zhi Zi (Gardenia Fruit, 14 pods) Dan Chi (Light Fermented Soybean, 4 he). Administer to induce mild vomiting (Zhang Zhongjing stated: Do not administer if the patient's stool is slightly loose).
This formula acts on the Foot-Taiyin Bladder Meridian and Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. Vexation arises from excess heat. Zhi Zi is bitter and cold, red in color entering the Heart, thus serving as the Jun (Emperor) herb. Dan Chi is bitter and can disperse heat; its fermented nature counters scorched dryness (Kidney Qi becomes hot under heat influence, Heart Qi becomes scorched; Dou Chi is steamed and fermented, hence termed 'fermented'). It assists Zhi Zi in vomiting out empty vexation, thus serving as the Chen (Minister) herb. Sour and bitter flavors have the effect of涌泄 (vomiting and draining) and belong to Yin. This formula vomits out formless empty vexation; if there is substantial pathogen in the diaphragm, Gua Di San (Melon Peduncle Powder) should be used. (Wang Haicang stated: Vexation relates to Qi disorders, restlessness to Blood disorders; vexation originates from the Lung, restlessness from the Kidney. Hence, Zhi Zi treats Lung vexation, and Xiang Chi treats Kidney restlessness. It is also used as an emetic because pathogens are in the Upper Jiao; vomiting disperses the pathogen, as the Classic says, "For superior locations, use the method of rising/vomiting." One might ask: Since both vexation and restlessness stem from the Heart, why say vexation comes from the Lung and restlessness from the Kidney? The answer is: Heat causes vexation, extreme heat causes restlessness. Vexation is Yang, restlessness is Yin. Generally, these are diseases of Heart Fire. When Fire is exuberant, Metal becomes dry and Water becomes deficient, leaving Fire alone. Thus, Lung and Kidney combine to produce vexation and restlessness. Note: Loose stools indicate an indication for vomiting; constipation indicates an indication for purging. If stools are slightly loose, do not administer, as there is interior deficiency-cold below; although there is vexation, it is not accumulated heat. If vexation and restlessness are caused by retained food, Zhi Zi Da Huang Tang (Gardenia and Rhubarb Decoction) is indicated.)
Adding Gan Cao (Licorice Root) to this formula creates Zhi Zi Gan Cao Chi Tang (Gardenia, Licorice, and Fermented Soybean Decoction) (Zhang Zhongjing): Treats the aforementioned symptoms accompanied by shortness of breath (Sweet flavor tonifies Qi). Adding Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger) creates Zhi Zi Sheng Jiang Chi Tang (Gardenia, Fresh Ginger, and Fermented Soybean Decoction) (Zhang Zhongjing): Treats the aforementioned symptoms accompanied by vomiting (Pungent flavor disperses). Removing Dan Chi and adding Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger) creates Zhi Zi Gan Jiang Tang (Gardenia and Dried Ginger Decoction) (Zhang Zhongjing): Treats typhoid mistakenly treated with purgation, resulting in persistent body heat and slight vexation (Zhi Zi clears heat and relieves vexation; Gan Jiang warms the interior damaged by erroneous purgation). Removing Dan Chi and adding Hou Po (Magnolia Bark) and Zhi Shi (Immature Bitter Orange) creates Zhi Zi Hou Po Tang (Gardenia, Magnolia Bark, and Immature Bitter Orange Decoction) (Zhang Zhongjing): Treats typhoid after purgation, presenting with vexation and abdominal fullness (Zhi Zi vomits empty vexation; Zhi Shi and Hou Po drain abdominal fullness; this is also a method of resolving both exterior and interior simultaneously). Adding Da Huang (Rhubarb Root) and Zhi Shi creates Zhi Zi Da Huang Tang (Gardenia and Rhubarb Decoction) (Zhang Zhongjing): Treats wine jaundice with yellowing, stifling discomfort in the heart, or painful heat; also treats typhoid recurrence due to dietary indiscretion (Mild cases use digestion-promoting methods, severe cases use vomiting and purging). Adding Zhi Shi creates Zhi Shi Zhi Zi Chi Tang (Immature Bitter Orange, Gardenia, and Fermented Soybean Decoction) (Zhang Zhongjing): Treats typhoid recurrence due to exertion (After typhoid recovery, when Qi and Blood are not yet balanced and residual heat remains, illness induced by labor is called Lao Fu (Exertion Recurrence); illness induced by diet is called Shi Fu (Dietary Recurrence)). Adding Xie Bai (Macrostemon Bulb) creates Chi Xie Tang (Fermented Soybean and Macrostemon Decoction) (Zhang Wenzhong): Treats typhoid diarrhea resembling rotten meat juice, bloody dysentery, latent qi abdominal pain, and various heat syndromes (Zhi Xia refers to dysentery. Zhi Zi and Dan Chi are bitter and cold, capable of ascending and dispersing; Xie Bai is pungent and warm, capable of opening chest bi and relieving Large Intestine Qi stagnation). Adding Xi Jiao (Rhinoceros Horn - *Note: Substitute with Buffalo Horn in modern practice*) and Da Qing (Isatis Leaf) creates Xi Jiao Da Qing Tang (Rhinoceros Horn and Isatis Decoction): Treats toxic macules with intense heat and headache.