（海藏）
治肺伤气极，劳热久嗽，吐痰吐血（气极∶六极之一也。肺主气，元气虚则阴火盛，壮
火
紫菀（洗净、炒） 阿胶（蛤粉炒成珠） 知母 贝母（一钱） 桔梗 人参 茯苓 甘
草（
此手太阴药也。劳而久嗽，肺虚可知，即有热证，皆虚火也。海藏以保肺为君，故用紫
菀、阿胶（二药润肺补虚，消痰止嗽）；以清火为臣，故用知母、贝母（二药辛寒，润燥消
痰）；以参苓为佐者，扶土所以生金；以甘桔为使者，载药上行脾肺（桔梗载诸药上行，而
能清肺，甘草辅
（直指）
治肺痿骨蒸，或寒或热成劳，咳嗽声嗄不出，体虚自汗，四肢倦怠。（肺痿，有火热伤
肺而得之者，有肺气虚寒而得之者。骨蒸，骨里蒸蒸然热，阴虚也；咳嗽，阴火乘肺也；或
寒或热
柴胡（二钱） 秦艽 人参 当归 鳖甲（炙） 地骨皮（钱半） 紫菀 半夏 甘草
（炙。
此手太阴、足少阳药也。柴胡、秦艽散表邪兼清里热（柴胡解肌热，秦艽退骨蒸），鳖
甲、地骨滋阴血而退骨蒸（地骨皮凉血，退有汗骨蒸），参草补气，当归和血，紫菀理痰嗽
（润肺除痰），半夏发音声（肺属金、声之所从出也。有物实之，则金不鸣，燥湿除痰，则
金清而声自开矣。有声嘶而哑者，肺已损也，难治）。表里交治，气血兼调，为扶羸良剂（透
肌解热，柴胡、秦艽、干葛为要剂，故骨蒸方中多用之。寇宗 曰∶柴胡《本经》并无一字
治劳，甄权、大明并言补虚劳，医家执而用之，贻害无穷。李时珍曰∶劳有五，若劳在肝、
胆、心、心包有热，或少阳经寒热，则柴胡乃手足厥阴、少阳必用之药；劳在脾胃有热，或
阳气下陷，则柴胡为退热升清必用之药；惟劳在肺肾者，不可用耳，寇氏一概摈斥，殊非通
论。昂按∶杨氏此方，用柴胡为君，则肺劳亦有用之者矣。大抵柴胡能退热升清，宣畅气血。
昔孙琳治劳疟，而曰∶热有在皮肤、在脏腑、在骨髓。在骨髓者，非柴胡不除；则柴胡亦有
退骨蒸之力矣，况有滋补之药以辅之乎。《直指方》又云∶柴胡之退热，不及黄芩。李时珍
曰∶黄芩之
治疗肺脏受损、元气极度虚弱，因虚劳导致的长期咳嗽，伴有咳痰或吐血。（所谓“气极”，是六极之一。肺主司气，若元气虚弱，则阴火亢盛，壮火食气。）
紫菀（洗净、炒制）、阿胶（用蛤粉炒至成珠状）、知母、贝母（各一钱）、桔梗、人参、茯苓、甘草（炙）。
此方为手太阴肺经的药物组成。因劳累而久咳，可知肺气已虚；即使有热象，也皆属虚火。海藏以保肺为君药，故使用紫菀、阿胶（这两味药能润肺补虚，消除痰液并止嗽）；以清火为臣药，故使用知母、贝母（这两味药性辛寒，能润燥消痰）；用人参、茯苓作为佐药，是因为培补脾胃（土）可以生养肺金；用甘草、桔梗作为使药，引导药力上行至脾肺（桔梗能载诸药上行，并能清肺；甘草辅助……[原文此处截断]）
（《直指方》）
治疗肺痿、骨蒸潮热，或因寒热错杂而成虚劳，出现咳嗽、声音嘶哑甚至失音，身体虚弱自汗，四肢倦怠无力。（肺痿，有的是因火热伤肺所致，有的是因肺气虚寒所致。骨蒸，指感觉骨头里热气蒸腾，属于阴虚；咳嗽，是阴火乘袭肺脏所致；或寒或热……[原文此处截断]）
柴胡（二钱）、秦艽、人参、当归、鳖甲（炙）、地骨皮（一钱半）、紫菀、半夏、甘草（炙）。
此方涉及手太阴肺经和足少阳胆经的药物。柴胡、秦艽疏散表邪兼清里热（柴胡解除肌表之热，秦艽退除骨蒸之热）；鳖甲、地骨皮滋养阴血以退骨蒸（地骨皮凉血，退除有汗的骨蒸）；人参、甘草补气，当归调和血液，紫菀理气化痰止咳（润肺除痰），半夏开音发声（肺属金，声音由此发出。若有物阻滞，则金不鸣；燥湿除痰后，金气清肃，声音自然通畅。若是声嘶且哑者，说明肺已受损，难以治疗）。此方表里同治，气血兼顾，是扶助羸弱的良好方剂（透散肌肉之热，解肌清热，柴胡、秦艽、干葛是关键药物，因此在骨蒸方中多用之。寇宗奭说：《神农本草经》中并无一字提到柴胡治疗劳损，甄权、苏颂均言其补虚劳，医家固执地使用它，造成无穷危害。李时珍说：劳损分为五种，若劳损在肝、胆、心、心包且有热，或少阳经寒热往来，则柴胡是手足厥阴、少阳经必用的药物；若劳损在脾胃有热，或阳气下陷，则柴胡是退热升清必用的药物；只有劳损在肺肾者，不可使用。寇氏一概排斥，并非通达之论。汪昂按语：杨氏此方，以柴胡为君药，则说明肺劳也有使用柴胡的情况。大抵柴胡能退热升清，宣畅气血。昔日孙琳治疗劳疟时说：热邪有的在皮肤，有的在脏腑，有的在骨髓。在骨髓的热邪，非柴胡不能去除；那么柴胡也有退除骨蒸的力量了，何况还有滋补药物来辅助呢？《直指方》又说：柴胡退热的效果不如黄芩。李时珍说：黄芩的……[原文此处截断]）
(Zhang Yuansu, styled Haizang)
Treats lung injury with extreme qi exhaustion, chronic cough due to deficiency-heat and consumptive disease, accompanied by expectoration or hemoptysis. ("Qi extremity" is one of the Six Extremities. The Lung governs Qi; when Yuan Qi (Original Qi) is deficient, Yin Fire becomes hyperactive, and vigorous Fire consumes Qi.)
Zi Wan (Asteris Radix, washed and stir-fried), E Jiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin, stir-fried with chalk powder until bead-like), Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Bei Mu (Fritillariae Bulbus, 1 qian each), Jie Geng (Platycodonis Radix), Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Fu Ling (Poria), Gan Cao (Licorice Root, processed).
This prescription consists of herbs belonging to the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. Chronic cough due to overwork indicates Lung Qi deficiency; even if heat symptoms are present, they all stem from Deficiency-Fire. Haizang uses Lung-nourishing herbs as the Sovereign (Monarch) drugs, thus employing Zi Wan and E Jiao (these two herbs moisten the Lung, tonify deficiency, eliminate phlegm, and stop cough); uses Fire-clearing herbs as the Minister (Deputy) drugs, thus employing Zhi Mu and Bei Mu (these two herbs are acrid and cold, moisten dryness, and eliminate phlegm); employs Ren Shen and Fu Ling as the Assistant (Envoy) herbs, because strengthening Spleen/Earth generates Lung/Metal; employs Gan Cao and Jie Geng as the Guide (Courier) herbs, carrying the medicinal power upward to the Spleen and Lung (Jie Geng carries other herbs upward and clears the Lung; Gan Cao assists... [text truncated here]).
(The Zhizhi Fang / Direct Guidance Formulary)
Treats Lung萎 (Lung Flaccidity) and bone-steaming tidal fever, or consumptive disease resulting from alternating chills and fever, characterized by cough, hoarseness or aphonia, physical weakness with spontaneous sweating, and fatigue in the four limbs. (Lung Flaccidity may result from fire-heat injuring the Lung or from Lung Qi deficiency and cold. Bone-steaming refers to a sensation of steaming heat within the bones, indicating Yin deficiency; cough is caused by Yin Fire attacking the Lung; alternating chills and fever... [text truncated here].)
Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix, 2 qian), Qin Jiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix), Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Bie Jia (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum, roasted), Di Gu Pi (Lycii Cortex, 1.5 qian), Zi Wan (Asteris Radix), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Gan Cao (Licorice Root, processed).
This prescription involves herbs of the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian and Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian. Chai Hu and Qin Jiao disperse exterior pathogens and clear interior heat simultaneously (Chai Hu resolves muscle-layer heat, Qin Jiao eliminates bone-steaming); Bie Jia and Di Gu Pi nourish Yin and Blood to eliminate bone-steaming (Di Gu Pi cools blood and eliminates bone-steaming with sweating); Ren Shen and Gan Cao tonify Qi, Dang Gui harmonizes Blood, Zi Wan regulates phlegm and stops cough (moistens Lung and eliminates phlegm), Ban Xia restores voice (The Lung belongs to Metal, from which sound emerges. If obstructed, Metal does not resonate; eliminating dampness and phlegm clarifies Metal, allowing voice to open naturally. Hoarseness with aphonia indicates Lung damage, which is difficult to treat). This formula treats both interior and exterior, harmonizing both Qi and Blood, making it an excellent remedy for supporting the emaciated (To penetrate muscle and resolve heat, Chai Hu, Qin Jiao, and Ge Gen are key agents, hence frequently used in bone-steaming formulas. Kou Zongshi stated: The *Shennong Bencao Jing* contains no word regarding Chai Hu treating consumptive disease; Zhen Quan and Su Song both claimed it tonifies deficiency and treats consumptive disease. Physicians who rigidly use it cause endless harm. Li Shizhen stated: Consumptive disease has five types. If the consumption involves Liver, Gallbladder, Heart, or Pericardium with heat, or Shaoy meridian chills and fever, then Chai Hu is an essential herb for the Hand-Foot Jueyin and Shaoyang meridians; if consumption involves Stomach and Spleen with heat, or sinking of Yang Qi, then Chai Hu is essential for clearing heat and raising clear Yang; only when consumption involves Lung and Kidney should it be avoided. Kou's blanket rejection is not a comprehensive view. Wang Ang notes: In Yang Shi's formula, using Chai Hu as the Sovereign drug implies that Lung consumption can also utilize it. Generally, Chai Hu clears heat, raises clear Yang, and promotes the free flow of Qi and Blood. Sun Lin previously treated consumptive malaria, stating: Heat may reside in the skin, organs, or marrow. For heat in the marrow, only Chai Hu can remove it; thus Chai Hu also possesses the power to eliminate bone-steaming, especially when assisted by tonifying herbs. The *Zhizhi Fang* further states: Chai Hu's heat-clearing efficacy is inferior to Huang Qin. Li Shizhen stated: Huang Qin's... [text truncated here].)