桂枝汤治太阳风，芍药甘草姜枣同，桂麻相合名各半，太阳如疟此为功。麻黄汤中用桂枝，杏仁甘草四般施，发热恶寒头项痛，伤寒服此汗淋漓。大青龙汤桂麻黄，杏草石膏姜枣藏，太阳无汗兼烦躁，风寒两解此为良。小青龙汤治水气，喘咳呕哕渴利慰，姜桂麻黄芍药甘，细辛半夏兼五味。葛根汤内麻黄襄，二味加入桂枝汤，邪入经输因无汗，有汗加葛去麻黄。五苓散治太阳腑，白术泽泻猪茯苓，膀胱化气添官桂，利便消暑烦渴宁；除桂名为四苓散，无寒但渴服之灵。猪苓汤除桂与术，加入滑阿渴热平。桃仁承气五般奇，甘草硝黄桂枝随，热结膀胱小腹胀，如狂蓄血最相宜。生姜泻心草连芩，半夏干姜大枣参，除却人参倍甘草，甘草泻心虚热平。大陷胸汤大黄硝，甘遂为末二味调；小陷胸汤治小结，黄连半夏括蒌饶。三物白散巴豆熬，贝母桔梗倍用饶，白汤和服一钱七，膈上必吐膈下消。十枣汤治水气痞，芫花甘遂大戟与，三皆研末枣汤和，中焦水饮力能去。柴胡桂枝干姜汤，花粉牡蛎芩草襄，已经汗下胸胁满，寒热渴烦宜此方。旋覆代赭用人参，半夏草姜大枣临，重以镇逆咸软坚，痞硬噫气力能禁。
(原注：阳明主里，外候肌肉，内候胃中。阳明病欲解，时从中至戌上，)
何谓阳明经证曰身热、目痛、鼻干、不得眠、脉浮长，不恶寒、反恶热是也。若兼头痛恶寒，是太阳证未罢也，宜葛根汤；若无头痛恶寒，但见壮热口渴者，是已罢太阳，为阳明经本证也，宜白虎汤。
何谓阳明腑证曰潮热谵语、手足腋下濈濈然汗出、腹满痛、大便硬是也。
本太阳证治之失法，亡其津液，致太阳之标热合阳明之燥气，脾中精液为其所烁而穷约，谓之脾约，其证小便数、大便硬，此太阳阳明也，宜麻仁丸。
本少阳证治之失法，亡其津液，致少阳之火邪乘胃热而转属阳明，大便为难，此少阳阳明也，宜蜜煎猪胆汁导之。
病人阳气素盛，或有宿食，外邪传入，遂归胃腑，此正阳阳明也，宜三承气汤下之。
(原注：阳明证有呕多者，有硬满止在心下者，有阳气怫郁于表而面赤者，俱不可下。)
伤寒六七日，目中不了了、睛不和、大便难、身微热者，急下之；阳明病发热汗多者，急下之；发汗不解、腹满痛者，急下之，俱宜大承气汤。若汗后而蒸蒸发热、吐后而腹胀满者，宜调胃承气汤。若汗吐下后，亡其精液、微烦、小便数、大便硬者，宜小承气汤。
阳明证诸方歌
白虎汤用石膏煨，知母甘草粳米陪，益以人参生津液，躁烦热渴舌生胎。大承气汤用芒硝，枳实大黄厚朴饶(原注：加人参、熟地，名黄龙汤)；去硝名为小承气，痞硬谵狂在上焦(小承气汤)；益以羌活名三化(汤)，中风闭实服之消(小承气汤)；若加芍药麻仁杏，脾约便难服之高。
调胃承气硝黄草，甘缓微和将胃保，不用枳朴伤上焦，中焦燥实服之好。
(原注：少阳主半表半里，不可汗下，法宜和解。少阳病欲解，时从寅至辰上。)
少阳之为病，口苦、咽干、目眩、脉弦是也。若寒热往来、胸胁苦满、默默不欲食。心烦喜呕，为虚火证，宜小柴胡汤。若心中痞硬、郁郁微烦，呕不止者，为实火证，宜大柴胡汤。呕而误下、痞满不痛者，宜半夏泻心汤。
邪已入里、胆火下攻于脾而自利者，宜黄芩汤。胆火上逆于胃而为呕者，宜黄芩汤加半夏、生姜。(原注：以上四证，皆寒热相搏于中也。)
少阳证诸方歌
小柴胡汤和解供，半夏人参甘草从，更用黄芩生姜枣，少阳百病此为宗。大柴胡汤用大黄，枳实芍芩半夏将，煎加姜枣表兼里，妙法内攻并外攘。半夏泻心干姜草，芩连人参与大枣，误下少阳发热呕，痞满心烦服之巧。黄连汤内用干姜，半夏人参甘草藏，更入桂枝兼大枣，寒热平调呕痛亡。黄芩汤里甘芍枣，少阳下利火邪扰，呕益生姜与半夏，胆邪上逆能治疗。
(原注：太阴为湿土，纯阴之脏也。太阴病欲解，时从亥至丑上信)
太阴邪从阴化之证，腹满吐食、自利、不渴、手足自温、脉沉迟是也，理中汤主之。不愈，宜四逆辈。(原注：凡利则津液下注，多见口渴，惟太阴湿土之病不渴。太阴邪从阳化之证，发汗后不解，腹痛，急下之，宜大承气汤；腹满时痛时止者，桂枝汤加芍药主之；大实痛者，桂枝汤加大黄主之。)
太阴证方歌
理中汤主理中乡，甘草人参术黑姜；吐利腹痛阴寒盛，或加附子总扶阳。(原注：理中汤加黄连、茯芩，名连理汤，治伤暑渴泻。)
(原注：肾中水火同具，邪伤其经，或从水化，或从火化，故有寒热二证。少阴病欲解，时从子至寅上。)
何谓少阴之邪从水化而为寒曰：脉沉细而微、但欲寐、背恶寒、口中和、腹痛下利清谷、小便白是也，用回阳法治之。
手足厥冷、吐利、小便复利、下利清谷、脉微欲绝者，宜四逆汤。若内寒外热、面赤咽痛，或干呕利止、脉不出、汗出脉微而厥者，宜通脉四逆汤。(原注：假热证宜细认，于脉微、肢厥处辨之。)
少阴下利脉微者，宜白通汤。利不止、厥逆无脉、干呕而烦，白通加人尿猪胆汁汤主之。汗下后不解，烦躁者，茯苓四逆汤主之。
少阴病至四五日，腹痛、小便不利、四肢重肿、自下利，此水气也，宜真武汤。
少阴病得之二三日，口中和、背恶寒者，宜附子汤。若脉沉、手足寒、一身骨节痛者，亦宜附子汤；上吐下利、手足逆冷、烦躁欲死者，吴茱萸汤治之。
何谓少阴之邪从火化而为热曰：脉沉细而数、但欲寐、内烦外躁、或不卧、口中热、下利清水、小便赤是也，用救阴法治之。
少阴病二三日，火逆咽痛者，宜甘草桔梗汤。若咽中伤生疮、不能言语、声不出者，苦酒汤主之。若寒郁咽中痛者，半夏散主之。若下利、咽痛、胸满心烦者，猪肤汤主之。(原注：猪肤四两，水煎，去渣，加白蜜半盏、米粉二钱，熬匀，服。)
少阴病四逆，或咳，或悸，或小便不利，或腹中痛，或泄利下重者，四逆散主之。
少阴病得之二三日，口燥咽干者，急下之；六七日腹胀不大便者，急下之，自利清水色纯青、心下痛、口干燥者，急下之，俱宜大承气汤。(原注：此少阴急下三证也。)
少阴证诸方歌
四逆汤中姜附草，三阴厥逆太阳沉；或益姜葱参芍桔，通阳复脉力能任。白通姜附与葱白，或加人尿猪胆汁；热因寒用妙义深，阴盛格阳厥无脉。茯苓四逆人参草，附子干姜同煎好；已经汗下仍烦躁，用此回阳病自了。真武汤壮肾中阳，茯苓术芍附生姜；少阴腹痛有水气，悸眩隅惕保安康。附子汤中术茯苓，人参芍药共煎斟；少阴身疼骨节痛，手足厥寒六脉沉。吴茱萸汤人参枣，重用生姜温胃好；阳明寒呕少阴利，厥阴头痛皆能保。少阴脉沉反发热，麻黄附子细辛汤；若二三日无里证，麻黄附子甘草汤，苦酒汤将半夏煎，一枚鸡子用黄添，半夏散兼桂枝草，水煎冷服寒郁痊。黄连阿胶救阴伤，芩芍加入鸡子黄，桃花汤用干姜米，赤石脂末调服良。
(原注：厥阴为木之脏，从热化者多，从寒化者少，以木中有火故也。厥阴病欲解，时从丑至卯上。)
厥阴之为病，消渴，气上撞心，心中疼热，饥而不欲食，食则吐蛔，下之利不止。吐蛔而厥者，乌梅丸主之。久利手足厥寒、脉微欲绝者，当归四逆汤主之。吐下格阳，欲饮即吐者，干姜黄连黄芩人参汤主之。厥逆腹痛、泄利下重者，宜四逆散。热利下重、欲饮水者，白头翁汤主之(原注：白头翁三钱，黄柏二钱，黄连一钱，秦皮钱半)。
脉滑而厥、欲饮水数升者，宜白虎汤。脉结代、心动悸者，宜炙甘草汤。
伤寒阳脉涩阴脉弦，法当腹中急痛，先与小建中汤；不瘥者，小柴胡汤主之。伤寒厥而心下悸者，当先治水，宜茯苓桂枝甘草生姜汤。
厥阴证诸方歌
乌梅丸用细辛桂(枝)，人参附子椒姜配，黄连黄柏及当归，温脏安蛔寒厥退。当归四逆桂枝芍，细辛甘草木通著，再加大枣治厥阴，脉细阳虚由血弱。内有久寒加姜茱，发表温中通脉络。
四逆散中用柴胡，芍药枳实甘草扶，此是阳邪成厥逆，养阴泻热在通疏。
炙甘草汤桂枝参、麦冬生地大麻仁，姜枣阿胶加酒服，心虚脉代结如神。
小建中汤芍药多，桂姜甘草大枣和，加入饴糖补中气，阴虚腹痛服之瘥(原注：小建中汤加黄耆，名黄耆建中汤，治里虚脉急；加当归，名当归建中汤，治血虚)。
《医脉摘要》卷上终
医脉摘要卷下
望面色
额属心火；颐属肾水；左颊肝木；右颊肺金；鼻居中央，脾土是应。青是肝邪，白为肺病，赤乃心热，黄主脾败。(原注：凡面色黄中见青者，肝木乘脾土也，宜平肝扶脾。)若见黑色，肾损可虑。色周于面者，辨其有神无神；色分于部者，审其相生相克。暗淡者，病从内生；紫浊者，邪从外受；憔悴者，郁多；瘦黄者，病久；山根明亮，乃为欲愈之疴；环口黑黧，休医，已绝之肾。(原注：色青为痛，色黑为劳，色赤为风，色黄为便难，色鲜明有留饮。)至如舌卷，囊缩，口张，唇反，发直，齿枯，手撒，目盲，声如鼾睡，口吐白沫，或直视而遗尿，或眉倾而爪脱，或阳绝而汗出如珠，或脾败而泄利无度，皆不治之证也。(原注：惟热证齿燥者，尚可清、可下而愈。)
色青白者风邪，风甚则手足瘈疭。色青黑者寒痛，寒极则舌卷、囊缩。发热头痛而面赤者，阳气怫郁也。烦渴多汗而面赤者，阳明热甚也。足冷面赤者，戴阳也。午后颧赤者，虚火也。白主气虚，多是脱血之候。黑为肾病，半系阴寒之征。黄为脾土正色，须有赤白相兼。黄而明者，湿热也；黄而暗者，湿寒也。
望舌
(原注：凡舌肿、重舌、木舌，皆热甚也。舌硬、舌强、舌卷、舌短缩，皆危证也。若舌出数寸，舌边如锯齿者，不治。)
舌为心苗连脾经，红润淡黄病不生，白胎表证黄黑里，(黑)干裂热邪(黑)润耗精。
白胎者邪伤气分，胸中有寒也。宜发表和解，不宜攻下。若白胎而燥渴者，温热病也；白胎如积粉者，时疫证也。邪入胃府，则白胎中黄；邪传少阴，则白中变黑。白胎兼两路黄者，合病也；白中兼两路黑者，夹阴也。白胎多而黄黑胎少、滑润而不燥渴者，表证多也；黑胎多而白胎少，或生芒刺干燥者，里证多也。或尖白根黄，或白根黑，或中心黄黑而滑润，边白，皆半表半里证也。又有伤寒坏病，厚白而燥裂者，邪耗津液也；胃阳素虚，纯白而胎滑者，膈有寒饮也。惟白胎厚如煮熟色者，由里挟寒物留滞不散，心脾气亏而肺气乘之也，用枳实理中汤，间有生者。
黄胎者，阳明腑实也。黄而湿者，热尚浅，不宜便攻。黄而燥者，热已深，可以用下。若黄而生芒刺黑点，甚至办裂者，乃热极液干，下证尤急也；有根黄而边尖白、短缩不能伸出者，痰饮夹食也，小承气汤加生姜半夏主之。有胎厚而中青紫、纹裂而舌不干者，阴证夹食也，大承气合附子汁下之(原注：此温下法也)。黑胎，乃少阴肾色。黑而焦裂者，火极似炭之热胎也，宜下之。黑而滑润者，水来克火之寒胎也，当温之。若汗下伤阴、神昏耳聋、舌虽黑而无积胎者，此津枯血燥也，宜炙甘草汤，或六味合生脉散。若夏月中暑，脉虚、口渴、舌中黑而边红润者，此时火燔灼也，宜白虎汤加人参竹叶。(原注：津枯，舌黑而无积胎者，可用温病中之复脉汤。)
灰黑色者，足三阴互病。如以青黄和入黑中，则为灰色也，始由白黄胎而灰黑，或生芒刺、黑点、纹裂干燥者，下证也；淡灰色中起深黑重晕者，温病热病也，宜凉膈散、双解散治之。若初病便见灰色，舌润无胎，此内有寒食，水饮蓄血也，当随证治之。又有感冒夹食，屡经汗下、消导，二便已通，而舌上灰黑未退、润而不燥者，此津液过伤、虚火上炎之象也，急宜养阴。(原注：此证不知而再下，即死。大抵传经热证，灰黑干胎者，皆当攻下泄热，直中三阴。灰黑无胎者，当温经散寒。)
舌红者，心之正色也。红极而鲜，为湿热蕴于心胃及瘟疫热毒内盛也，宜解毒汤、白虎汤。红中有白胎者，夹寒也；红中夹两路灰胎者，温热夹食也；红中有黑胎者，热毒入少阴也；红极有黄黑芒刺者，热毒入腑也；红极有紫黑斑及遍身发斑者，阳毒入心也；红中有紫疮、白疱、裂纹、星点者，皆火炎之象也。惟舌柔嫩如新生，望之似润而实燥涸者，由汗下太过，津液耗竭也，急服生津等药。
紫色者，酒色伤寒或热瘀血分也。深紫而赤者，是阳热酒毒宜用苦寒药解之。淡紫而青润者，是肝肾阴寒，宜吴萸四逆汤温之。若紫中有红斑，或干黄，或灰黑，或短缩者，宜凉膈散。若全紫而干，如煮热猪肝者，难治。
桂枝汤用于治疗太阳中风证，由芍药、甘草、生姜、大枣与桂枝组成。若将桂枝汤与麻黄汤各取一半合方，称为桂枝麻黄各半汤，适用于太阳病症状类似疟疾、寒热交替的情况。麻黄汤中使用桂枝、杏仁和甘草共四味药，主治发热、恶寒、头痛及项强等伤寒症状，服用后可使身体大汗淋漓而解。大青龙汤包含桂枝、麻黄、杏仁、甘草、石膏、生姜和大枣，适用于太阳病无汗且伴有烦躁的症状，能同时解除风寒之邪，疗效良好。小青龙汤主要用于治疗水饮内停引起的喘咳、呕吐、口渴或腹泻等症状，其药物组成为生姜、桂枝、麻黄、芍药、甘草、细辛、半夏和五味子。葛根汤是在桂枝汤的基础上加入麻黄和葛根两味药而成，适用于邪气侵入经络输脉且无汗的情况；若有汗出，则应去掉麻黄，保留葛根。五苓散用于治疗太阳腑证（膀胱气化不利），由白术、泽泻、猪苓和茯苓组成，加入官桂以助膀胱气化，具有利小便、消暑气、缓解烦渴的功效；若去除官桂，则称为四苓散，适用于没有表寒但感到口渴的患者，服用有效。猪苓汤则是去掉了五苓散中的官桂和白术，加入了滑石和阿胶，用于平息因热盛伤阴导致的口渴。桃仁承气汤由桃仁、大黄、芒硝、甘草和桂枝五味药组成，适用于热邪结聚于膀胱引起的小腹胀痛，以及神志如狂的蓄血证，最为适宜。生姜泻心汤由生姜、黄连、黄芩、半夏、干姜、大枣和人参组成；若去掉人参并将甘草用量加倍，则变为甘草泻心汤，用于治疗虚热痞满。大陷胸汤由大黄和芒硝组成，另加甘遂研末调服；小陷胸汤用于治疗小结胸证，由黄连、半夏和瓜蒌组成。三物白散由巴豆、贝母和桔梗组成，其中贝母和桔梗用量倍于巴豆，用白米汤送服一钱七分，可促使膈上痰涎吐出，膈下水饮消散。十枣汤用于治疗水饮停聚形成的痞证，由芫花、甘遂和大戟组成，三药均研为粉末，用大枣煎汤送服，能强力祛除中焦的水饮。柴胡桂枝干姜汤由柴胡、桂枝、干姜、天花粉、牡蛎、黄芩和甘草组成，适用于已经经过发汗或攻下治疗后，仍出现胸胁胀满、寒热往来、口渴心烦的患者。旋覆代赭汤用人参、旋覆花、代赭石，并配合半夏、甘草、生姜和大枣，利用重镇之品降逆止呕，咸味软坚散结，能有效消除胃脘痞硬和嗳气症状。
（原注：阳明经主里，外候肌肉，内候胃腑。阳明病欲解之时，从中午至傍晚戌时。）
什么是阳明经证？表现为身体发热、眼睛疼痛、鼻子干燥、无法入睡、脉象浮长，不恶寒反而恶热。如果兼有头痛和恶寒，说明太阳表证尚未解除，宜用葛根汤；如果没有头痛恶寒，只见到高热和口渴，说明太阳表证已罢，属于阳明经的本证，宜用白虎汤。
什么是阳明腑证？表现为潮热、说胡话（谵语）、手足及腋下持续出汗、腹部胀满疼痛、大便干硬。
原本患太阳病，治疗不当，导致津液耗损，致使太阳的标热与阳明的燥气相结合，脾中的精液被灼烧而枯竭约束，称为“脾约”，症状表现为小便频数、大便干硬，这属于太阳阳明合病，宜用麻仁丸。
原本患少阳病，治疗不当，导致津液耗损，致使少阳的火邪乘入胃热而转属阳明，大便困难，这属于少阳阳明合病，宜用蜜煎或猪胆汁导法通便。
病人阳气素来旺盛，或有宿食停滞，外邪传入体内，最终归并于胃腑，这称为正阳阳明，宜用三承气汤攻下。
（原注：阳明证中有呕吐频繁的，有硬满仅局限于心下的，有阳气怫郁在体表而面色发红的，这些情况都不可使用攻下法。）
伤寒病六七天，眼睛视物不清、眼球转动不灵活、大便困难、身体微热的，需急用攻下法；阳明病发热且汗出多的，需急用攻下法；发汗后病不解、腹部胀满疼痛的，需急用攻下法，这些都宜用大承气汤。如果是发汗后出现蒸蒸发热、呕吐后出现腹胀满的，宜用调胃承气汤。如果是发汗、催吐、攻下之后，津液耗损、轻微心烦、小便频数、大便干硬的，宜用小承气汤。
阳明证诸方歌诀
白虎汤使用煅石膏，配伍知母、甘草和粳米，若加入人参可生津液，适用于躁动烦渴、舌生苔的病症。大承气汤使用芒硝，配伍枳实、大黄和厚朴（原注：若加入人参、熟地，名为黄龙汤）；去掉芒硝名为小承气汤，适用于痞硬、谵语、狂躁在上焦的病证（小承气汤）；若加入羌活名为三化汤，适用于中风闭实证，服用后可消除病邪（小承气汤加减）；若再加入芍药、麻仁、杏仁，适用于脾约导致的大便困难，服用效果极佳。
调胃承气汤由芒硝、大黄和甘草组成，性质甘缓，微微调和以保护胃气，不使用枳实、厚朴以免损伤上焦，适用于中焦燥实之证，服用效果好。
（原注：少阳经主半表半里，不可使用发汗或攻下法，治法宜和解。少阳病欲解之时，从清晨寅时至上午辰时。）
少阳病的表现是口苦、咽干、目眩、脉弦。如果出现寒热往来、胸胁部苦闷胀满、沉默不想吃东西、心烦喜呕，属于虚火证，宜用小柴胡汤。如果心中痞硬、郁郁微烦、呕吐不止，属于实火证，宜用大柴胡汤。呕吐且误用攻下法后，出现痞满但不痛的，宜用半夏泻心汤。
邪气已入里、胆火下攻于脾导致自发性腹泻的，宜用黄芩汤。胆火上逆于胃导致呕吐的，宜用黄芩汤加半夏、生姜。（原注：以上四种证候，都是寒热相搏结于中焦所致。）
少阳证诸方歌诀
小柴胡汤用于和解少阳，由半夏、人参、甘草组成基础，再加黄芩、生姜和大枣，是治疗少阳各类疾病的宗方。大柴胡汤使用大黄，配伍枳实、芍药、黄芩和半夏，煎煮时加入生姜和大枣，既能解表又能治里，妙在内攻外攘。半夏泻心汤由干姜、甘草、黄芩、黄连、人参和大枣组成，适用于误下少阳后出现的发热、呕吐、痞满、心烦，服用巧妙见效。黄连汤内用干姜、半夏、人参、甘草，再加入桂枝和大枣，能平调寒热，治疗呕吐和腹痛。黄芩汤里有甘草、芍药和大枣，用于少阳下利因火邪扰动，若呕吐加重，加生姜和半夏，能治疗胆邪上逆。
（原注：太阴属湿土，是纯阴之脏。太阴病欲解之时，从亥时至丑时。）
太阴病邪从阴化寒的证候，表现为腹部胀满、呕吐饮食、自发性腹泻、口不渴、手足自然温暖、脉象沉迟，宜用理中汤主治。若无效，宜用四逆汤类方剂。（原注：凡是腹泻都会导致津液下注，多见口渴，只有太阴湿土之病才不渴。太阴病邪从阳化热的证候，发汗后病不解，出现腹痛，需急用攻下法，宜用大承气汤；若腹部胀满，疼痛时有时无，宜用桂枝汤加芍药主治；若疼痛剧烈属实证的，宜用桂枝汤加大黄主治。）
太阴证方歌诀
理中汤主要调理中焦，由甘草、人参、白术和黑姜组成；若出现呕吐、腹泻、腹痛且阴寒盛极，或加入附子，总以扶助阳气为主。（原注：理中汤加入黄连、茯苓，名为连理汤，治疗伤暑引起的口渴腹泻。）
（原注：肾中水火同具，邪气伤害其经脉，或从水化寒，或从火化热，故有寒热两种证候。少阴病欲解之时，从子时至寅时。）
什么是少阴病邪从水化而为寒证？表现为脉象沉细而微弱、只想睡觉、背部恶寒、口中平和不苦不燥、腹痛腹泻排出未消化的食物、小便清白，需用回阳法治之。
若出现手足厥冷、呕吐腹泻、小便反而通利、腹泻排出未消化食物、脉象微弱几乎摸不到，宜用四逆汤。若出现内寒外热、面色发红、咽喉疼痛，或者干呕、腹泻停止、脉搏不出、出汗且脉微而四肢厥冷的，宜用通脉四逆汤。（原注：假热证需仔细辨认，应在脉微、四肢厥冷处加以辨别。）
少阴病腹泻且脉象微弱的，宜用白通汤。若腹泻不止、四肢厥冷、无脉、干呕且心烦，宜用白通加人尿猪胆汁汤主治。发汗或攻下后病不解，出现烦躁的，宜用茯苓四逆汤主治。
少阴病发展到四五日，出现腹痛、小便不利、四肢沉重浮肿、自发性腹泻，这是水气病，宜用真武汤。
少阴病得病二三天，口中平和、背部恶寒的，宜用附子汤。若脉象沉、手足寒冷、全身骨节疼痛的，也宜用附子汤；若上吐下泻、手足逆冷、烦躁欲死的，宜用吴茱萸汤治疗。
什么是少阴病邪从火化而为热证？表现为脉象沉细而数、只想睡觉、内心烦乱外部躁动、或者无法入睡、口中发热、腹泻排出清水、小便赤红，需用救阴法治之。
少阴病二三天，因火邪上逆导致咽喉疼痛的，宜用甘草桔梗汤。若咽喉受伤生疮、不能说话、声音出不来的，宜用苦酒汤主治。若因寒邪郁结导致咽喉疼痛的，宜用半夏散主治。若出现腹泻、咽喉疼痛、胸部胀满、心烦的，宜用猪肤汤主治。（原注：猪肤四两，用水煎煮，去渣，加入半盏白蜜、二钱米粉，熬匀后服用。）
少阴病得病二三天以上，心中烦乱无法入睡的，宜用黄连阿胶汤主治。
少阴病腹泻六七天，伴有咳嗽、呕吐、口渴、心烦无法睡眠的，宜用猪苓汤主治。
少阴病出现四肢厥逆，或咳嗽，或心悸，或小便不利，或腹中疼痛，或泄泻且肛门重坠感的，宜用四逆散主治。
少阴病得病二三天，口燥咽干的，需急用攻下法；六七天出现腹部胀满不大便的，需急用攻下法；自发性腹泻排出纯青色清水、心下疼痛、口干燥的，需急用攻下法，这些都宜用大承气汤。（原注：这是少阴急下证的三种情况。）
少阴证诸方歌诀
四逆汤中有干姜、附子和甘草，治疗三阴经厥逆和太阳经脉沉；若增加干姜、葱白、人参、芍药或桔梗，能通阳复脉，效力胜任。白通汤由干姜、附子和葱白组成，或加入人尿、猪胆汁；运用“热因寒用”的深奥义理，治疗阴盛格阳导致的厥冷无脉。茯苓四逆汤含有人参、甘草、附子和干姜，共同煎煮效果好；若已经过发汗或攻下仍烦躁，用此方回阳，疾病自能痊愈。真武汤能壮补肾中阳气，由茯苓、白术、芍药、附子和生姜组成；适用于少阴腹痛有水气、心悸眩晕、惊恐不安，服用可保安康。附子汤中含有白术、茯苓、人参、芍药，共同煎煮斟酌；适用于少阴身疼骨节痛、手足厥寒、六脉沉伏。吴茱萸汤含有人参、大枣，重用生姜以温胃效果好；适用于阳明寒呕、少阴腹泻、厥阴头痛，皆能保全。少阴脉沉却反见发热，宜用麻黄附子细辛汤；若二三天没有里证，宜用麻黄附子甘草汤。苦酒汤将半夏煎煮，加入一枚鸡蛋清，半夏散兼用桂枝和甘草，水煎冷服可治愈寒郁。黄连阿胶汤用于救阴伤，加入黄芩、芍药和鸡蛋黄；桃花汤用干姜、大米，赤石脂末调服疗效好。
（原注：厥阴属木之脏，多从热化，少从寒化，因为木中藏有火气。厥阴病欲解之时，从丑时至卯时。）
厥阴病的表现是消渴（极度口渴饮水不解），气向上冲撞心脏，心中疼痛且有灼热感，饥饿但不想吃东西，吃了就会吐蛔虫，若误用攻下法会导致腹泻不止。吐蛔虫且四肢厥冷的，宜用乌梅丸主治。长期腹泻且手足厥寒、脉象微弱几乎摸不到的，宜用当归四逆汤主治。吐下后导致格阳（阴阳格拒），想喝水即呕吐的，宜用干姜黄连黄芩人参汤主治。四肢厥冷腹痛、泄泻且肛门重坠感的，宜用四逆散。热性腹泻且肛门重坠、想喝水的，宜用白头翁汤主治（原注：白头翁三钱，黄柏二钱，黄连一钱，秦皮钱半）。
脉象滑利且四肢厥冷、想喝几升水的，宜用白虎汤。脉象结代、心动悸动的，宜用炙甘草汤。
伤寒病阳脉涩、阴脉弦，按法应当腹中急痛，先给予小建中汤；若不愈，再用小柴胡汤主治。伤寒病出现厥逆且心下悸动的，应当先治水饮，宜用茯苓桂枝甘草生姜汤。
厥阴证诸方歌诀
乌梅丸使用细辛、桂枝，配伍人参、附子、花椒、干姜，再加上黄连、黄柏和当归，能温脏安蛔，退除寒厥。当归四逆汤由桂枝、芍药、细辛、甘草和木通组成，再加入大枣治疗厥阴病，适用于脉细、阳虚因血弱导致的病症。若体内有久寒，加入干姜和吴茱萸，能发表温中、疏通脉络。
四逆散中使用柴胡，配伍芍药、枳实和甘草扶持正气，这是阳邪导致厥逆的证候，通过养阴泻热来达到疏通的目的。
炙甘草汤由桂枝、人参、麦冬、生地、大麻仁组成，加入生姜、大枣、阿胶并用酒煎服，能治疗心虚导致的脉代、结代，效果神奇。
小建中汤中芍药用量较多，配伍桂枝、干姜、甘草和大枣调和，加入饴糖补益中气，适用于阴虚腹痛，服用后可痊愈（原注：小建中汤加入黄芪，名为黄芪建中汤，治疗里虚脉急；加入当归，名为当归建中汤，治疗血虚）。
《医脉摘要》卷上结束
医脉摘要卷下
望面色
额头属于心火；下巴（颐）属于肾水；左脸颊属于肝木；右脸颊属于肺金；鼻子位居中央，对应脾土。面色青是肝邪的表现，白色是肺病的征象，红色是心热的表现，黄色主脾败。（原注：凡面色黄中带青的，是肝木乘克脾土，宜平肝扶脾。）若见到黑色，提示肾气受损令人担忧。面色遍布全脸的，要辨别有神还是无神；面色分部显现的，要审视五行相生相克的关系。暗淡的，病从内生；紫浊的，邪从外受；憔悴的，多为郁证；瘦黄的，病久体虚；山根明亮，是即将痊愈的疾病；环口黑黧，难以医治，已是肾绝之兆。（原注：色青为痛，色黑为劳损，色赤为风邪，色黄为排便困难，色鲜明有留饮。）至于如舌头卷缩、阴囊收缩、口张不开、嘴唇翻卷、头发直竖、牙齿枯槁、手撒开、失明、声音像打鼾睡、口吐白沫，或者直视且遗尿，或者眉毛脱落且指甲脱落，或者阳气绝离且汗出如珠，或者脾败且泄利无度，都是不治之证。（原注：只有热证导致牙齿干燥的，还可以用清热或攻下法治愈。）
面色青白的是风邪，风邪严重则手足抽搐。面色青黑的是寒痛，寒邪极盛则舌头卷缩、阴囊收缩。发热头痛且面色发红的，是阳气怫郁。烦渴多汗且面色发红的，是阳明热盛。脚冷面红的，是戴阳证。午后颧骨发红的，是虚火。白色主气虚，多是脱血的征兆。黑色为肾病，一半是阴寒的征象。黄色是脾土的正色，必须带有赤白相间。黄而明亮的，是湿热；黄而暗晦的，是湿寒。
望舌
（原注：凡舌肿、重舌、木舌，都是热邪极盛。舌硬、舌强、舌卷、舌短缩，都是危重证候。若舌头伸出数寸，舌边如锯齿状，是不治之症。）
舌为心之苗窍，连接脾经，红润淡黄表示无病。白苔主表证，黄黑苔主里证，（黑）干裂为热邪伤阴，（黑）润为精气耗损。
白苔是邪气伤及气分，胸中有寒。宜用发表或和解法，不宜攻下。若白苔且燥渴的，是温热病；白苔如积粉的，是时疫证。邪气入胃腑，则白苔中现黄色；邪气传至少阴，则白苔变黑。白苔兼有两路黄色的，是合病；白苔中兼有两路黑色的，是夹阴证。白苔多而黄黑苔少、滑润且不燥渴的，表证多；黑苔多而白苔少，或生芒刺干燥的，里证多。或舌尖白根部黄，或根部黑，或中心黄黑而滑润、边缘白，都是半表半里证。又有伤寒坏病，厚白且燥裂的，是邪气耗伤津液；胃阳素虚，纯白且苔滑的，是膈上有寒饮。只有白苔厚如煮熟颜色的，是由里挟寒物留滞不散，心脾气亏而肺气乘之，用枳实理中汤，间或有生还者。
黄苔是阳明腑实证。黄而湿润的，热尚浅，不宜立即攻下。黄而干燥的，热已深，可以用攻下法。若黄苔而生芒刺黑点，甚至开裂的，乃热极液干，下证尤其紧急；有根黄而边尖白、短缩不能伸出的，是痰饮夹食，宜用小承气汤加生姜半夏主治。若苔厚而中青紫、纹裂而舌不干者，是阴证夹食，宜用大承气汤合附子汁攻下（原注：此为温下法）。黑苔，是少阴肾色。黑而焦裂的，是火极似炭的热苔，宜攻下。黑而滑润的，是水来克火的寒苔，当温补。若汗下伤阴、神昏耳聋、舌虽黑而无积苔的，此津枯血燥，宜用炙甘草汤，或六味地黄丸合生脉散。若夏月中暑，脉虚、口渴、舌中黑而边红润的，此时火燔灼，宜用白虎汤加人参竹叶。（原注：津枯，舌黑而无积苔的，可用温病中的复脉汤。）
灰黑色，是足三阴经互病。如以青黄和入黑中，则为灰色，始由白黄苔转为灰黑，或生芒刺、黑点、纹裂干燥的，属下证；淡灰色中起深黑重晕的，是温病热病，宜用凉膈散、双解散治疗。若初病便见灰色，舌润无苔，此内有寒食，水饮蓄血，当随证治疗。又有感冒夹食，屡经汗下、消导，二便已通，而舌上灰黑未退、润而不燥的，此津液过伤、虚火上炎之象，急宜养阴。（原注：此证不知而再攻下，即死。大抵传经热证，灰黑干苔的，皆当攻下泄热，直中三阴。灰黑无苔的，当温经散寒。）
舌红，是心的正色。红极而鲜，为湿热蕴于心胃及瘟疫热毒内盛，宜用解毒汤、白虎汤。红中有白苔的，夹寒；红中夹两路灰苔的，温热夹食；红中有黑苔的，热毒入少阴；红极有黄黑芒刺的，热毒入腑；红极有紫黑斑及遍身发斑的，阳毒入心；红中有紫疮、白疱、裂纹、星点的，皆是火炎之象。惟独舌柔嫩如新生，望之似润而实燥涸的，由汗下太过，津液耗竭，急服生津等药。
紫色，是酒色伤寒或热瘀血分。深紫而赤的，是阳热酒毒，宜用苦寒药解之。淡紫而青润的，是肝肾阴寒，宜用吴茱萸四逆汤温之。若紫中有红斑，或干黄，或灰黑，或短缩的，宜用凉膈散。若全紫而干，如煮热猪肝的，难治。
Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) treats Taiyang Wind Strike, combined with Shaoyao (Paeonia Root), Gancao (Licorice Root), Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger), and Dazao (Jujube). When combined equally with Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction), it is named Guizhi Mahuang Banxia Tang (Half Cinnamon Twig and Ephedra Decoction), effective for Taiyang conditions resembling malaria. Mahuang Tang uses Guizhi, Xingren (Apricot Seed), and Gancao, four ingredients in total, to treat fever, aversion to cold, headache, and stiff neck caused by Cold Damage; taking this decoction induces profuse sweating. Da Qinglong Tang (Major Blue Green Dragon Decoction) contains Guizhi, Mahuang, Xingren, Gancao, Shigao (Gypsum), Shengjiang, and Dazao, treating Taiyang conditions with no sweat accompanied by irritability, effectively resolving both wind and cold. Xiao Qinglong Tang (Minor Blue Green Dragon Decoction) treats water retention, relieving wheezing, coughing, vomiting, thirst, or diarrhea, composed of Shengjiang, Guizhi, Mahuang, Shaoyao, Gancao, Xixin (Asarum), Banxia (Pinellia Tuber), and Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit). Gegen Tang (Kudzu Decoction) includes Mahuang added to Guizhi Tang, plus two other ingredients (Gegen and Mahuang); it treats pathogens entering the meridians due to lack of sweat; if sweat is present, remove Mahuang and keep Gegen. Wuling San (Five-Ling Powder) treats Taiyang Fu syndrome (Bladder Qi transformation dysfunction), composed of Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Zexie (Alisma Rhizome), Zhuling (Polyporus), and Fuling (Poria), adding Guizhi to promote Bladder Qi transformation, benefiting urination, dispelling summerheat, and calming irritability and thirst; removing Guizhi creates Siling San (Four-Ling Powder), effective for cases without cold but with thirst. Zhuling Tang (Polyporus Decoction) removes Guizhi and Baizhu from Wuling San, adding Huashi (Talcum) and Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin) to calm thirst and heat. Taoren Chengqi Tang (Peach Kernel Mandate-Charging Decoction) consists of five unique ingredients: Taoren (Peach Kernel), Dahuang (Rhubarb Root), Mangxiao (Mirabilite), Gancao, and Guizhi, suitable for heat binding in the Bladder causing lower abdominal fullness and pain, and manic-like blood stasis. Shengjiang Xiexin Tang (Fresh Ginger Draining Epigastrium Decoction) contains Shengjiang, Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome), Huangqin (Scutellaria Root), Banxia, Ganjiang (Dried Ginger), Dazao, and Renshen (Ginseng Root); removing Renshen and doubling Gancao creates Gancao Xiexin Tang (Licorice Draining Epigastrium Decoction), treating empty heat. Daxiexiong Tang (Major Trap Chest Decoction) uses Dahuang and Mangxiao, mixed with Gansui (Kansui Root) powder; Xiaoxiexiong Tang (Minor Trap Chest Decoction) treats minor trap chest syndrome, composed of Huanglian, Banxia, and Gualou (Trichosanthes Fruit). Sanwu Baisan (Three-Ingredient White Powder) involves roasting Badou (Croton Seed), with Beimu (Fritillaria Bulb) and Jiegeng (Platycodon Root) used in double quantity, taken with rice water; it induces vomiting of phlegm above the diaphragm and resolves fluid below. Shizao Tang (Ten-Jujube Decoction) treats water-induced epigastric fullness, composed of Yuanhua (Genkwa Flower), Gansui, and Daye (Spurge Root), all powdered and taken with jujube decoction to strongly remove middle-jiao fluid retention. Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang Tang (Bupleurum, Cinnamon Twig, and Dried Ginger Decoction) contains Huafen (Trichosanthes Root), Muli (Oyster Shell), Huangqin, and Gancao, indicated for patients who have already undergone sweating or purging and still exhibit hypochondriac fullness, alternating chills and fever, thirst, and irritability. Xuanfu Daizhe Tang (Inula and Hematitum Decoction) uses Renshen, Xuanfu (Inula Flower), Daizhe (Hematitum), Banxia, Gancao, Shengjiang, and Dazao; heavy substances settle rebellious Qi and salty flavors soften hardness, effectively stopping epigastric fullness and belching.
Yangming Meridian Syndrome
(Original Note: Yangming governs the interior, manifesting externally on muscles and internally in the Stomach. Yangming disease tends to resolve from noon to Xu hour.)
What is called Yangming Meridian Syndrome is body heat, eye pain, nasal dryness, insomnia, floating and long pulse, absence of aversion to cold, and preference for heat. If accompanied by headache and aversion to cold, the Taiyang syndrome has not yet resolved, and Gegen Tang should be used; if there is no headache or aversion to cold, but only high fever and thirst, the Taiyang syndrome has resolved, constituting the primary Yangming Meridian syndrome, and Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) should be used.
What is called Yangming Fu Syndrome is tidal fever, delirium, continuous sweating on hands, feet, and armpits, abdominal fullness and pain, and hard stool.
If a Taiyang syndrome was treated improperly, depleting fluids, causing the superficial heat of Taiyang to combine with the dryness of Yangming, scorching the essence fluids of the Spleen, it is called "Spleen Constraint," characterized by frequent urination and hard stool; this is Taiyang-Yangming combination, and Maren Wan (Hemp Seed Pill) should be used.
If a Shaoyang syndrome was treated improperly, depleting fluids, allowing Shaoyang fire pathogen to enter Stomach heat and transform into Yangming, causing difficulty in defecation, this is Shaoyang-Yangming combination, and honey suppository or pig bile enema should be used.
If a patient has abundant Yang qi originally or has retained food, and external pathogens transmit inward to the Stomach Fu, this is Zhengyang Yangming (True Yang Yangming), and the three Chengqi Decoctions should be used to purge.
Yangming Purging Syndromes
(Original Note: In Yangming syndromes, those with frequent vomiting, those with hardness/fullness limited to the epigastrium, and those with flushed face due to Yang qi stagnation on the exterior, must not be purged.)
After six or seven days of Cold Damage, if eyes are unclear, eyeballs are unresponsive, stool is difficult, and body has slight heat, urgent purging is required; if Yangming disease presents with fever and excessive sweating, urgent purging is required; if sweating fails to resolve the condition and abdominal fullness/pain occurs, urgent purging is required; all these cases suit Dachengqi Tang (Major Mandate-Charging Decoction). If steaming fever occurs after sweating, or abdominal fullness after vomiting, Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (Regulate-Stomach Mandate-Charging Decoction) is suitable. If fluids are depleted after sweating, vomiting, or purging, leading to slight irritability, frequent urination, and hard stool, Xiaochengqi Tang (Minor Mandate-Charging Decoction) is suitable.
Song of Formulas for Yangming Syndromes
Baihu Tang uses calcined Shigao, assisted by Zhimu (Anemarrhena Rhizome), Gancao, and Jingmi (Rice); adding Renshen generates fluids, treating restlessness, thirst, and coated tongue. Dachengqi Tang uses Mangxiao, assisted by Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange), Dahuang, and Houpo (Magnolia Bark) (Original Note: Adding Renshen and Shudi (Rehmannia Root) creates Huanglong Tang (Yellow Dragon Decoction)); removing Mangxiao creates Xiaochengqi Tang, treating epigastric fullness, delirium, and mania in the Upper Jiao (Xiaochengqi Tang); adding Qianghuo (Notopterygium Root) creates Sanhua Tang (Three-Transformations Decoction), treating wind-stroke closure excess (Xiaochengqi Tang modification); adding Shaoyao, Maren (Hemp Seed), and Xingren treats spleen constraint and difficult defecation effectively.
Tiaowei Chengqi Tang uses Mangxiao, Dahuang, and Gancao; its sweet and mild nature harmonizes and protects the Stomach; avoiding Zhishi and Houpo prevents injury to the Upper Jiao, making it good for Middle Jiao dryness-excess.
Shaoyang Meridian Syndrome
(Original Note: Shaoyang governs half-exterior and half-interior; sweating and purging are contraindicated, and the method should be harmonizing. Shaoyang disease tends to resolve from Yin hour to Chen hour.)
Shaoyang disease manifests as bitter taste in the mouth, dry throat, vertigo, and wiry pulse. If accompanied by alternating chills and fever, hypochondriac fullness, silence, loss of appetite, heart irritability, and frequent vomiting, it is a deficiency-fire syndrome, treated with Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction). If there is epigastric fullness/hardness, slight depression/irritability, and incessant vomiting, it is an excess-fire syndrome, treated with Dachaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction). If vomiting follows improper purging, resulting in fullness without pain, Banxia Xiexin Tang (Pinellia Draining Epigastrium Decoction) is suitable.
If there is heat in the chest causing vomiting and cold in the stomach causing abdominal pain, Huanglian Tang (Coptis Decoction) is suitable.
If pathogens have entered the interior, and Gallbladder fire attacks the Spleen causing spontaneous diarrhea, Huangqin Tang (Scutellaria Decoction) is suitable. If Gallbladder fire rebels upward to the Stomach causing vomiting, Huangqin Tang plus Banxia and Shengjiang is suitable. (Original Note: The above four syndromes all involve cold and heat clashing in the middle.)
Song of Formulas for Shaoyang Syndromes
Xiaochaihu Tang harmonizes Shaoyang, using Banxia, Renshen, and Gancao, along with Huangqin, Shengjiang, and Dazao; it is the master formula for Shaoyang diseases. Dachaihu Tang uses Dahuang, Zhishi, Shaoyao, Huangqin, and Banxia; adding Shengjiang and Dazao during decoction treats both exterior and interior, effectively attacking internally and repelling externally. Banxia Xiexin Tang uses Ganjiang, Gancao, Huangqin, Huanglian, Renshen, and Dazao; it cleverly treats fever, vomiting, fullness, and irritability following improper Shaoyang purging. Huanglian Tang contains Ganjiang, Banxia, Renshen, and Gancao, plus Guizhi and Dazao, balancing cold and heat to treat vomiting and pain. Huangqin Tang contains Gancao, Shaoyao, and Dazao, treating Shaoyang diarrhea caused by fire disturbance; adding Shengjiang and Banxia treats Gallbladder rebellion.
Taiyin Meridian Syndrome
(Original Note: Taiyin is wet earth, a pure Yin organ. Taiyin disease tends to resolve from Hai hour to Chou hour.)
Taiyin syndrome transforming from Yin-cold manifests as abdominal fullness, vomiting food, spontaneous diarrhea, no thirst, naturally warm hands and feet, and deep-slow pulse, treated primarily with Lizhong Tang (Regulate Middle Decoction). If ineffective, SiNi Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction) category should be used. (Original Note: Diarrhea usually leads to fluid depletion and thirst, but Taiyin damp-earth disease does not cause thirst. Taiyin syndrome transforming from Yang-heat: after sweating, if unresolved with abdominal pain, urgent purging with Dachengqi Tang is needed; if abdominal fullness and intermittent pain occur, Guizhi Tang plus Shaoyao is primary; if severe pain occurs, Guizhi Tang plus Dahuang is primary.)
Song of Formulas for Taiyin Syndromes
Lizhong Tang regulates the Middle Jiao, using Gancao, Renshen, Baizhu, and Heijiang (Black Ginger); for vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and severe Yin-cold, or adding Fuzi (Aconite Lateral Root), it always supports Yang. (Original Note: Lizhong Tang plus Huanglian and Fuling creates Lianli Tang (Coix and Coptis Decoction), treating summerheat-induced thirst and diarrhea.)
Shaoyin Meridian Syndrome
(Original Note: Kidney contains both Water and Fire; pathogens injuring the meridian may transform from Water (cold) or Fire (heat), hence cold and heat syndromes exist. Shaoyin disease tends to resolve from Zi hour to Yin hour.)
What is called Shaoyin pathogen transforming from Water to cold? Pulse is deep, fine, and faint; desire to sleep; aversion to cold on the back; neutral mouth; abdominal pain and diarrhea with undigested food; white urine. Treat with methods to restore Yang.
If hands and feet are cold, vomiting/diarrhea, frequent urination, diarrhea with undigested food, and pulse is faint/almost absent, SiNi Tang is suitable. If internal cold with external heat, red face, sore throat, or dry vomiting/stopped diarrhea, pulseless, sweating with faint pulse and cold extremities, Tongmai SiNi Tang (Unblocking Pulses SiNi Tang) is suitable. (Original Note: False heat syndromes require careful differentiation, distinguishing at faint pulse and cold extremities.)
For Shaoyin diarrhea with faint pulse, Baitong Tang (White Connecting Decoction) is suitable. For unceasing diarrhea, cold extremities, absent pulse, dry vomiting, and irritability, Baitong Jia Renuo Zhu Danjian Tang (White Connecting Decoction plus Human Urine and Pig Bile) is primary. For unresolved condition after sweating/purging with irritability, Fuling SiNi Tang (Poria SiNi Tang) is primary.
For Shaoyin disease progressing 4-5 days with abdominal pain, dysuria, heavy swollen limbs, and spontaneous diarrhea, this is water qi, treated with Zhenwu Tang (True Warrior Decoction).
For Shaoyin disease 2-3 days with neutral mouth and back aversion to cold, Fuzi Tang (Aconite Decoction) is suitable. For deep pulse, cold hands/feet, and whole-body joint pain, Fuzi Tang is also suitable; for upper vomiting/lower diarrhea, cold extremities, and severe irritability, Wuzhuyu Tang (Evodia Decoction) treats it.
What is called Shaoyin pathogen transforming from Fire to heat? Pulse is deep, fine, and rapid; desire to sleep; internal irritability and external restlessness; insomnia; hot mouth; diarrhea with clear water; red urine. Treat with methods to save Yin.
For Shaoyin disease 2-3 days with fire-rebellious sore throat, Gancao Jiegeng Tang (Licorice and Platycodon Decoction) is suitable. For throat injury with sores, inability to speak, or voice loss, Kujiu Tang (Bitter Wine Decoction) is primary. For cold-constrained sore throat, Banxia San (Pinellia Powder) is suitable. For diarrhea, sore throat, chest fullness, and irritability, Zhufu Tang (Swan Skin Decoction) is primary. (Original Note: Simmer 4 liang of swan skin, strain, add half cup white honey and 2 qian rice flour, boil until uniform, then take.)
For Shaoyin disease 2-3+ days with heart irritability and insomnia, Huanglian Ejiao Tang (Coptis and Donkey-hide Gelatin Decoction) is primary.
For Shaoyin diarrhea 6-7 days with cough, vomiting, thirst, irritability, and insomnia, Zhuling Tang is primary.
For Shaoyin abdominal pain, dysuria, and diarrhea with pus/blood, Taohua Tang (Peach Blossom Decoction) is primary.
For Shaoyin cold extremities, or cough, or palpitations, or dysuria, or abdominal pain, or heavy sensation in defecation, SiNi San (Frigid Extremities Powder) is primary.
For Shaoyin disease 2-3 days with dry mouth/throat, urgent purging is needed; 6-7 days with abdominal fullness and constipation, urgent purging is needed; spontaneous diarrhea with pure green water, epigastric pain, and dry mouth/throat, urgent purging is needed; all suit Dachengqi Tang. (Original Note: These are the three urgent purging syndromes of Shaoyin.)
Song of Formulas for Shaoyin Syndromes
SiNi Tang contains Ganjiang, Fuzi, and Gancao, treating Three Yin cold extremities and Taiyang deep pulse; adding Ganjiang, Congbai (Green Onion White), Renshen, Shaoyao, or Jiegeng can unblock Yang and restore pulse. Baitong Tang uses Ganjiang, Fuzi, and Congbai, or adds human urine and pig bile; utilizing the profound meaning of "treating heat with cold," it manages Yin excess repelling Yang with cold extremities and absent pulse. Fuling SiNi Tang contains Renshen, Gancao, Fuzi, and Ganjiang, boiled well; for persistent irritability after sweating/purging, this restores Yang and resolves disease. Zhenwu Tang strengthens Kidney Yang, using Fuling, Baizhu, Shaoyao, Fuzi, and Shengjiang; for Shaoyin abdominal pain with water qi, palpitations, dizziness, and fright, it ensures health. Fuzi Tang contains Baizhu, Fuling, Renshen, and Shaoyao, boiled together; for Shaoyin body/joint pain and cold extremities with deep pulse. Wuzhuyu Tang contains Renshen and Dazao, with heavy Shengjiang to warm Stomach; it protects against Yangming cold vomiting, Shaoyin diarrhea, and Jueyin headache. For Shaoyin deep pulse with fever, Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Tang (Ephedra, Aconite, and Asarum Decoction) is used; if no interior syndrome after 2-3 days, Mahuang Fuzi Gancao Tang is used. Kujiu Tang simmers Banxia with egg white; Banxia San combines Guizhi and Gancao, taken cold to cure cold constraint. Huanglian Ejiao Tang saves Yin injury, adding Huangqin, Shaoyao, and egg yolk; Taohua Tang uses Ganjiang and rice, with Chishizhi (Red Halloysite) powder taken with good effect.
Jueyin Meridian Syndrome
(Original Note: Jueyin is Wood organ, mostly transforms from heat, rarely from cold, because Wood contains Fire. Jueyin disease tends to resolve from Chou hour to Mao hour.)
Jueyin disease manifests as extreme thirst, Qi rushing up to hit the heart, heart pain/heat, hunger without desire to eat, vomiting roundworms upon eating, and unceasing diarrhea if purged. For vomiting roundworms with cold extremities, Wumei Wan (Mume Pill) is primary. For chronic diarrhea with cold extremities and faint/almost absent pulse, Danggui Sini Tang (Angelica Frigid Extremities Decoction) is primary. For vomiting/purging leading to Yang repulsion, drinking causes immediate vomiting, Ganjiang Huanglian Huangqin Renshen Tang (Dried Ginger, Coptis, Scutellaria, and Ginseng Decoction) is primary. For cold extremities, abdominal pain, and heavy defecation, SiNi San is suitable. For hot diarrhea with heaviness and thirst, Baitouweng Tang (Pulsatilla Decoction) is primary (Original Note: Baitouweng 3 qian, Huangbo 2 qian, Huanglian 1 qian, Qinpi 1.5 qian).
For slippery pulse with cold extremities and desire to drink several liters of water, Baihu Tang is suitable. For knotted/intermittent pulse and palpitations, Zhigancao Tang (Roasted Licorice Decoction) is suitable.
For Cold Damage with superficial choppy pulse and deep wiry pulse, abdominal cramping pain is expected; first give Xiaojianzhong Tang (Minor Construct the Middle Decoction); if ineffective, Xiaochaihu Tang is primary. For Cold Damage with cold extremities and epigastric palpitations, treat water first with Fuling Guizhi Gancao Shengjiang Tang (Poria, Cinnamon Twig, Licorice, and Fresh Ginger Decoction).
Song of Formulas for Jueyin Syndromes
Wumei Wan uses Xixin and Guizhi, combined with Renshen, Fuzi, Huajiao (Sichuan Pepper), Ganjiang, Huanglian, Huangbo, and Danggui (Angelica Sinensis Root), warming viscera, calming roundworms, and retreating cold extremities. Danggui Sini Tang uses Guizhi, Shaoyao, Xixin, Gancao, and Mutong (Akebia Stem), plus Dazao for Jueyin, treating thin pulse and Yang deficiency due to weak blood. Adding Ganjiang and Wuzhuyu for old cold releases exterior, warms middle, and unblocks collaterals.
SiNi San uses Chaihu (Bupleurum Root), Shaoyao, Zhishi, and Gancao to support; this is Yang pathogen causing cold extremities, nourishing Yin and draining heat through unblocking.
Zhigancao Tang uses Guizhi, Renshen, Maidong (Ophiopogon Tuber), Shengdi (Rehmannia Root), and Huma Ren (Hemp Seed), adding Shengjiang, Dazao, Ejiao, and wine; it miraculously treats heart deficiency with knotted/intermittent pulse.
Xiaojianzhong Tang uses abundant Shaoyao, combined with Guizhi, Ganjiang, Gancao, and Dazao; adding Yitang (Maltose) tonifies Middle Qi, curing Yin-deficiency abdominal pain. (Original Note: Xiaojianzhong Tang plus Huangqi (Astragalus Root) creates Huangqi Jianzhong Tang, treating interior deficiency with urgent pulse; plus Danggui creates Danggui Jianzhong Tang, treating blood deficiency.)
End of Volume Upper of "Yimai Zhaiyao"
Volume Lower of "Yimai Zhaiyao"
Observation of Facial Complexion
The forehead belongs to Heart Fire; the chin (Yi) belongs to Kidney Water; the left cheek belongs to Liver Wood; the right cheek belongs to Lung Metal; the nose is central, corresponding to Spleen Earth. Green indicates Liver pathogen, White indicates Lung disease, Red indicates Heart heat, Yellow indicates Spleen failure. (Original Note: Yellow complexion with green tinge indicates Liver Wood overacting on Spleen Earth, soothe Liver and support Spleen.) Black color suggests damaged Kidney. Complexion covering the whole face requires distinguishing Shen (Spirit); complexions in specific areas require examining generation and restriction cycles. Dark/dull indicates internal origin; purple/turbid indicates external invasion; haggard indicates stagnation; thin/yellow indicates chronic illness. Bright root of nose indicates impending recovery; black ring around mouth indicates untreatable Kidney exhaustion. (Original Note: Green for pain, Black for劳 (consumption/overwork), Red for wind, Yellow for difficult defecation, Bright/shiny for retained fluid.) Conditions like curled tongue, retracted scrotum, open mouth, everted lips, straight hair, withered teeth, relaxed hands, blindness, snoring sound, foaming at mouth, staring with incontinence, falling eyebrows/nails, Yang exhaustion with bead-like sweat, or Spleen failure with unceasing diarrhea are all untreatable. (Original Note: Only dry teeth from heat syndrome can be cured by clearing or purging.)
Green-white complexion indicates Wind pathogen; severe wind causes convulsions. Green-black indicates cold pain; extreme cold causes curled tongue/retracted scrotum. Fever, headache, and red face indicate Yang stagnation. Irritability, thirst, sweating, and red face indicate severe Yangming heat. Cold feet and red face indicate Daiyang (Floating Yang). Afternoon malar flush indicates deficient fire. White indicates Qi deficiency, often blood loss. Black indicates Kidney disease, half Yin-cold. Yellow is normal Spleen color, must mix with red/white. Bright yellow indicates damp-heat; dark yellow indicates damp-cold.
Observation of Tongue
(Original Note: Swollen tongue, double tongue, wooden tongue all indicate extreme heat. Hard, stiff, curled, or shortened tongue are critical signs. Tongue extending inches with saw-tooth edges is untreatable.)
Tongue is Heart sprout connecting Spleen meridian; red-dawn-yellow indicates no disease. White coating indicates exterior syndrome, yellow/black indicates interior syndrome; (black) dry/cracked indicates heat damaging Yin, (black) moist indicates essence consumption.
White coating indicates pathogen affecting Qi level, cold in chest. Use releasing or harmonizing methods, not purging. White coating with dry/thirst indicates warm-heat disease; white coating like accumulated powder indicates epidemic disease. Pathogen entering Stomach Fu turns white coating yellow; pathogen transmitting to Shaoyin turns white to black. White coating with two yellow paths indicates combined disease; white with two black paths indicates Yin-clasping. More white than yellow/black, moist/no thirst indicates more exterior; more black than white, or prickles/dryness indicates more interior. Tip white/root yellow, or root black, or center yellow/black moist/edges white all indicate half-exterior/half-interior. Severe Cold Damage with thick/dry cracked white coating indicates pathogen consuming fluids; inherent weak Stomach Yang with pure white moist coating indicates cold fluid in diaphragm. Thick white cooked-color coating indicates interior cold-food stagnation, Spleen/Stomach deficiency with Lung Qi overacting; use Zhishi Lizhong Tang, occasionally surviving.
Yellow coating indicates Yangming Fu excess. Wet yellow indicates shallow heat, do not purge immediately. Dry yellow indicates deep heat, purging is applicable. Yellow with prickles/black spots or cracking indicates extreme heat/fluid dryness, urgent purging needed; yellow root with white edges/tip, short/unextendable indicates phlegm-fluid with food, use Xiaochengqi Tang plus Shengjiang/Banxia. Thick coating with purple center, cracks but not dry indicates Yin syndrome with food, use Dachengqi Tang with Fuzi juice (Original Note: This is warm purging). Black coating is Shaoyin Kidney color. Black scorched/cracked indicates fire extreme like charcoal heat, purge. Black moist indicates water overcoming fire cold, warm. Yin damage from sweating/purging with coma/deafness, black tongue without coating indicates fluid dryness/blood drought, use Zhigancao Tang or Liuwei Dihuang Wan combined with Shengmai San. Summerstroke with weak pulse/thirst, black center/red moist edges indicates fire blazing, use Baihu Tang plus Renshen/Zhuye. (Original Note: Fluid dryness, black tongue without coating, use Wenbing Fumai Tang.)
Gray-black indicates mutual disease of Foot Three Yin. Gray is blue-yellow mixed into black, starting from white/yellow turning gray-black, or with prickles/black spots/cracks/dryness indicates purging needed; light gray with deep black halo indicates warm/heat disease, use Liangge San or Shuangjie San. Gray at onset, moist/no coating indicates interior cold-food, water-fluid, or blood stasis, treat according to syndrome. Cold damage with food, after repeated sweating/purging/digestion, bowels open but gray-black remains moist/not dry indicates excessive fluid damage with deficient fire flaming up, urgently nourish Yin. (Original Note: Ignoring this and purging again causes death. Generally, transmitted heat with gray-black dry coating requires purging/draining heat; direct attack on Three Yin with gray-black no coating requires warming meridians/dispersing cold.)
Red tongue is Heart's true color. Extremely red/fresh indicates damp-heat in Heart/Stomach or plague heat toxin, use Jiedu Tang or Baihu Tang. Red with white coating indicates clashing cold; red with two gray paths indicates warm-heat with food; red with black coating indicates heat toxin entering Shaoyin; extremely red with yellow/black prickles indicates heat toxin entering Fu; extremely red with purple/black spots and body rash indicates Yang toxin entering Heart; red with purple sores/white blisters/cracks/spots indicates fire flaming. Soft tender tongue looking moist but actually dry indicates excessive sweating/purging depleting fluids, urgently take fluid-generating medicines.
Purple indicates alcohol-sex Cold Damage or heat-blood stasis. Deep purple-red indicates Yang heat/alcohol toxin, use bitter-cold to resolve. Pale purple-blue-moist indicates Liver/Kidney Yin-cold, use Wuzhuyu SiNi Tang to warm. Purple with red spots, or dry yellow, or gray-black, or short indicates Liangge San. All purple and dry like boiled pork liver is difficult to treat.