脾脉有病，其外证面黄、善噫、善思、善味，其内证当脐上有动气，按之牢若痛。其病腹胀满，食不消，体重，节痛，怠惰嗜卧，四肢不收，肠鸣飧泄，行善痪，脚下痛。
肺脉有病，其外证面白、善嚏、悲愁不乐、欲哭，其内证脐右有动气，按之牢若痛。其病喘咳洒淅，寒热汗出，嗌干，肩背痛，尻、阴、股、膝、髀、喘、足皆痛。(原注：肺火并于肝则悲。)
肾脉得病，其外证面黑、善恐欠，其内证脐下有动气，按之牢若痛。其病逆气小腹急痛，泄而下重，足胫寒而逆，腹大胫肿，寝汗出，意不乐。
好哭者，肺病。好歌者，脾病。好狂者，心病。好叫呼者，肝病。好呻吟者，肾病。
心病者，舌短、颧赤。肝病者，眦青。脾病者，唇黄。肺病者，喘息鼻张。肾病者，颧与颜黑。
肝热小便黄，身热惊且狂，肢烦胁满痛，不得安卧床。(原注：肝热右颊先赤。)
心热痛在心，善呕头痛频，烦闷意不乐，面赤无汗蒸。(原注：心热面颜先赤。)
脾热先头重，颜青项颊痛，心烦腹满泄，欲呕身热纵。(原注：脾热鼻先赤。)
肺热舌黄胎，喘咳皮毛寒，痛走胸膺背，身热汗自来。(原注：肺热右颊先赤。)
肾热痛先腰，身热苦渴焦，脐酸足下热，项痛懒言嘲。(原注：肾热丙颐先赤。)
忧愁恐惧则伤心，形寒饮冷则伤肺，堕坠盛怒则伤肝，饮食劳倦、汗出当风则伤脾，坐卧湿地、入房过度则伤肾，此正脏所伤也。(原注：久视伤血，久卧伤气，久坐伤肉，久立伤骨，久行伤筋，是谓五劳所伤。)
肺心有邪，其气留于两肘；肝有邪，其气留于两腋；脾有邪，其气留于两髀；肾有邪，其气留于两胴。此八虚者，机关之室，真气血脉之所过也。邪气恶血住留，则伤经络骨节。机关不利，则屈伸不便。
饮食饱甚，汗出于胃。惊而夺精，汗出于心。持重远行，汗出于肾。疾走恐惧，汗出于肝。摇体劳苦，汗出于脾。(原注：汗虽为心之液，然五脏皆有汗也。)
色多青，则痛。多黑，则痹。黄赤，则热。多白，则寒。五色皆见，则寒热也。
胃中热，则消谷，令人悬心善饥，脐以上皮热。肠中热，则出黄如糜，脐以下皮寒。胃中寒，则腹胀。肠中寒，则肠鸣飧泄。胃寒肠热，则胀而且泻。肠寒胃热，则疾饥、小腹痛胀。
大肠有寒者，便多鸭溏；有热者，便浊垢。小肠有寒者，下重便血；有热者，病痔。诸疮痛痒，皆属于心。诸风掉眩，皆属于肝。诸湿肿满，皆属于脾。诸气愤郁，皆属于肺。诸寒收引皆，属于肾。
心气虚则悲，实则笑不休。肝气虚则恐，实则怒。脾气虚则四肢不用。五脏不安，实则腹胀经溲不利。肺气虚则鼻塞少气，实则胸满喘喝。肾气虚则厥，实则胀。
内伤外感辨
伤于情欲、饮食，为内伤。伤于风寒、暑湿，为外感。内伤发热，时热时止；外感发热，热甚无休，内伤恶寒，得暖便解；外感恶寒，絮火不除。内伤头痛，乍痛已歇；外感头痛，连痛不停。内伤则手心热甚，外感则手背热甚。内伤则口淡无味，外感则鼻塞不通。内伤则气口脉盛，多属不足，宜温、宜补、宜和；外感则人迎脉盛，多属有余，宜汗、宜吐、宜下。盖左人迎主表，右气口主里；内伤则右脉大于左，外感则左脉大于右也。
时疫论
时疫之邪，皆由湿土郁蒸秽气升腾而发。人触之者，从口鼻入募原而至阳明之经，脉必右盛于左。盖湿土之邪，以类相从，故犯胃最先也。初感一二日内，邪犯募原，但觉背微恶寒，头额晕胀，胸膈痞满，手指酸麻，此为时疫之报使。至三日以后，邪乘表虚而外发，则有昏热、头汗、咽肿、发斑之患，邪乘里虚而内陷，或挟饮食，则有呕逆、痞满、嘈杂、失血、自利、吐蛔之患。若其人平素津枯，兼有停滞，则有谵语、发狂、舌胎黄黑、大便不通之患；平日阴虚，则有头面赤热、足膝逆冷、至夜发热之患；至于呃哕、冷汗、喘乏、烦扰、痪疯等证，皆由误治所致也。大抵疫疠之邪，自阳明中道随表里虚实而发，不循经络传次，且邪气内伏，不能一发便尽。有得汗热除，二三日复热如前者；有得下里和，二三日复见表热者；有表和复见里证者，皆余邪未尽耳。(原注：疫证最忌肉食，病虽小愈，食肉必复发热变证。)
肝风论
肝为风木之脏，相火内寄，体阴用阳，其性刚。主动主升，全赖肾水以涵之，血液以濡之，肺金清肃下降之，令以平之，中宫敦阜之土气以培之，遂其条达之性，自无风燥之患。倘精液有亏，肝阴不足，血燥生热，风阳上升，窍络阻塞，头目不清，眩晕跌仆，甚则瘈疭痉厥矣。是宜缓肝之急以息风，滋肾之液以驱热，如虎潜丸、侯氏黑散、地黄饮子、滋肾丸、复脉等方加减。若思虑烦劳，风阳内扰，则荣热心悸，惊怖不寐，胁下动跃，治以酸枣仁汤、补心丹加减，清荣热而敛心神。若因动怒郁勃，风火痰交炽，则宜二陈龙荟，甚至木旺克土，呕逆不食，法用泄肝安胃，生地、阿胶、牡蛎、二冬、山茱、桑叶、丹皮、麻仁、茯苓、归、芍、菊花、竹沥、姜汁之类，择而用之可也。
阴阳为病
人身一阴阳也。阴平阳秘，精神乃治。阴气从足上行至头，而下行从臂至指端；阳气从手上行至头，而下行至足。阴根于阳，阴病极，则并伤其阳；阳病极，则并伤其阴。阳虚者，阴必走；阴虚，者阳必荡。阳虚则外寒，阴虚则内热。阳盛生外热，阴盛生内寒。(原注：阳气不行，阴气乃结。)
阳受风气，风为阳邪也。阴受湿气，湿为阴邪也。阳病者，上行极而下；阴病者，下行极而上，故伤于风者，上先受之(原注：风为天气，极则下行)；伤于湿者，下先受之。(原注：湿为地气，极则上行。邪入千阳则狂，邪入于阴则痹。抟阳则为癫，抟阴则为薤。)
阴盛则阳病，阳盛则阴病。阳胜则热，阴胜则寒。寒极生热，热极生寒。
阳气起于足五指之表。阳脉者，集于膝下而聚于膝上，故阳气衰阴气盛，则从五指至膝上寒，是为寒厥。阴气起于足五指之里。阴脉者，集于足下而聚于足心，故阴气衰阳气盛，则足下热，是为热厥。
阳胜则身热腠理闭，喘粗为之俯仰，汗不出，齿干，以烦冤腹满死，耐冬不耐夏。阴胜则身寒，汗出(原注；阳虚不能卫外也)身常清，数栗而寒，寒则厥，厥则腹满死，能夏不能冬。
六气为病
风胜则动，热胜则肿，燥胜则干，寒胜则浮(原注：寒变为热，神气乃浮)，湿胜则濡泻。
冬伤于寒，春必病温。春伤于风，夏生飧泄。夏伤于暑，秋必痃疟。秋伤于湿，冬生咳嗽。
邪气盛则实，精气夺则虚。清气在下，则生飧泄；浊气在上，则生膜胀。
因于寒，起居如惊神，气乃浮。因于暑，自汗，烦则喘喝，静则多言，体若燔炭，汗出而散。因于湿，首如裹(原注：头目昏重也)。湿热不攘，大筋软短，为拘；小筋弛长，为痿。因于气，为肿。
胃为戊土，属阳。脾为己土，属阴。胃为阳腑，宜通。脾为阴脏，宜藏。人之纳食主胃，运化主脾。脾升则健，下陷则病矣。胃降则和，上逆则病矣。盖太阴湿七，得阳始通，故脾喜干燥也；阳明燥土，得阴自安，故胃气柔润也。仲景急下存津，其治在胃；东垣大升阳气，其治在脾，脾陷者，宜补中益气汤，升阳益胃汤、理中汤；胃燥者，宜玉竹、石斛、麦冬、沙参、麻仁，甘蔗之类。
病后补虚有二法，一补脾，一补胃。如疟痢后，脾气衰弱，饮食不能运化，宜补其脾；伤寒后，胃中津液久耗，新者未生，宜补其胃。补脾用补中、六君子等汤；补胃用二冬、生地、阿胶、梨汁、甘蔗之类。
凡外感之邪久，必归阳明。邪重而有食，则结成燥矢，三承气汤主之；邪轻而无食，则凝为热痰，泻心汤主之，仍视证为加减。
(原注：太阳为寒水之经，主周身之气，又主皮毛，而为肤表之第一层，故风寒必首伤太阳也。太阳病欲解，时从至巳未上。)
太阳之为病，脉浮、头痛、项强，而恶寒，若发热，汗出、脉缓、恶风、鼻鸣、干呕者，风中太阳之肌腠也，宜桂枝汤。若发热、身痛、脉紧、无汗、呕逆而喘者，寒伤阳之肤表也，宜麻黄汤。若无汗而烦躁者，宜大青龙汤。若干呕而咳(原注：有水气)，宜小青龙汤。若项背强几几、无汗、恶风者，宜葛根扬。若八九日不解，寒热如疟，面热身痒，以不得小汗故也，宜桂枝麻黄各半汤。若服桂枝汤得汗后，形如疟，日再发者，余邪未解也，宜桂枝二麻黄一汤。
(原注：表邪不去，必入于里。膀胱为表中之里也。)
太阳证，脉浮、口渴、烦躁，不得眠、小便不利、水入即吐者，膀胱蓄水证也，宜五苓散。若脉沉、面赤、其人如狂、小腹硬满、小便自利者，膀胱蓄血证也，宜桃仁承气汤。
(原注：汗下失宜，或虚其阳，则从少阴。阴化之证，多以太阳少阴为表里也。或伤其阴，则从阳明阳化之证，多以太阳阳明递相传也。)
太阳病发汗太过，遂漏不止，其人恶风、小便难、四肢微急、难以屈伸者，宜桂枝汤加附子。
发汗太过，其人仍发热、心下悸、头眩、身困动、振振欲擗地者，真武汤主之。
不应下而下之，续得下利清谷、身疼痛者，先宜四逆汤以救里，后宜桂枝汤以解表。
太阳证误下，遂协热而利、心下痞硬、表里不解者，桂枝理中汤主之。(原注：理中汤加桂枝。)
病发热，头痛，脉反沉，若汗之不差，身体疼痛，当救其里，宜四逆汤。大汗、大下利而厥冷者，亦宜四逆汤。
发汗后病不解，反恶寒者，虚故也，宜芍药甘草附子汤。不恶寒，但热者，实也，宜调胃承气汤。
太阳病下之后，脉促、胸满者，汗出微恶寒者(原注：阳虚也)，宜桂枝去芍药加附子汤。
本桂枝证医反下之，利遂不止、脉促者，表未解也。喘而汗出者，葛根芩连甘草汤主之。
发汗后，身疼痛脉沉迟者，桂枝汤加人参主之。(原注：此荣卫虚也。)
发汗过多，其人义手冒心、心下悸、欲得按者，归芍桂枝甘草汤主之。(原注：此汗伤心液也。)
发汗后，腹胀满者，厚朴、生姜、半夏、甘草、人参汤主之。(原注：此汗伤脾气也。)
发汗后，其人脐下悸，欲作奔豚，黄芩桂枝甘草大枣汤主之。(原注：此汗伤肾气也。)
伤寒若吐若下后，心下逆满、气上冲胸、起则头眩、脉沉紧、发汗则动经、身为振振摇者，苓桂术甘汤主之。(原注：此汗吐下伤肝脏也。)
吐下后，七八日不解、表里俱热、时时恶风、大渴而烦、舌上干燥、欲饮水数升者，人参白虎汤主之。
伤寒不大便六七日，头痛、有热、外不解，由于内不通也。下之，里和而表自解矣。与承气汤，病人烦热，汗出则解。又如疟状，日哺所发热，属阳明也。脉实者，宜下之，与承气汤；脉虚者，宜发汗，与桂枝汤。
发汗后，心下痞硬、干噫食臭、胁下有水气、腹中雷鸣、下利者，水停上焦也，宜生姜泻心汤。若误下，而泻利不止、心下痞硬、干呕心烦者，水火不交也，宜甘草泻心汤。
病发于阳而反下之，热入于里，从心至小腹硬满而痛不可近，脉迟者，为大结胸，宜大陷胸汤。若结止在心下、按之始痛、脉浮滑者，宜小陷胸汤。若寒实结胸、无热证者，宜三物白散。若心下痞硬、痛引胁下、干呕短气、汗出不恶寒者，水气在中焦也，宜十枣汤。
汗吐下后，虚烦不眠、胸中窒滞，甚则反覆颠倒、心中懊依，栀子豆豉汤主之。呕者，加生姜。少气者，加甘草。若烦而腹满、卧起不安者，栀子、枳实、厚朴汤主之。若大下之后，身热微烦者，水火不交也，栀子、干姜汤主之。
伤寒六七日，发热微恶寒、支节疼痛、微呕。心下支结、外证未去者，柴胡桂枝汤主之。若汗下之后，胸胁微结、小便不利、渴而不呕、往来寒热、头汗心烦者，柴胡桂枝干姜汤主之。
太阳证诸方歌
脾脉发生病变时，其外在表现为面色发黄、容易嗳气、思虑过多、味觉敏感；内在表现为肚脐上方有搏动感，按压时感觉坚实或疼痛。其病症包括腹部胀满、食物不消化、身体沉重、关节疼痛、倦怠嗜睡、四肢无力、肠鸣腹泻（完谷不化）、行走时容易抽筋、脚底疼痛。
肺脉发生病变时，其外在表现为面色苍白、容易打喷嚏、悲伤忧愁不快乐、想要哭泣；内在表现为肚脐右侧有搏动感，按压时感觉坚实或疼痛。其病症包括气喘咳嗽、恶寒战栗、寒热交替、出汗、咽喉干燥、肩背疼痛、尾骨、阴部、大腿、膝盖、大腿骨、小腿及足部均疼痛。（原注：肺火并入肝脏则导致悲伤。）
肾脉发生病变时，其外在表现为面色发黑、容易恐惧、打哈欠；内在表现为肚脐下方有搏动感，按压时感觉坚实或疼痛。其病症包括气逆、小腹急痛、腹泻且伴有肛门重坠感、小腿寒冷且逆冷、腹部肿大伴小腿肿胀、盗汗、心情不愉快。
喜欢哭泣的，是肺病。喜欢唱歌的，是脾病。喜欢狂乱的，是心病。喜欢呼叫的，是肝病。喜欢呻吟的，是肾病。
心病的表现是舌短缩、颧骨发红。肝病的表现是眼角发青。脾病的表现是嘴唇发黄。肺病的表现是喘息、鼻孔张开。肾病的表现是颧骨和颜面发黑。
肝热症见小便黄，身体发热、惊悸且狂乱，肢体烦扰、胁肋胀满疼痛，无法安稳卧床休息。（原注：肝热时右脸颊先发红。）
心热症见心痛在心脏部位，容易呕吐、频繁头痛，烦闷心情不愉快，面色发红且无汗蒸腾感。（原注：心热时面部和额头先发红。）
脾热症见先感到头部沉重，面色青、颈部和脸颊疼痛，心烦、腹部胀满腹泻，想要呕吐、身体发热且肢体舒展。（原注：脾热时鼻子先发红。）
肺热症见舌苔黄厚，气喘咳嗽、皮毛寒冷，疼痛游走于胸膺背部，身体发热且自然出汗。（原注：肺热时右脸颊先发红。）
肾热症见疼痛先在腰部，身体发热、苦于口渴焦躁，肚脐酸软、脚底发热，颈部疼痛、懒言少语。（原注：肾热时下巴先发红。）
忧愁恐惧会损伤心脏，形体受寒、饮用冷水会损伤肺脏，坠落跌打或大怒会损伤肝脏，饮食劳倦、出汗后当风会损伤脾脏，坐卧湿地、房事过度会损伤肾脏，这是直接损伤五脏的情况。（原注：久视伤血，久卧伤气，久坐伤肉，久立伤骨，久行伤筋，这称为五劳所伤。）
肺和心脏有邪气，其气停留于两肘；肝脏有邪气，其气停留于两腋；脾脏有邪气，其气停留于两髀（大腿根部）；肾脏有邪气，其气停留于两胴（腘窝）。这八个部位称为“八虚”，是关节枢纽所在，也是真气气血经脉经过的地方。邪气和恶血停留于此，就会损伤经络骨节。关节功能不利，就会导致屈伸不便。
饮食过饱，汗出于胃。惊恐夺精，汗出于心。负重远行，汗出于肾。疾走恐惧，汗出于肝。身体摇动劳累，汗出于脾。（原注：汗虽然是心的液，但五脏都有汗。）
面色多青色，主痛证。多黑色，主痹证。黄赤色，主热证。多白色，主寒证。五色都出现，主寒热错杂。
胃中有热，则消化食物快，使人心中悬空易饥，肚脐以上的皮肤发热。肠中有热，则排出黄色如糜状的粪便，肚脐以下的皮肤发冷。胃中有寒，则腹部胀满。肠中有寒，则肠鸣腹泻（完谷不化）。胃寒肠热，则既胀满又腹泻。肠寒胃热，则容易饥饿、小腹痛胀。
大肠有寒的，大便多为鸭溏状；有热的，大便浑浊垢腻。小肠有寒的，排便重坠便血；有热的，患痔疮。各种疮疡的疼痛瘙痒，都属于心。各种风证的震颤眩晕，都属于肝。各种湿证的浮肿胀满，都属于脾。各种气机的愤郁不畅，都属于肺。各种寒证的收缩牵引，都属于肾。
心气虚则悲伤，心气实则笑个不停。肝气虚则恐惧，肝气实则愤怒。脾气虚则四肢不能运用。五脏不安，气实则腹部胀满、大小便不利。肺气虚则鼻塞、气短，肺气实则胸部胀满、喘喝。肾气虚则厥冷，肾气实则腹胀。
内伤与外感的辨别
因情欲、饮食不当而致病，称为内伤。因风寒、暑湿侵袭而致病，称为外感。内伤发热，时热时止；外感发热，高热不止。内伤恶寒，得暖便缓解；外感恶寒，虽加衣烤火也不除。内伤头痛，痛一阵歇一阵；外感头痛，持续疼痛不停。内伤则手心热甚，外感则手背热甚。内伤则口淡无味，外感则鼻塞不通。内伤则人迎脉盛（注：此处原文可能有误，通常内伤气口盛，外感人迎盛，依下文修正理解），多属不足，宜温补调和；外感则人迎脉盛，多属有余，宜发汗、催吐、攻下。盖左人迎主表，右气口主里；内伤则右脉大于左脉，外感则左脉大于右脉。
时疫论
时疫的邪气，都是由湿土郁蒸产生的秽气升腾而引发的。人接触到它，从口鼻进入募原，进而到达阳明经，脉象必定右边盛于左边。因为湿土之邪，同类相吸，所以最先侵犯胃腑。初感一二日内，邪气侵犯募原，只觉得背部轻微恶寒，头额晕胀，胸膈痞闷胀满，手指酸麻，这是时疫的先兆。到了三日以后，邪气乘体表虚弱而向外发散，就会出现昏热、头汗、咽喉肿痛、发斑的祸患；邪气乘体内虚弱而向内陷入，或者夹杂饮食停滞，就会出现呕吐逆气、痞闷胀满、嘈杂不适、出血、自利、吐蛔虫的祸患。如果此人平时津液枯竭，兼有停滞，就会出现谵语、发狂、舌苔黄黑、大便不通的祸患；平时阴虚，就会出现头面赤热、足膝逆冷、夜间发热的祸患；至于呃逆、冷汗、气喘乏力、烦躁扰动、抽搐等证候，都是由于误治导致的。大抵疫疠之邪，从阳明中道随表里虚实而发作，不遵循经络传变的次序，且邪气内伏，不能一发就尽。有的得汗后热退，二三天后又像以前一样发热；有的得下法后里气调和，二三天后又出现表热；有的表证和解后又出现里证，这都是余邪未尽的缘故。（原注：疫病最忌讳吃肉，病情虽小愈，吃肉必然复发并产生变证。）
肝风论
肝脏是风木之脏，寄居相火，体阴用阳，性质刚强。主动主升，完全依赖肾水来涵养它，血液来濡润它，肺金清肃下降之气来制约它，使其平衡，中宫敦厚的土气来培育它，顺应其条达的性情，自然就没有风燥的祸患。倘若精液亏损，肝阴不足，血燥生热，风阳上升，窍络阻塞，头目不清爽，眩晕跌倒，甚至出现抽搐痉挛、昏厥。这时应当舒缓肝之急以息风，滋补肾之液以驱热，如虎潜丸、侯氏黑散、地黄饮子、滋肾丸、复脉汤等方剂加减。如果是思虑烦劳，风阳内扰，则营分热、心悸、惊恐失眠、胁下跳动，治疗用酸枣仁汤、补心丹加减，清营热而收敛心神。如果是因动怒郁勃，风火痰交炽，则宜用二陈汤合龙胆泻肝汤，甚至木旺克土，呕吐逆气不食，治法用泄肝安胃，选用生地、阿胶、牡蛎、天冬麦冬、山茱萸、桑叶、丹皮、麻仁、茯苓、当归、白芍、菊花、竹沥、姜汁之类，选择使用即可。
阴阳为病
人身就是一个阴阳。阴气平和秘固，精神才能正常。阴气从足上行至头，然后下行从手臂至指尖；阳气从手上行至头，然后下行至足。阴根于阳，阴病至极，则会连带损伤阳；阳病至极，则会连带损伤阴。阳虚者，阴必走散；阴虚者，阳必荡涤。阳虚则外寒，阴虚则内热。阳盛生外热，阴盛生内寒。（原注：阳气不行，阴气乃结。）
阳经受风气，风是阳邪。阴经受湿气，湿是阴邪。阳病者，上行至极则向下；阴病者，下行至极则向上，所以伤于风的，上部先受邪（原注：风为天气，极则下行）；伤于湿的，下部先受邪。（原注：湿为地气，极则上行。邪入于阳则狂，邪入于阴则痹。抟聚于阳则为癫，抟聚于阴则为薤/痹。）
阴盛则阳病，阳盛则阴病。阳胜则热，阴胜则寒。寒极生热，热极生寒。
阳气起于足五指之表。阳脉，聚集于膝下而汇聚于膝上，所以阳气衰、阴气盛，则从五指至膝上寒冷，这叫寒厥。阴气起于足五指之里。阴脉，聚集于足下而汇聚于足心，所以阴气衰、阳气盛，则足下发热，这叫热厥。
阳胜则身体发热，腠理闭塞，呼吸粗重，为此俯仰不定，不出汗，牙齿干燥，因烦冤腹满而死，耐冬不耐夏。阴胜则身体寒冷，出汗（原注：阳虚不能卫外也），身体常觉清冷，频繁战栗发冷，冷则厥逆，厥逆则腹满而死，能夏不能冬。
六气为病
风胜则动摇，热胜则肿胀，燥胜则干枯，寒胜则浮起（原注：寒变为热，神气乃浮），湿胜则濡泻。
冬天伤于寒，春天必患温病。春天伤于风，夏天生飧泄。夏天伤于暑，秋天必患疟疾。秋天伤于湿，冬天生咳嗽。
邪气盛则实证，精气夺则虚证。清气在下，则生飧泄；浊气在上，则生膜胀。
因于寒，起居惊恐，神气乃浮。因于暑，自汗，烦则喘喝，静则多言，身体如火烧炭，汗出而散。因于湿，头如包裹（原注：头目昏重也）。湿热不除，大筋软短，为拘挛；小筋弛长，为痿废。因于气，为肿胀。
胃为戊土，属阳。脾为己土，属阴。胃为阳腑，宜通降。脾为阴脏，宜藏纳。人摄入食物主要靠胃，运化主要靠脾。脾升则健运，下陷则生病。胃降则和顺，上逆则生病。大概太阴湿土，得阳始通，所以脾喜干燥；阳明燥土，得阴自安，所以胃气柔润。张仲景急下存津，其治疗重点在胃；李东垣大升阳气，其治疗重点在脾，脾陷者，宜用补中益气汤、升阳益胃汤、理中汤；胃燥者，宜用玉竹、石斛、麦冬、沙参、麻仁、甘蔗之类。
病后补虚有两种方法，一是补脾，一是补胃。如疟痢之后，脾气衰弱，饮食不能运化，宜补其脾；伤寒之后，胃中津液久耗，新者未生，宜补其胃。补脾用补中益气汤、六君子汤等；补胃用二冬、生地、阿胶、梨汁、甘蔗之类。
凡是外感之邪日久，必归并于阳明。邪重而有食积，则结成燥屎，三承气汤主治；邪轻而无食积，则凝为热痰，泻心汤主治，仍视证候加减。
（原注：太阳为寒水之经，主周身之气，又主皮毛，而为肤表之第一层，故风寒必首伤太阳也。太阳病欲解，时从至巳未上。）
太阳病的主要症状，脉浮、头痛、项强，且恶寒，若伴有发热、汗出、脉缓、恶风、鼻鸣、干呕者，是风邪中于太阳之肌腠，宜用桂枝汤。若伴有发热、身痛、脉紧、无汗、呕逆而喘者，是寒邪伤于阳之肤表，宜用麻黄汤。若无汗而烦躁者，宜用大青龙汤。若干呕而咳（原注：有水气），宜用小青龙汤。若项背强几几、无汗、恶风者，宜用葛根汤。若八九日不解，寒热如疟，面热身痒，因为不得小汗的缘故，宜用桂枝麻黄各半汤。若服桂枝汤得汗后，症状如疟，一日发作两次者，是余邪未解，宜用桂枝二麻黄一汤。
（原注：表邪不去，必入于里。膀胱为表中之里也。）
太阳病，脉浮、口渴、烦躁、不得眠、小便不利、水入即吐者，是膀胱蓄水证，宜用五苓散。若脉沉、面赤、其人如狂、小腹硬满、小便自利者，是膀胱蓄血证，宜用桃仁承气汤。
（原注：汗下失宜，或虚其阳，则从少阴。阴化之证，多以太阳少阴为表里也。或伤其阴，则从阳明阳化之证，多以太阳阳明递相传也。）
太阳病发汗太过，遂漏汗不止，其人恶风、小便难、四肢微急、难以屈伸者，宜用桂枝汤加附子。
发汗太过，其人仍发热、心下悸、头眩、身体困动、振振欲倒地者，真武汤主治。
不应下而下之，续得下利清谷、身疼痛者，先宜四逆汤以救里，后宜桂枝汤以解表。
太阳证误下，遂协热而利、心下痞硬、表里不解者，桂枝理中汤主治。（原注：理中汤加桂枝。）
病发热，头痛，脉反沉，若汗之不差，身体疼痛，当救其里，宜用四逆汤。大汗、大下利而厥冷者，亦宜用四逆汤。
发汗后病不解，反恶寒者，是虚故也，宜用芍药甘草附子汤。不恶寒，但热者，是实也，宜用调胃承气汤。
太阳病下之后，脉促、胸满者，汗出微恶寒者（原注：阳虚也），宜用桂枝去芍药加附子汤。
本是桂枝证，医反下之，利遂不止、脉促者，表未解也。喘而汗出者，葛根芩连甘草汤主治。
发汗后，身疼痛脉沉迟者，桂枝汤加人参主治。（原注：此荣卫虚也。）
发汗过多，其人叉手冒心、心下悸、欲得按者，归芍桂枝甘草汤主治。（原注：此汗伤心液也。）
发汗后，腹胀满者，厚朴生姜半夏甘草人参汤主治。（原注：此汗伤脾气也。）
发汗后，其人脐下悸，欲作奔豚，黄芩桂枝甘草大枣汤主治。（原注：此汗伤肾气也。）
伤寒若吐若下后，心下逆满、气上冲胸、起则头眩、脉沉紧、发汗则动经、身为振振摇者，苓桂术甘汤主治。（原注：此汗吐下伤肝脏也。）
吐下后，七八日不解、表里俱热、时时恶风、大渴而烦、舌上干燥、欲饮水数升者，人参白虎汤主治。
伤寒不大便六七日，头痛、有热、外不解，由于内不通也。下之，里和而表自解矣。与承气汤，病人烦热，汗出则解。又如疟状，日哺所发热，属阳明也。脉实者，宜下之，与承气汤；脉虚者，宜发汗，与桂枝汤。
发汗后，心下痞硬、干噫食臭、胁下有水气、腹中雷鸣、下利者，水停上焦也，宜生姜泻心汤。若误下，而泻利不止、心下痞硬、干呕心烦者，水火不交也，宜甘草泻心汤。
病发于阳而反下之，热入于里，从心至小腹硬满而痛不可近，脉迟者，为大结胸，宜大陷胸汤。若结止在心下、按之始痛、脉浮滑者，宜小陷胸汤。若寒实结胸、无热证者，宜三物白散。若心下痞硬、痛引胁下、干呕短气、汗出不恶寒者，水气在中焦也，宜十枣汤。
汗吐下后，虚烦不眠、胸中窒滞，甚则反覆颠倒、心中懊侬，栀子豉汤主治。呕者，加生姜。少气者，加甘草。若烦而腹满、卧起不安者，栀子枳实厚朴汤主治。若大下之后，身热微烦者，水火不交也，栀子干姜汤主治。
伤寒六七日，发热微恶寒、支节疼痛、微呕、心下支结、外证未去者，柴胡桂枝汤主治。若汗下之后，胸胁微结、小便不利、渴而不呕、往来寒热、头汗心烦者，柴胡桂枝干姜汤主治。
太阳证诸方歌
When the Spleen pulse is diseased, its external manifestations include a yellowish complexion, frequent belching (Yi), excessive thinking, and heightened taste sensitivity; its internal manifestations include pulsation above the umbilicus, which feels firm or painful upon pressure. Its diseases include abdominal distension and fullness, indigestion, heaviness of the body, joint pain, lethargy and desire to lie down, weakness and inactivity of the four limbs, borborygmus with undigested food in stool (Sun Xie), tendency to cramps while walking, and pain at the soles of the feet.
When the Lung pulse is diseased, its external manifestations include a pale complexion, frequent sneezing, sadness and unhappiness, and a desire to cry; its internal manifestations include pulsation to the right of the umbilicus, which feels firm or painful upon pressure. Its diseases include wheezing and coughing, aversion to cold with shivering, alternating chills and fever, sweating, dry throat, shoulder and back pain, and pain in the sacrum, yin region, thighs, knees, thighs bones, calves, and feet. (Original note: When Lung Fire merges with the Liver, it causes sadness.)
When the Kidney pulse is diseased, its external manifestations include a dark complexion, frequent fearfulness, and yawning; its internal manifestations include pulsation below the umbilicus, which feels firm or painful upon pressure. Its diseases include counterflow Qi, acute pain in the lower abdomen, diarrhea with a sensation of heaviness in the anus, coldness and reversal coldness in the calves, abdominal enlargement with swelling of the calves, night sweats, and dissatisfaction.
Those who love to cry have Lung disease. Those who love to sing have Spleen disease. Those who love to be manic have Heart disease. Those who love to shout have Liver disease. Those who love to moan have Kidney disease.
Heart disease manifests as a short tongue and red malar eminences. Liver disease manifests as bluish corners of the eyes. Spleen disease manifests as yellow lips. Lung disease manifests as panting and flaring of the nostrils. Kidney disease manifests as blackness of the malar eminences and face.
Liver Heat presents with yellow urine, body heat, fright and mania, limb irritability, hypochondriac distension and pain, and inability to rest peacefully in bed. (Original note: In Liver Heat, the right cheek reddens first.)
Heart Heat presents with pain in the heart region, frequent vomiting and headache, irritability and dissatisfaction, red face without sweat steaming. (Original note: In Heart Heat, the face and forehead redden first.)
Spleen Heat presents initially with heavy head, bluish complexion, neck and cheek pain, heart vexation, abdominal distension and diarrhea, desire to vomit, body heat, and relaxed limbs. (Original note: In Spleen Heat, the nose reddens first.)
Lung Heat presents with yellow thick coating on the tongue, wheezing and coughing, coldness of skin and hair, pain wandering through the chest, epigastrium, and back, body heat, and spontaneous sweating. (Original note: In Lung Heat, the right cheek reddens first.)
Kidney Heat presents with pain starting in the waist, body heat, bitter thirst and agitation, soreness at the umbilicus, heat at the soles of the feet, neck pain, and reluctance to speak. (Original note: In Kidney Heat, the chin reddens first.)
Worry and fear damage the Heart; exposure to cold and drinking cold water damage the Lungs; falling, trauma, or extreme anger damage the Liver; dietary excess, fatigue, sweating followed by wind exposure damage the Spleen; sitting or lying on damp ground and sexual excess damage the Kidneys. These are direct injuries to the Zang organs. (Original note: Prolonged viewing damages Blood; prolonged lying damages Qi; prolonged sitting damages flesh; prolonged standing damages bones; prolonged walking damages sinews. This is called injury from the Five Labors.)
When the Lungs and Heart have pathogenic factors, their Qi remains in the two elbows; when the Liver has pathogenic factors, their Qi remains in the two axillae; when the Spleen has pathogenic factors, their Qi remains in the two hips (thigh roots); when the Kidneys have pathogenic factors, their Qi remains in the two popliteal fossae. These eight voids (Ba Xu) are chambers of the joints and passages of true Qi, Blood, and meridians. If pathogenic factors and evil blood remain here, they damage the collaterals and bone joints. If joint function is impaired, flexion and extension become difficult.
After excessive eating, sweat comes from the Stomach. After fright that steals Essence, sweat comes from the Heart. After carrying heavy loads and traveling far, sweat comes from the Kidneys. After running fast and being frightened, sweat comes from the Liver. After bodily shaking and laborious work, sweat comes from the Spleen. (Original note: Although sweat is the fluid of the Heart, all five Zang organs produce sweat.)
A predominantly blue complexion indicates Pain. A predominantly black complexion indicates Bi syndrome. Yellow and red indicate Heat. A predominantly white complexion indicates Cold. If all five colors appear, it indicates mixed Cold and Heat.
Heat in the Stomach leads to rapid digestion, causing a hanging feeling in the heart and frequent hunger, with heat in the skin above the umbilicus. Heat in the Intestines leads to passage of yellow, mushy stool, with coldness in the skin below the umbilicus. Cold in the Stomach leads to abdominal distension. Cold in the Intestines leads to borborygmus and undigested food in stool. Cold Stomach and Heat Intestines lead to both distension and diarrhea. Cold Intestines and Heat Stomach lead to frequent hunger, lower abdominal pain, and distension.
Cold in the Large Intestine results in duck-like loose stools; Heat results in turbid, dirty stools. Cold in the Small Intestine results in heaviness in defecation and bloody stool; Heat results in hemorrhoids. All sores and ulcers with pain and itching belong to the Heart. All Wind patterns with tremors and dizziness belong to the Liver. All Damp patterns with edema and fullness belong to the Spleen. All Qi patterns with stagnation and depression belong to the Lungs. All Cold patterns with contraction and pulling belong to the Kidneys.
Heart Qi deficiency leads to sadness; Heart Qi excess leads to incessant laughter. Liver Qi deficiency leads to fear; Liver Qi excess leads to anger. Spleen Qi deficiency leads to inability to use the four limbs. Disharmony of the five Zang organs with excess leads to abdominal distension and difficulty in urination and defecation. Lung Qi deficiency leads to nasal congestion and shortness of breath; Lung Qi excess leads to chest fullness and wheezing. Kidney Qi deficiency leads to Jue (cold extremities); Kidney Qi excess leads to distension.
Differentiation of Internal Injury and External Contraction
Injury from emotions/desires and diet constitutes Internal Injury. Injury from Wind-Cold, Summer-heat, and Dampness constitutes External Contraction. Internal Injury fever is intermittent; External Contraction fever is high and unceasing. Internal Injury aversion to cold resolves with warmth; External Contraction aversion to cold persists despite heating. Internal Injury headache is intermittent; External Contraction headache is continuous. Internal Injury presents with greater heat in the palms; External Contraction presents with greater heat in the backs of the hands. Internal Injury presents with bland taste; External Contraction presents with nasal congestion. Internal Injury presents with a prominent Qi Kou pulse (radial artery), indicating deficiency, suitable for warming, tonifying, and harmonizing; External Contraction presents with a prominent Ren Ying pulse (carotid artery), indicating excess, suitable for sweating, vomiting, and purging. Generally, the left Ren Ying governs the exterior, and the right Qi Kou governs the interior; in Internal Injury, the right pulse is larger than the left; in External Contraction, the left pulse is larger than the right.
Discussion on Seasonal Epidemics
The pathogen of seasonal epidemics arises from the stagnation and steaming of damp earth, generating foul qi that rises. Upon contact, it enters via the mouth and nose, reaches the Mu Yuan (Master Source), and then arrives at the Yangming Meridian. The pulse will definitely be stronger on the right than on the left. Because the pathogen of damp earth follows its kind, it attacks the Stomach first. Within one or two days of initial infection, the pathogen attacks the Mu Yuan, causing slight aversion to cold on the back, dizziness and distension of the head and forehead, stuffiness and fullness in the chest and diaphragm, and numbness and soreness in the fingers. This is the harbinger of seasonal epidemic. After three days, if the pathogen exploits exterior deficiency to emerge outward, complications such as confused fever, head sweat, swollen throat, and macules may occur; if it exploits interior deficiency to sink inward, or combines with food stagnation, complications such as vomiting, reflux, stuffiness, fullness, acid regurgitation, bleeding, spontaneous diarrhea, and expulsion of roundworms may occur. If the person usually has depleted fluids combined with stagnation, complications such as delirium, mania, yellow-black tongue coating, and constipation may occur; if the person usually has Yin deficiency, complications such as red-hot head and face, cold knees and feet, and nighttime fever may occur. As for hiccups, cold sweat, asthma and fatigue, restlessness, and convulsions, these are all caused by mis-treatment. Generally, the epidemic pathogen emerges from the Yangming middle pathway according to exterior-interior and deficiency-excess, without following the sequence of meridian transmission. Since the pathogen lies latent internally, it cannot be cleared in one release. Some may have fever resolve after sweating, only to recur like before after two or three days; some may have interior harmony after purging, only to show exterior heat again after two or three days; some may have exterior resolution followed by interior symptoms. These are all due to incomplete clearance of residual pathogens. (Original note: Meat consumption is strictly forbidden in epidemic diseases; even if the illness slightly improves, eating meat will inevitably cause recurrence and transformation of symptoms.)
Discussion on Liver Wind
The Liver is the organ of Wind and Wood, housing Minister Fire internally. Its substance is Yin, but its function is Yang, and its nature is rigid. It is active and ascending, relying entirely on Kidney Water to nourish it, Blood to moisten it, Lung Metal's clear descending action to regulate it, and the central Earth's fertile quality to support it. Thus complying with its free-flowing nature, there will naturally be no harm from Wind and Dryness. However, if Essence and Fluids are deficient, Liver Yin is insufficient, Blood Dryness generates Heat, and Wind-Yang ascends, blocking orifices and collaterals, leading to unclear head and eyes, vertigo, and falls, and even spasms and convulsions. At this time, one should soothe the Liver's urgency to extinguish Wind, and nourish the Kidney's fluids to drive out Heat, using formulas such as Hu Qian Wan, Hou Shi Hei San, Di Huang Yin Zi, Zi Sheng Wan, Mai Mai Fu Mai Tang (Pulse-Nourishing Decoction), etc., modified as needed. If mental worry and overwork disturb Wind-Yang internally, leading to Ying-level Heat, palpitations, fright, insomnia, and jumping under the ribs, treat with Suan Zao Ren Tang or Xin Dan (Heart-Nourishing Pill), modified to clear Ying-Heat and calm the Spirit. If caused by anger and depression, where Wind, Fire, and Phlegm blaze together, use Er Chen Tang combined with Long Dan Xie Gan Tang. Even if Wood overacts on Earth, causing vomiting and anorexia, the method is to drain the Liver and soothe the Stomach, using herbs such as Sheng Di, E Jiao, Mu Li, Dong Tian/Dong Bei, Shan Zhu Yu, Sang Ye, Dan Pi, Ma Ren, Fu Ling, Dang Gui, Bai Shao, Ju Hua, Zhu Li, and Jiang Zhi, selected as appropriate.
Diseases of Yin and Yang
The human body is a unity of Yin and Yang. When Yin is peaceful and Yang is secure, spirit and mind are regulated. Yin Qi ascends from the feet to the head, then descends from the arms to the fingertips; Yang Qi ascends from the hands to the head, then descends to the feet. Yin is rooted in Yang; when Yin disease is extreme, it damages Yang; when Yang disease is extreme, it damages Yin. In Yang deficiency, Yin must scatter; in Yin deficiency, Yang must dissipate. Yang deficiency leads to exterior cold; Yin deficiency leads to interior heat. Yang excess generates exterior heat; Yin excess generates interior cold. (Original note: When Yang Qi does not move, Yin Qi condenses.)
Yang channels receive Wind, which is a Yang pathogen. Yin channels receive Dampness, which is a Yin pathogen. Yang diseases ascend to the extreme and then descend; Yin diseases descend to the extreme and then ascend. Therefore, those injured by Wind are affected first in the upper part (Original note: Wind is Heaven's Qi, and at its extreme, it descends); those injured by Dampness are affected first in the lower part. (Original note: Dampness is Earth's Qi, and at its extreme, it ascends. Pathogens entering Yang cause Mania; pathogens entering Yin cause Bi syndrome. Aggregating in Yang causes Dian; aggregating in Yin causes Bi/obstruction.)
Yin excess causes Yang disease; Yang excess causes Yin disease. Yang victory leads to Heat; Yin victory leads to Cold. Extreme Cold generates Heat; extreme Heat generates Cold.
Yang Qi originates from the exterior of the five toes of the foot. Yang pulses gather below the knee and converge above the knee. Therefore, when Yang Qi declines and Yin Qi is abundant, coldness extends from the five toes to above the knee, known as Cold Jue. Yin Qi originates from the interior of the five toes of the foot. Yin pulses gather at the sole and converge at the center of the foot. Therefore, when Yin Qi declines and Yang Qi is abundant, heat occurs at the soles of the feet, known as Heat Jue.
Yang victory leads to body heat, closed pores, coarse breathing, difficulty in bending and stretching, absence of sweat, dry teeth, and death due to vexation and abdominal fullness. One endures Winter but not Summer. Yin victory leads to body coldness, sweating (Original note: Yang deficiency fails to guard the exterior), constant feeling of chill, frequent shivering and coldness, leading to Jue, which leads to abdominal fullness and death. One endures Summer but not Winter.
Diseases of the Six Qi
Wind excess leads to movement/tremor. Heat excess leads to swelling. Dryness excess leads to dryness. Cold excess leads to floating/edema (Original note: When Cold transforms into Heat, Shen Qi floats). Dampness excess leads to watery diarrhea.
Injury by Cold in Winter leads to Warm Disease in Spring. Injury by Wind in Spring leads to Sun Xie (undigested food diarrhea) in Summer. Injury by Summer-heat in Summer leads to Xuan Nue (malaria) in Autumn. Injury by Dampness in Autumn leads to Cough in Winter.
Cold injures the Form; Heat injures Qi. Injury to Form leads to swelling; injury to Qi leads to pain.
Excess of pathogenic Qi constitutes Excess syndrome; depletion of essential Qi constitutes Deficiency syndrome. Clear Qi sinking below leads to Sun Xie; Turbid Qi rising above leads to abdominal distension.
Due to Cold, daily activities cause fright, and Shen Qi floats. Due to Summer-heat, there is spontaneous sweating; vexation leads to wheezing and shouting; stillness leads to excessive talking; the body is like burning charcoal, resolving with sweat. Due to Dampness, the head feels wrapped (Original note: Heavy and dizzy head and eyes). If Damp-Heat is not removed, large tendons become soft and short, causing contracture; small tendons become lax and long, causing flaccidity. Due to Qi stagnation, swelling occurs.
Discussion on Spleen and Stomach
The Stomach is Wu Earth, belonging to Yang. The Spleen is Ji Earth, belonging to Yin. The Stomach is a Yang Fu organ, suitable for unblocking and descending. The Spleen is a Yin Zang organ, suitable for storing and ascending. The Stomach is responsible for receiving food; the Spleen is responsible for transportation and transformation. When Spleen Qi ascends, it is healthy; when it sinks, it becomes diseased. When Stomach Qi descends, it is harmonious; when it rebels upward, it becomes diseased. Generally, Taiyin Damp Earth requires Yang to become unblocked, so the Spleen prefers dryness; Yangming Dry Earth finds peace with Yin, so Stomach Qi prefers moisture. Zhang Zhongjing's urgent purging to preserve fluids targets the Stomach; Li Dongyuan's great lifting of Yang Qi targets the Spleen. For Sinking Spleen, use Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang, Sheng Yang Yi Wei Tang, or Li Zhong Tang; for Dry Stomach, use Yu Zhu, Shi Hu, Mai Dong, Sha Shen, Ma Ren, Sugarcane, etc.
There are two methods for tonifying deficiency after illness: tonifying the Spleen and tonifying the Stomach. After malaria or dysentery, if Spleen Qi is weak and cannot transport food, tonify the Spleen; after Cold Damage, if Stomach fluids are long consumed and new ones not yet generated, tonify the Stomach. Tonify Spleen with Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang, Liu Jun Zi Tang, etc.; tonify Stomach with Dong Tian/Dong Bei, Sheng Di, E Jiao, Pear Juice, Sugarcane, etc.
Any external pathogen lingering for a long time must return to Yangming. If the pathogen is heavy and combined with food, it forms dry feces, treated with the Three Cheng Qi Decoctions; if the pathogen is light and without food, it condenses into Phlegm-Heat, treated with Xie Xin Tang, modified according to symptoms.
Fixed Methods for the Six Channels of Cold Damage
Taiyang Channel Syndrome
(Original note: Taiyang is the Cold-Water channel, governing Qi throughout the body and the skin/hair, being the first layer of the surface. Thus, Wind-Cold always injures Taiyang first. Taiyang disease resolves between 9 AM and 3 PM.)
Taiyang disease is characterized by floating pulse, headache, stiff neck, and aversion to cold. If accompanied by fever, sweating, slow pulse, aversion to wind, nasal congestion, and dry retching, it is Wind injuring the Taiyang muscle-coupling, treated with Guizhi Tang. If accompanied by fever, body pain, tight pulse, absence of sweat, vomiting, and wheezing, it is Cold injuring the Yang surface, treated with Mahuang Tang. If without sweat but with irritability, treat with Da Qing Long Tang. If with dry retching and cough (Original note: Presence of Water-Qi), treat with Xiao Qing Long Tang. If with stiff neck and back, absence of sweat, and aversion to wind, treat with Gegen Tang. If unresolved after eight or nine days, with chills and fever like malaria, red face, and body itch due to lack of slight sweating, treat with Guizhi Mahuang Ge Ban Tang. If after taking Guizhi Tang and sweating, symptoms resemble malaria occurring twice a day, residual pathogen is unresolved, treat with Guizhi Er Mahuang Yi Tang.
Taiyang Fu Organ Syndrome
(Original note: If exterior pathogen is not expelled, it must enter the interior. The Bladder is the interior within the exterior.)
Taiyang syndrome with floating pulse, thirst, irritability, insomnia, difficulty urinating, and vomiting immediately after drinking water is Bladder Water Accumulation, treated with Wu Ling San. If with deep pulse, red face, manic behavior, hardness and fullness in the lower abdomen, and normal urination, it is Bladder Blood Stasis, treated with Tao Ren Cheng Qi Tang.
Taiyang Transformation Syndrome
(Original note: Improper sweating or purging may empty Yang, leading to Shaoyin. Yin-transformation syndromes often have Taiyang and Shaoyin as exterior-interior. Or it may injure Yin, leading to Yangming. Yang-transformation syndromes often transmit sequentially from Taiyang to Yangming.)
If Taiyang disease sweating is excessive, leading to continuous leakage of sweat, aversion to wind, difficulty urinating, slight stiffness of four limbs, and difficulty in flexion and extension, treat with Guizhi Tang plus Fuzi.
If excessive sweating leaves the patient still febrile, with palpitations, dizziness, body trembling, and a desire to fall to the ground, Zhen Wu Tang treats it.
If purging is inappropriate, leading to continued diarrhea with undigested food and body pain, first use Si Ni Tang to rescue the interior, then use Guizhi Tang to resolve the exterior.
If Taiyang syndrome is incorrectly purged, leading to diarrhea with heat, epigastric hardness, and unresolved exterior-interior, Guizhi Lizhong Tang treats it. (Original note: Lizhong Tang plus Guizhi.)
If fever and headache present with a reverse deep pulse, and sweating does not improve it, with body pain, rescue the interior with Si Ni Tang. Profuse sweating, severe diarrhea, and cold extremities also require Si Ni Tang.
If after sweating the disease does not resolve, but aversion to cold appears, it is due to deficiency, treat with Shaoyao Gancao Fuzi Tang. If no aversion to cold but only heat, it is excess, treat with Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang.
If Taiyang disease is incorrectly purged and mild wheezing occurs, the exterior is unresolved. Guizhi Tang plus Houpo and Xingren treats it.
If after purging Taiyang disease, the pulse is hurried and there is chest fullness, with slight sweating and aversion to cold (Original note: Yang deficiency), Guizhi Qu Shaoyao Jia Fuzi Tang treats it.
If originally a Guizhi syndrome but incorrectly purged, leading to continuous diarrhea and hurried pulse, the exterior is unresolved. If wheezing and sweating occur, Gegen Qinlian Gancao Tang treats it.
If after sweating, there is no significant heat but wheezing, Mahuang Xingren Shigao Gancao Tang treats it.
If after sweating, body pain and a deep, slow pulse occur, Guizhi Tang plus Renshen treats it. (Original note: This is Ying-Wei deficiency.)
If excessive sweating causes the patient to cross hands over the heart, with palpitations and a desire for pressure, Guizhi Gancao Tang plus Danggui and Shaoyao treats it. (Original note: This sweat damages Heart fluids.)
If after sweating, abdominal distension and fullness occur, Houpo Shengjiang Banxia Gancao Renshen Tang treats it. (Original note: This sweat damages Spleen Qi.)
If after sweating, palpitations below the umbilicus occur, suggesting Ben Tun (rushing pig), Huangqin Guizhi Gancao Dazao Tang treats it. (Original note: This sweat damages Kidney Qi.)
If after Cold Damage, vomiting or purging leads to epigastric fullness and reflux, Qi rushing to the chest, dizziness upon standing, deep-tight pulse, and if sweating moves the collaterals causing body trembling, Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang treats it. (Original note: This sweating, vomiting, and purging damages the Liver.)
If Guizhi Tang is mistakenly taken, leading to unresolved sweating, severe vexation and thirst, and a flooding pulse, Renshen Baitu Tang treats it.
After vomiting and purging, if unresolved after seven or eight days, with exterior-interior heat, occasional aversion to wind, severe thirst and vexation, dry tongue, and desire to drink several liters of water, Renshen Baitu Tang treats it.
If Cold Damage presents with constipation for six or seven days, headache, fever, and unresolved exterior, it is due to interior obstruction. Purging harmonizes the interior and resolves the exterior. Give Cheng Qi Tang; if the patient is vexed and hot, sweating resolves it. If resembling malaria with afternoon fever, it belongs to Yangming. If the pulse is solid, purge with Cheng Qi Tang; if the pulse is deficient, sweat with Guizhi Tang.
If after sweating, epigastric hardness, dry belching with food odor, Water-Qi under the ribs, borborygmus, and diarrhea occur, Water stops in the Upper Jiao. Shengjiang Xiexin Tang treats it. If incorrectly purged, leading to continuous diarrhea, epigastric hardness, dry retching, and vexation, Fire and Water do not interact. Gancao Xiexin Tang treats it.
If a disease originating in Yang is incorrectly purged, Heat enters the interior, causing hardness, fullness, and unbearable pain from the heart to the lower abdomen. If the pulse is slow, it is Great Jie Xiong (Tie Chest), treated with Da Xian Xiong Tang. If the knot is only in the epigastrium, painful only on pressure, with a floating-slippery pulse, Xiao Xian Xiong Tang treats it. If Cold-Real Jie Xiong with no heat signs, San Wu Bai San treats it. If epigastric hardness, pain radiating to the ribs, dry retching, shortness of breath, sweating without aversion to cold, Water-Qi is in the Middle Jiao. Shi Zao Tang treats it.
After sweating, vomiting, and purging, if empty vexation prevents sleep, chest oppression, even tossing and turning, and deep remorse in the heart, Zhizi Chi Tang treats it. Add Shengjiang for vomiting; add Gancao for shortness of breath. If vexation with abdominal fullness and restlessness, Zhizi Zhishi Houpo Tang treats it. If after severe purging, body heat and slight vexation occur, Fire and Water do not interact. Zhizi Ganjiang Tang treats it.
If Cold Damage for six or seven days presents with fever, slight aversion to cold, joint pain, slight vomiting, subcostal fullness, and unresolved exterior signs, Chaihu Guizhi Tang treats it. If after sweating and purging, slight chest-hypochondriac knotting, difficulty urinating, thirst without vomiting, alternating chills and fever, head sweat, and vexation occur, Chaihu Guizhi Jiangxin Tang treats it.
After sweating, vomiting, and purging, if epigastric hardness and persistent belching occur, Xuanfu Daihe Shi Tang treats it.
Various Songs for Taiyang Syndrome Formulas