冲脉者,与任脉皆起于胞中,上循脊里,为经络之海。其浮于外者,循腹上行,会于咽喉,
别而络唇口。故曰冲脉者起于气冲,并足少阴之经侠脐上行至胸中而散。此为病,令人逆气而里
急。《难经》则曰∶并足阳明之经。以穴考之,足阳明侠脐左右各二寸而上行,足少阴侠脐左右
各五分而上行。《针经》所载冲任与督脉同起于会阴。其在腹也,行乎幽门、通谷、阴都、石关、
商曲、肓俞、中柱、四满、气穴、大赫、横骨,凡二十二穴皆足少阴之分也,然则冲脉并足少阴
之经明矣。
幽门(巨阙旁) 通谷(上脘两旁) 阴都(通谷下) 石关(阴都下) 商曲(石
关下) 肓俞(商曲下) 中注(肓俞下) 四满(中注下) 气穴(四满下) 大赫(气穴下)
横骨(大赫下)
逆气里急者取诸此。
带脉起于季胁,回身一周。其为病也,腰腹纵容如囊水之状。其脉气所发,正名带脉,以其
回身一周如带也。又与足少阳会于维道。此带脉所发,凡四穴。
带脉(在季胁下一寸八分) 维道
阳跷脉者,起于跟中,循外踝上行入风池。其为病也,令人阴缓而阳急。两足跷脉本太阳之
别,合于太阳。其气上行,气并相远则为濡目,气不荣则目不合。男子数其阳,女子数其阴。当
数者为经,不当数者为络也。
跷脉长八尺。所发之穴生于申脉,以辅阳为 ,本于仆参。与足少阳会于居 ,又与手阳明会于
肩及巨骨,又与手足太阳阳维会于 俞,与手足阳明会于地仓,又与手足阳明会于巨 ,又与
任脉足阳明会于承泣。凡二十穴。
申脉(外踝下,属足太阳经) 辅阳(外踝上) 仆参(跟骨上) 居 (章门下) 肩
(肩端) 巨骨(肩端) 俞(肩 后胛骨上廉) 地仓(口吻两旁) 巨 (鼻两旁) 承泣(目下七分)
冲脉,与任脉都起始于胞宫(子宫及卵巢等生殖器官所在部位),向上沿着脊柱内部行走,是全身经络气血汇聚的海洋。其中浮行于体表的分支,沿着腹部上行,交汇于咽喉部,再分出支脉联络嘴唇和口角。所以说冲脉起始于气冲穴,并伴同足少阴肾经夹持肚脐上行至胸部而散开。当此脉发生病变时,会导致人体出现气机上逆且腹部拘急疼痛的症状。《难经》则记载说它伴同足阳明胃经行走。通过穴位位置来考证,足阳明胃经在肚脐左右各二寸处上行,足少阴肾经在肚脐左右各五分处上行。《灵枢·针经》记载冲脉、任脉与督脉共同起始于会阴穴。在腹部这一段,它们经过幽门、通谷、阴都、石关、商曲、肓俞、中注(原文误作中柱)、四满、气穴、大赫、横骨这二十二个穴位,这些穴位都属于足少阴肾经的范畴,由此可见冲脉是伴同足少阴肾经行走的,这是很明确的。
幽门穴(位于巨阙穴旁) 通谷穴(位于上脘穴两旁) 阴都穴(位于通谷穴下方) 石关穴(位于阴都穴下方) 商曲穴(位于石关穴下方) 肓俞穴(位于商曲穴下方) 中注穴(位于肓俞穴下方) 四满穴(位于中注穴下方) 气穴穴(位于四满穴下方) 大赫穴(位于气穴穴下方) 横骨穴(位于大赫穴下方)
对于气机上逆和腹部拘急疼痛的症状,可以选取上述穴位进行治疗。
带脉起始于季胁(侧胸下部),环绕身体一周。当它发生病变时,腰部松弛无力,腹部膨隆,形状像装有水的囊袋一样。这条经脉的气血所发出的穴位,正式名称为带脉穴,因为它环绕身体一周如同腰带一般。此外,它还在此处与足少阳胆经交汇于维道穴。这是带脉气血发出的穴位,共有四个穴位(此处列举了两个主要穴位)。
阳跷脉起始于足跟中部,沿着外踝向上行走进入风池穴。当它发生病变时,会导致人体阴侧肌肉松弛而阳侧肌肉拘急痉挛。两足的跷脉原本是太阳经的别络,合并汇入太阳经。其气血向上运行,如果气血并行且距离较远,则能使眼睛湿润有神;如果气血不能濡养眼部,则眼睛无法闭合。男子以阳跷脉为主进行计数,女子以阴跷脉为主进行计数。应当被计数的作为正经,不应当被计数的作为络脉。
跷脉的长度为八尺。其所发出的穴位产生于申脉穴,以辅阳穴为辅助,根本在于仆参穴。它与足少阳胆经交汇于居髎穴,又与手阳明大肠经交汇于肩井穴及巨骨穴,又与手足太阳经及阳维脉交汇于天髎穴,与手足阳明经交汇于地仓穴,又与手足阳明经交汇于巨髎穴,又与任脉及足阳明胃经交汇于承泣穴。共计二十个穴位。
申脉穴(位于外踝下方,属于足太阳膀胱经) 辅阳穴(位于外踝上方) 仆参穴(位于跟骨上方) 居髎穴(位于章门穴下方) 肩井穴(位于肩端) 巨骨穴(位于肩端) 天髎穴(位于肩后胛骨上缘) 地仓穴(位于口角两旁) 巨髎穴(位于鼻翼两旁) 承泣穴(位于目下七分处)
Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel), along with Ren Mai (Conception Vessel), originates from Bao Zhong (uterus and reproductive organs), ascends along the interior of the spine, and serves as the sea of the meridians. Its branch floating on the exterior ascends along the abdomen, converges at the throat, and diverges to connect with the lips and mouth. Therefore, it is said that Chong Mai originates from Qichong (ST30) and runs alongside the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian, flanking the navel upwards to the chest where it disperses. When this vessel is diseased, it causes rebellious Qi and abdominal urgency. The Nan Jing states that it runs alongside the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. Examining the acupoints, the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian ascends two cun lateral to the navel, while the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian ascends five fen lateral to the navel. The Zhen Jing records that Chong Mai, Ren Mai, and Du Mai all originate from Huiyin (CV1). In the abdomen, they pass through Youmen (KI15), Tonggu (KI16), Yindu (KI17), Shiguan (KI18), Shangqu (KI19), Huangshu (KI16, note: text says Huangshu but context implies KI19/Shangqu sequence or typo for Zhongzhu/Zhongzhu is likely Zhongzhu KI16 variant or error, standard list usually includes these KI points), Zhongzhu (KI20, text says Zhongzhu but standard is Zhongzhu/KI20 often listed as Zhongzhu or similar, here translated as Zhongzhu based on text "中柱" which is likely a typo for 中注 Zhongzhu KI20), Siman (KI21), Qixue (KI22), Dahe (KI23), and Henggu (KI24). These twenty-two points all belong to the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian; thus, it is clear that Chong Mai runs alongside the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian.
Youmen (lateral to Juque CV14) Tonggu (bilateral to Shangwan CV13) Yindu (below Tonggu) Shiguan (below Yindu) Shangqu (below Shiguan) Huangshu (below Shangqu) Zhongzhu (below Huangshu) Siman (below Zhongzhu) Qixue (below Siman) Dahe (below Qixue) Henggu (below Dahe)
For symptoms of rebellious Qi and abdominal urgency, select these points.
Dai Mai (Girdle Vessel) originates from the hypochondrium and encircles the body once. When diseased, it causes the waist and abdomen to become lax and distended, resembling a bag filled with water. The meridian qi emerges at its named point, Dai Mai, because it encircles the body like a belt. It also intersects with the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian at Weidao (GB26). This is the emergence point of Dai Mai, totaling four points (text lists two main ones).
Dai Mai (one cun eight fen below the hypochondrium) Weidao (GB26)
Yang Qiao Mai (Yang Heel Vessel) originates in the middle of the heel, ascends along the lateral malleolus, and enters Fengchi (GB20). When diseased, it causes Yin to be slack and Yang to be tense. The Qiao vessels of both feet are originally branches of the Taiyang Meridian, merging into the Taiyang. Their Qi ascends; when Qi runs parallel and far apart, it moistens the eyes; when Qi fails to nourish, the eyes cannot close. For men, count the Yang; for women, count the Yin. The one counted is the regular channel, and the one not counted is the collateral.
The Qiao vessel is eight chi long. Its emerging points originate from Shenmai (BL62), assisted by Fuyang (BL60), rooted in Puxen (BL61). It intersects with the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian at Juliao (GB29), with the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian at Jianjing (GB21) and Jugu (LI1), with the Hand and Foot Taiyang and Yang Wei Mai at Tianliao (TE15), with the Hand and Foot Yangming at Dicang (ST4), with the Hand and Foot Yangming at Juliao (ST3), and with Ren Mai and Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian at Chengqi (ST1). There are twenty points in total.
Shenmai (below the lateral malleolus, belongs to Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian) Fuyang (above the lateral malleolus) Puxen (above the calcaneus) Juliao (below Zhangmen LR13) Jianjing (at the shoulder tip) Jugu (at the shoulder tip) Tianliao (on the upper border of the scapula posterior to the shoulder) Dicang (bilateral to the corner of the mouth) Juliao (bilateral to the nose) Chengqi (seven fen below the eye)