论曰伤寒干呕者，呕而无所出也。此因邪热在胃，或发汗解后，胃中不和，尚有蓄热，
气熏上焦，心下痞结，故令干呕，且诸邪气在胃，胃气上逆，皆发为呕。冷即寒痰凝滞，呕
出
治伤寒干呕不止。葛根汤方
葛根（锉一两） 茯苓（去黑皮半两） 半夏（汤洗七遍炒干三分） 白术（半两） 黄
（三
分锉） 人参（一两） 麦门冬（去心焙一两） 甘草（半两炙锉）
上八味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，生姜半分拍碎，枣二枚劈破，同煎至六分，去
滓温服。
治伤寒胃气虚热，干呕不止。竹茹汤方
淡竹茹（半两） 人参（一两） 前胡（去芦头三分） 甘草（半两炙） 芦根（一两）
葛根
（三分） 半夏（半两汤洗七遍切焙干）
上七味，锉如麻豆，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，入生姜一分拍碎，同煎至八分，去滓温服，
不计时候。
治伤寒脾胃有热，干呕烦满。茯苓汤方
白茯苓（去黑皮一两） 人参（一两） 半夏（汤洗七遍切炒干） 麦门冬（去心焙各
二两
粳米二合） 甘
上六味，粗捣筛，每服五钱匕，用水一盏半，生姜一分拍碎，枣三枚劈破，竹叶三七片，
同煎至八分，去滓温服日再。
治伤寒心脾虚热，干呕烦渴，不下食。芦根汤方
芦根（锉二两） 人参（一两半） 赤茯苓（去黑皮一两） 淡竹茹（一两） 甘草（炙
锉半两）
上五味，粗捣筛，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，入小麦半匙，生姜半分拍碎，同煎至一盏，
去滓温服日再。
治伤寒干呕，烦渴不止。枇杷叶汤方
枇杷叶（去毛姜汁炙） 麦门冬（去心焙） 葛根 人参（各三分） 白茯苓（去黑皮
半两）
甘草（炙锉一分）
上六味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，用水一盏，入生姜半分拍碎，同煎至七分去滓，不计时
候温服。
治伤寒干呕不止，手足逆冷。姜橘汤方
生姜（切焙） 陈橘皮（汤浸去白焙）
上二味，等分，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，煎至七分，去滓不拘时候温服。
治伤寒中风五六日以上，胸中烦，干呕。栝蒌实汤方
栝蒌实（一两） 柴胡（去苗八两） 黄芩（去黑心三两） 甘草（三两炙）
上四味，锉如麻豆，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，煎取一盏，去滓温服。
治伤寒热病干呕。芦根饮方
芦根（锉半两） 冬瓜皮（半两切焙）
上二味，粗捣筛，用水三盏，煎至一盏半，去滓分温二服，不计时候。
治伤寒后，胃中虚热，干呕不下食。人参汤方
人参（三分） 生姜（切焙半两） 陈橘皮（去白焙半两） 甘草（炙锉一两）
上四味，粗捣筛，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，煎至一盏，去滓温服。
治伤寒后胃气虚热，干呕不止，烦渴。陈橘皮汤方
陈橘皮（去白焙一两半） 甘草（炙锉半两） 枇杷叶（拭去毛一两半姜汁炙） 粟米
（三合）
上四味，粗捣筛，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，生姜半分拍碎，同煎至一盏，去滓温服，不
计时候。
治伤寒干呕，不下食。半夏汤方
半夏（汤洗七遍切焙干） 芦根 淡竹茹 麦门冬（去心焙） 人参 白茯苓（去黑皮
各一两）
上六味，粗捣筛，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，生姜一分拍碎，同煎至一盏，去滓温服日再。
治伤寒后，胃间余热，干呕不止。半夏木通汤方
半夏（半两汤洗七遍切焙干） 木通（锉一两） 芦根（锉一两半） 陈橘皮（去白焙
半两） 柴胡（去苗一两） 麦门冬（去心焙半两） 枇杷叶（拭去毛半两姜汁炙）
上七味，粗捣筛，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，入生姜一分拍碎，同煎至一盏，去滓食前温
服。
治伤寒胃气虚冷，干呕不止。人参煮散方
人参（一两） 芍药 白术（各三分） 陈橘皮（汤浸去白焙） 干姜（炮） 杏仁（汤
浸去皮尖双仁麸炒） 甘草（炙锉） 枳壳（去瓤麸炒各半两） 高良姜（一分）
上九味，捣为粗散，每服二钱匕，水一盏，入生姜五片，枣二枚劈破，煎至七分，去滓
热服，并三服，以稀粥投之，汗出即瘥。
治伤寒风邪在胃，干呕不止，饮食不下。人参丸方
人参 茯苓（去黑皮） 茯神（去木） 丁香 半夏（汤洗去滑焙） 白 豆（各等分）
上六味，捣罗为细末，滴水为丸，如梧桐子大，每服二十丸，生姜汤下。
治伤寒邪热虽退，胃中不和，干呕不已，甚则吐逆。白术饮方
白术 芦根 浓朴（去粗皮生姜汁炙各一两） 枇杷叶（去毛炙半两）
上四味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，入生姜五片，煎至七分，去滓温服。不拘时。
论述说：伤寒病出现干呕，是指想呕吐却无物可吐。这通常是因为邪热停留在胃中，或者在发汗解表之后，胃气不和，仍有蓄积的热邪，热气熏蒸上焦，导致心下（胃脘部）痞塞结聚，从而引起干呕。而且，各种邪气侵犯胃腑，导致胃气上逆，都会引发呕吐。如果是寒邪，则会导致寒痰凝滞，呕吐出清稀痰涎。
治疗伤寒干呕不止的葛根汤方：
葛根（锉碎一两）、茯苓（去掉黑皮半两）、半夏（用热水洗七遍后炒干三分）、白术（半两）、黄芩（三分，锉碎）、人参（一两）、麦门冬（去掉心焙干一两）、甘草（半两，炙后锉碎）。
以上八味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用三钱匕，加水一盏，生姜半块拍碎，大枣二枚劈破，一同煎煮至六分，去渣温服。
治疗伤寒胃气虚热、干呕不止的竹茹汤方：
淡竹茹（半两）、人参（一两）、前胡（去掉芦头三分）、甘草（半两，炙）、芦根（一两）、葛根（三分）、半夏（半两，热水洗七遍切开后焙干）。
以上七味药，锉成麻豆大小，每次服用五钱匕，加水一盏半，放入生姜一分拍碎，一同煎煮至八分，去渣温服，不拘时间。
治疗伤寒脾胃有热、干呕烦闷胀满的茯苓汤方：
白茯苓（去掉黑皮一两）、人参（一两）、半夏（热水洗七遍切开后炒干）、麦门冬（去掉心焙干各二两）、粳米（二合）、甘草（半两，炙）。
以上六味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用五钱匕，用水一盏半，生姜一分拍碎，大枣三枚劈破，竹叶二十七片，一同煎煮至八分，去渣温服，每日两次。
治疗伤寒心脾虚热、干呕烦渴、不能进食的芦根汤方：
芦根（锉碎二两）、人参（一两半）、赤茯苓（去掉黑皮一两）、淡竹茹（一两）、甘草（炙后锉碎半两）。
以上五味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用五钱匕，加水一盏半，放入小麦半匙，生姜半分拍碎，一同煎煮至一盏，去渣温服，每日两次。
治疗伤寒干呕、烦渴不止的枇杷叶汤方：
枇杷叶（去掉毛，用姜汁炙）、麦门冬（去掉心焙干）、葛根、人参（各三分）、白茯苓（去掉黑皮半两）、甘草（炙后锉碎一分）。
以上六味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用三钱匕，用水一盏，放入生姜半分拍碎，一同煎煮至七分去渣，不拘时间温服。
治疗伤寒干呕不止、手足逆冷的姜橘汤方：
生姜（切片焙干）、陈橘皮（热水浸泡去掉白瓤焙干）。
以上两味药，等量混合，粗捣筛过，每次服用三钱匕，加水一盏，煎煮至七分，去渣不拘时间温服。
治疗伤寒中风五六日以上、胸中烦闷、干呕的栝蒌实汤方：
栝蒌实（一两）、柴胡（去掉苗八两）、黄芩（去掉黑心三两）、甘草（三两，炙）。
以上四味药，锉成麻豆大小，每次服用五钱匕，加水一盏半，煎取一盏，去渣温服。
治疗伤寒热病干呕的芦根饮方：
芦根（锉碎半两）、冬瓜皮（半两，切后焙干）。
以上两味药，粗捣筛过，用水三盏，煎煮至一盏半，去渣分两次温服，不拘时间。
治疗伤寒后，胃中虚热、干呕不能进食的人参汤方：
人参（三分）、生姜（切片焙干半两）、陈橘皮（去掉白瓤焙干半两）、甘草（炙后锉碎一两）。
以上四味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用五钱匕，加水一盏半，煎煮至一盏，去渣温服。
治疗伤寒后胃气虚热、干呕不止、烦渴的陈橘皮汤方：
陈橘皮（去掉白瓤焙干一两半）、甘草（炙后锉碎半两）、枇杷叶（拭去毛一两半，用姜汁炙）、粟米（三合）。
以上四味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用五钱匕，加水一盏半，生姜半分拍碎，一同煎煮至一盏，去渣温服，不拘时间。
治疗伤寒干呕、不能进食的半夏汤方：
半夏（热水洗七遍切开后焙干）、芦根、淡竹茹、麦门冬（去掉心焙干）、人参、白茯苓（去掉黑皮各一两）。
以上六味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用五钱匕，加水一盏半，生姜一分拍碎，一同煎煮至一盏，去渣温服，每日两次。
治疗伤寒后，胃间余热、干呕不止的半夏木通汤方：
半夏（半两，热水洗七遍切开后焙干）、木通（锉碎一两）、芦根（锉碎一两半）、陈橘皮（去掉白瓤焙干半两）、柴胡（去掉苗一两）、麦门冬（去掉心焙干半两）、枇杷叶（拭去毛半两，用姜汁炙）。
以上七味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用五钱匕，加水一盏半，放入生姜一分拍碎，一同煎煮至一盏，去渣饭前温服。
治疗伤寒胃气虚冷、干呕不止的人参煮散方：
人参（一两）、芍药、白术（各三分）、陈橘皮（热水浸泡去掉白瓤焙干）、干姜（炮制）、杏仁（热水浸泡去掉皮尖双仁，麸炒）、甘草（炙后锉碎）、枳壳（去掉瓤麸炒各半两）、高良姜（一分）。
以上九味药，捣成粗散，每次服用二钱匕，加水一盏，放入生姜五片，大枣二枚劈破，煎煮至七分，去渣热服，共服三次，随后喝稀粥送服，出汗即痊愈。
治疗伤寒风邪在胃、干呕不止、饮食不下的人参丸方：
人参、茯苓（去掉黑皮）、茯神（去掉木心）、丁香、半夏（热水洗去滑腻焙干）、白豆蔻（各等分）。
以上六味药，捣罗成细末，滴水为丸，如梧桐子大，每次服用二十丸，用生姜汤送下。
治疗伤寒邪热虽退、胃中不和、干呕不已，甚至呕吐逆气的白术饮方：
白术、芦根、浓朴（去掉粗皮，用生姜汁炙各一两）、枇杷叶（去掉毛炙半两）。
以上四味药，粗捣筛过，每次服用三钱匕，加水一盏，放入生姜五片，煎煮至七分，去渣温服。不拘时间。
Discourse states: Dry retching (gan ou, dry heaving without vomiting) in cold damage (Shanghan) refers to the sensation of wanting to vomit but with nothing coming out. This is often caused by pathogenic heat remaining in the stomach, or after sweating to resolve the exterior, the stomach qi becomes disharmonious and retains accumulated heat. The heat steams upward to the upper jiao, causing palpitation and knotting below the heart (epigastric region), thus leading to dry retching. Furthermore, various pathogenic factors invading the stomach cause stomach qi to rebel upward, all resulting in vomiting. If it is due to cold, it leads to the stagnation of cold phlegm, vomiting clear fluid.
Ge Gen Tang (Kudzu Decoction) for treating persistent dry retching in cold damage:
Puerariae Radix (Ge Gen) [1 liang, crushed], Poria (Fu Ling) [0.5 liang, black skin removed], Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Ban Xia) [3 fen, washed seven times in hot water and stir-fried until dry], Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Bai Zhu) [0.5 liang], Scutellariae Radix (Huang Qin) [3 fen, crushed], Ginseng Radix (Ren Shen) [1 liang], Ophiopogonis Tuber (Mai Men Dong) [1 liang, heart removed and roasted], Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gan Cao) [0.5 liang, processed and crushed].
The above eight herbs are coarsely ground and sifted. Each dose consists of 3 qian bi, boiled with one sheng of water, half a piece of crushed fresh ginger, and two cracked dates, until reduced to 6/10. Strain and take warm.
Zhu Ru Tang (Bamboo Shavings Decoction) for treating deficiency-heat of stomach qi and persistent dry retching in cold damage:
Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam (Dan Zhu Ru) [0.5 liang], Ginseng Radix (Ren Shen) [1 liang], Peucedani Radix (Qian Hu) [3 fen, rhizome removed], Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gan Cao) [0.5 liang, processed], Phragmitis Rhizoma (Lu Gen) [1 liang], Puerariae Radix (Ge Gen) [3 fen], Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Ban Xia) [0.5 liang, washed seven times in hot water, sliced, and dried].
The above seven herbs are crushed to the size of hemp seeds. Each dose consists of 5 qian bi, boiled with 1.5 sheng of water and one fen of crushed fresh ginger, until reduced to 8/10. Strain and take warm at any time.
Fu Ling Tang (Poria Decoction) for treating heat in spleen and stomach with dry retching, vexation, and fullness in cold damage:
Poria (Bai Fu Ling) [1 liang, black skin removed], Ginseng Radix (Ren Shen) [1 liang], Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Ban Xia) [washed seven times in hot water, sliced, and stir-fried until dry], Ophiopogonis Tuber (Mai Men Dong) [2 liang each, heart removed and roasted], Oryzae Fructus Glutinosa (Jing Mi) [2 he], Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gan Cao) [0.5 liang, processed].
The above six herbs are coarsely ground and sifted. Each dose consists of 5 qian bi, boiled with 1.5 sheng of water, one fen of crushed fresh ginger, three cracked dates, and twenty-seven leaves of Bambusae Folium (Ye Zhu), until reduced to 8/10. Strain and take warm twice daily.
Lu Gen Tang (Reed Rhizome Decoction) for treating deficiency-heat of heart and spleen with dry retching, vexation, thirst, and inability to eat in cold damage:
Phragmitis Rhizoma (Lu Gen) [2 liang, crushed], Ginseng Radix (Ren Shen) [1.5 liang], Poria Cocos (Chi Fu Ling) [1 liang, black skin removed], Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam (Dan Zhu Ru) [1 liang], Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gan Cao) [0.5 liang, processed and crushed].
The above five herbs are coarsely ground and sifted. Each dose consists of 5 qian bi, boiled with 1.5 sheng of water, half a spoonful of Tritici Fructus (Xiao Mai), and half a fen of crushed fresh ginger, until reduced to one sheng. Strain and take warm twice daily.
Pi Pa Ye Tang (Loquat Leaf Decoction) for treating dry retching and persistent vexation and thirst in cold damage:
Folium Eriobotryae (Pi Pa Ye) [hairs removed, processed with ginger juice], Ophiopogonis Tuber (Mai Men Dong) [heart removed and roasted], Puerariae Radix (Ge Gen), Ginseng Radix (Ren Shen) [3 fen each], Poria (Bai Fu Ling) [0.5 liang, black skin removed], Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gan Cao) [1 fen, processed and crushed].
The above six herbs are coarsely ground and sifted. Each dose consists of 3 qian bi, boiled with one sheng of water and half a fen of crushed fresh ginger, until reduced to 7/10. Strain and take warm at any time.
Jiang Ju Tang (Ginger and Tangerine Peel Decoction) for treating persistent dry retching and cold extremities in cold damage:
Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Sheng Jiang) [sliced and dried], Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chen Ju Pi) [soaked in hot water, white pith removed, and dried].
The above two herbs are mixed in equal parts and coarsely ground and sifted. Each dose consists of 3 qian bi, boiled with one sheng of water, until reduced to 7/10. Strain and take warm at any time.
Gua Lou Shi Tang (Trichosanthes Fruit Decoction) for treating cold damage with wind-pathogen for more than five to six days, chest vexation, and dry retching:
Fructus Trichosanthis (Gua Lou Shi) [1 liang], Bupleuri Radix (Chai Hu) [8 liang, stems removed], Scutellariae Radix (Huang Qin) [3 liang, black heart removed], Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gan Cao) [3 liang, processed].
The above four herbs are crushed to the size of hemp seeds. Each dose consists of 5 qian bi, boiled with 1.5 sheng of water, until reduced to one sheng. Strain and take warm.
Lu Gen Yin (Reed Rhizome Drink) for treating dry retching in febrile disease of cold damage:
Phragmitis Rhizoma (Lu Gen) [0.5 liang, crushed], Benincasae Exocarpium (Dong Gua Pi) [0.5 liang, sliced and dried].
The above two herbs are coarsely ground and sifted. Boil with three sheng of water until reduced to 1.5 sheng. Strain and divide into two warm doses, taken at any time.
Ren Shen Tang (Ginseng Decoction) for treating deficiency-heat in the stomach, dry retching, and inability to eat after cold damage:
Ginseng Radix (Ren Shen) [3 fen], Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Sheng Jiang) [0.5 liang, sliced and dried], Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chen Ju Pi) [0.5 liang, white pith removed and dried], Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gan Cao) [1 liang, processed and crushed].
The above four herbs are coarsely ground and sifted. Each dose consists of 5 qian bi, boiled with 1.5 sheng of water, until reduced to one sheng. Strain and take warm.
Chen Ju Pi Tang (Aged Tangerine Peel Decoction) for treating deficiency-heat of stomach qi, persistent dry retching, and vexation and thirst after cold damage:
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chen Ju Pi) [1.5 liang, white pith removed and dried], Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gan Cao) [0.5 liang, processed and crushed], Folium Eriobotryae (Pi Pa Ye) [1.5 liang, hairs wiped off, processed with ginger juice], Panicum miliaceum (Su Mi) [3 he].
The above four herbs are coarsely ground and sifted. Each dose consists of 5 qian bi, boiled with 1.5 sheng of water and half a fen of crushed fresh ginger, until reduced to one sheng. Strain and take warm at any time.
Ban Xia Tang (Pinellia Decoction) for treating dry retching and inability to eat in cold damage:
Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Ban Xia) [washed seven times in hot water, sliced, and dried], Phragmitis Rhizoma (Lu Gen), Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam (Dan Zhu Ru), Ophiopogonis Tuber (Mai Men Dong) [heart removed and roasted], Ginseng Radix (Ren Shen), Poria (Bai Fu Ling) [1 liang each, black skin removed].
The above six herbs are coarsely ground and sifted. Each dose consists of 5 qian bi, boiled with 1.5 sheng of water and one fen of crushed fresh ginger, until reduced to one sheng. Strain and take warm twice daily.
Ban Xia Mu Tong Tang (Pinellia and Akebia Decoction) for treating residual heat in the stomach and persistent dry retching after cold damage:
Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Ban Xia) [0.5 liang, washed seven times in hot water, sliced, and dried], Aquifolii Caulis et Folium (Mu Tong) [1 liang, crushed], Phragmitis Rhizoma (Lu Gen) [1.5 liang, crushed], Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chen Ju Pi) [0.5 liang, white pith removed and dried], Bupleuri Radix (Chai Hu) [1 liang, stems removed], Ophiopogonis Tuber (Mai Men Dong) [0.5 liang, heart removed and roasted], Folium Eriobotryae (Pi Pa Ye) [0.5 liang, hairs wiped off, processed with ginger juice].
The above seven herbs are coarsely ground and sifted. Each dose consists of 5 qian bi, boiled with 1.5 sheng of water and one fen of crushed fresh ginger, until reduced to one sheng. Strain and take warm before meals.
Ren Shen Zhu San (Ginseng Powder Decoction) for treating deficiency-cold of stomach qi and persistent dry retching in cold damage:
Ginseng Radix (Ren Shen) [1 liang], Paeoniae Radix Alba (Shao Yao), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Bai Zhu) [3 fen each], Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chen Ju Pi) [soaked in hot water, white pith removed, and dried], Zingiberis Rhizoma (Gan Jiang) [processed], Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xing Ren) [soaked in hot water, skin and tips removed, double-kernel, bran-fried], Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gan Cao) [processed and crushed], Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhi Ke) [pulp removed, bran-fried, 0.5 liang each], Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma (Gao Liang Jiang) [1 fen].
The above nine herbs are pounded into a coarse powder. Each dose consists of 2 qian bi, boiled with one sheng of water, five slices of fresh ginger, and two cracked dates, until reduced to 7/10. Strain and take hot. After three doses, follow with thin porridge. Recovery occurs when sweat appears.
Ren Shen Wan (Ginseng Pill) for treating wind-pathogen in the stomach, persistent dry retching, and inability to ingest food in cold damage:
Ginseng Radix (Ren Shen), Poria (Fu Ling) [black skin removed], Polyporus (Fu Shen) [wood removed], Eugeniae Flos (Ding Xiang), Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Ban Xia) [washed to remove slipperiness and dried], Amomi Fructus Rotundus (Bai Dou Kou) [equal parts].
The above six herbs are pounded and sieved into a fine powder. Add water drop by drop to form pills the size of Sophora japonicae Fructus (Wu Tong Zi). Each dose consists of 20 pills, taken down with ginger decoction.
Bai Zhu Yin (Atractylodes Drink) for treating lingering dry retching, even to the point of vomiting and rebellion, due to stomach disharmony after the retreat of pathogenic heat in cold damage:
Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Bai Zhu), Phragmitis Rhizoma (Lu Gen), Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Nou Pu) [coarse bark removed, processed with ginger juice, 1 liang each], Folium Eriobotryae (Pi Pa Ye) [hairs removed, processed, 0.5 liang].
The above four herbs are coarsely ground and sifted. Each dose consists of 3 qian bi, boiled with one sheng of water and five slices of fresh ginger, until reduced to 7/10. Strain and take warm. At any time.