（论一首 方四十一首 灸法一首）
论曰∶夫饮有四，何谓？师曰∶有痰饮，有悬饮，有溢饮，有支饮。问曰∶四饮之证何
以为异？师曰∶其人素盛今瘦，水走肠间沥沥有声，谓之痰饮。饮后水流在胁下，咳唾引痛
谓之悬饮。饮水过多，水行归于四肢，当汗出而汗不出，身体疼重，谓之溢饮。其人咳逆倚
息，短气不得卧，其形如肿，谓之支饮。
凡心下有水者，筑筑而悸，短气而恐，其人眩而癫。先寒即为虚，先热即为实。故水在
于心，其人心下坚，筑筑短气，恶水而不欲饮。水在于肺，其人吐涎沫，欲饮水。水在于脾，
其
夫病患卒饮水多，必暴喘满。凡食少饮多，水停心下，甚者则悸，微者短气。脉双弦者
寒也，皆大下后喜虚耳。脉偏弦者饮也，肺饮不弦，但喜喘短气。支饮亦喘而不能眠加短气，
其脉平也。留饮形不发作，无热，脉微，烦满不能食，脉沉滑者留饮病。病有留饮者，胁下
痛，引缺盆，嗽转甚。其人咳而不得卧，引项上痛，咳者如小儿掣 状。夫胸中有留饮，其
人短气而渴，四肢历节痛。其脉沉者，有留饮也。心下有留饮，其人背寒冷大如手，病患肩
息上引。此皆有溢饮在胸中。久者缺盆满，马刀肿有剧时，此为气饮所致也。膈上之病，满
喘咳吐，发则寒热，背痛恶寒，目泣自出，其人振振身 剧，必有伏饮。病患一臂不遂，时
复转移在一臂，其脉沉细，此非风也，必有饮在上焦。其脉虚者为微劳，营卫气不周故也，
冬自瘥（一本作久久自瘥。）病痰饮者，当以温药和之。
（论述一篇 方剂四十一首 灸法一首）
论述说：饮邪分为四种，是哪四种呢？老师说：有痰饮、悬饮、溢饮、支饮。问：这四种饮证的证候有什么不同？老师说：病人原本身体肥胖现在消瘦，水液流动在肠间发出沥沥的声音，这叫作痰饮。饮水后水流停留在胁下，咳嗽吐唾时牵引疼痛，这叫作悬饮。饮水过多，水气运行归于四肢，应当出汗却不出汗，身体疼痛沉重，这叫作溢饮。病人咳嗽气逆，倚靠物体呼吸，气短不能平卧，外形看起来像浮肿，这叫作支饮。
凡是心下有停水的，心中悸动不安，气短且恐惧，病人头晕目眩甚至昏厥。先感到寒冷的是虚证，先感到发热的是实证。所以水在心，病人觉得心下坚硬，心悸气短，厌恶水而不想喝水。水在肺，病人吐出涎沫，想要喝水。水在脾，……（原文此处缺失或残缺）。
如果病人突然喝了很多水，一定会突发气喘胸满。凡是吃得少而喝得多，水停滞在心下，严重的就会心悸，轻微的就会气短。脉象双弦的是寒证，都是大病攻下之后导致正气虚弱所致。脉象偏弦的是饮邪，肺部的饮邪不一定见弦脉，只是喜欢气喘气短。支饮也会气喘而不能安眠，加上气短，其脉象可能正常。留饮发作不剧烈，无发热，脉微，烦闷胀满不能进食，脉沉滑的是留饮病。患有留饮的病人，胁下疼痛，牵引至缺盆穴，咳嗽加剧。病人咳嗽不能平卧，牵引颈部疼痛，咳嗽的样子像小儿抽搐状。胸中有留饮，病人气短且口渴，四肢关节疼痛。脉象沉的，是有留饮。心下有留饮，病人背部寒冷范围大约如手掌大小，病人耸肩呼吸向上牵引。这些都有溢饮在胸中。病程久的会出现缺盆部肿胀，马刀肿（瘰疬的一种）时有剧烈疼痛，这是气饮所致。膈上的病证，胀满气喘咳嗽吐痰，发作时伴有寒热，背痛恶寒，眼泪自出，病人身体震颤剧烈，一定有伏饮。病人一只手臂不能随意运动，时常转移到另一只手臂，脉象沉细，这不是风邪，一定是有饮邪在上焦。脉象虚的是轻微劳损，因为营卫之气运行不畅的缘故，冬天会自然痊愈（另一版本作久久自然痊愈）。治疗痰饮病，应当用温性的药物来调和它。
(One Treatise, Forty-One Prescriptions, One Moxibustion Method)
The treatise states: There are four types of Yin (fluid retention), what are they? The Master said: There is Tan Yin (Phlegm-Fluid), Xuan Yin (Hanging Fluid), Yi Yin (Overflowing Fluid), and Zhi Yin (Branch Fluid). It was asked: How do the manifestations of these four types of Yin differ? The Master said: When a person who was formerly plump becomes emaciated, and water flows between the intestines making a gurgling sound, it is called Tan Yin. When fluid remains in the hypochondrium after drinking, causing pain upon coughing and spitting, it is called Xuan Yin. When excessive water intake causes fluid to distribute to the four limbs, sweating should occur but does not, resulting in body ache and heaviness, it is called Yi Yin. When a person suffers from coughing and wheezing, relying on objects to breathe, shortness of breath preventing lying flat, and appearing swollen, it is called Zhi Yin.
Wherever there is water below the heart, there is palpitation (Zhu Zhu Ji), shortness of breath, and fear; the person may experience dizziness or fainting. If cold precedes, it indicates deficiency; if heat precedes, it indicates excess. Therefore, when water is in the Heart, the person feels hardness below the heart, palpitation, shortness of breath, aversion to water, and lack of desire to drink. When water is in the Lung, the person expectorates saliva and foam and desires to drink. When water is in the Spleen... [text missing].
If a patient suddenly drinks a large amount of water, sudden asthma and chest fullness will definitely occur. Generally, eating little and drinking much causes water to stagnate below the heart; severely, this leads to palpitations; mildly, it leads to shortness of breath. A double-strand pulse (Shuang Xian) indicates cold, usually occurring after severe purgation leading to deficiency. A single-strand pulse (Pian Xian) indicates fluid retention. Pulmonary fluid retention may not present with a strand pulse, but rather a preference for asthma and shortness of breath. Zhi Yin also involves asthma preventing sleep, plus shortness of breath, while the pulse may be normal. Retained fluid (Liu Yin) does not manifest violently, has no fever, presents with a subtle pulse, vexation, fullness, inability to eat, and a deep-slippery pulse characterizes Liu Yin disease. Patients with Liu Yin suffer from hypochondriac pain radiating to the Clavicular Fossa (Que Pen), worsening with coughing. The patient coughs unable to lie down, with pain radiating to the neck, and the cough resembles the jerking motion of a child. When retained fluid is in the Chest, the patient experiences shortness of breath and thirst, and pain in the four limbs at all joints. A deep pulse indicates the presence of retained fluid. When retained fluid is below the Heart, the back feels cold over an area the size of a hand, and the patient breathes with raised shoulders. These conditions involve Overflowing Fluid in the Chest. In chronic cases, there is fullness in the Clavicular Fossa, and occasional severe swelling known as "Ma Dao" (a type of scrofula), caused by Qi and Fluid accumulation. Diseases above the Diaphragm involve fullness, asthma, coughing, and expectoration; upon onset, there are alternating chills and fever, back pain, aversion to cold, spontaneous tearing, and violent trembling of the body, indicating Hidden Fluid (Fu Yin). If one arm is paralyzed, shifting occasionally to the other arm, with a deep-thin pulse, this is not Wind pathogen, but likely Fluid in the Upper Jiao. A deficient pulse indicates minor labor exhaustion due to uneven circulation of Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) Qi, which heals naturally in winter (another version says heals naturally after a long time). For treating Tan Yin diseases, one should use warm herbs to harmonize the condition.