病源夫伤寒冬时发其汗，必吐利，口中烂生疮以其热毒在脏，心脾烦壅，表里俱热，热
不已，毒瓦斯熏于上焦，故令口舌干燥生疮也。（出第七卷中）
深师疗伤寒热病口疮，黄柏蜜方。
黄柏（削去上皮取里好处薄斜削）
上一味以崖蜜半斤极消者，以渍柏一宿，唯欲令浓，含其汁，良久吐之更复如前，若胸
中热有疮时饮三五合尤良。
又疗伤寒口疮烂者升麻汤方
升麻（一两） 甘草（一两炙） 竹叶（切五合） 麦门冬（三分去心） 牡丹（一分）
干枣（
二十枚擘）
上六味切，以水四升，煮取一升半，去滓，分五服含，稍稍咽之为度。忌海藻菘菜胡荽
等。（并出第十四卷中）
病源此由热毒瓦斯从内而出，循经络攻于手足也，人五脏六腑井荥输，皆出于手足指，故
毒从脏腑而出也。（出第八卷中）
范汪疗伤寒热病，手足肿欲脱方。
生牛肉裹之，肿消痛止。（出第三十卷中深师同）
崔氏疗伤寒手足热疼欲脱方。
取羊屎煮汁以淋之，瘥止，亦疗时疾阴囊及茎肿，亦可煮黄柏洗之。（肘后深师集验
千金备急并同出第一卷中）
集验疗毒热攻手足，肿疼欲脱方。
浓煮虎杖根，适寒温以渍手足，入至踝上一尺。（兼疗天行范汪肘后千金同）
又方
酒煮苦参以渍之。（范汪千金集验同并出第二卷中）
千金疗毒热病攻手足肿疼痛欲脱方。
煮马粪若羊粪汁渍之，猪膏和羊粪涂之，亦佳。（范汪集验肘后同）
又方
取常思草绞取汁以渍之，一名苍耳。（范汪集验肘后同出第十卷中）
备急疗热病手足肿欲脱者，方兼主天行。
以稻穣灰汁渍之佳。（集验千金肘后同出第一卷中）
【病机分析】
在伤寒病的冬季，如果错误地使用发汗法治疗，必然会导致呕吐和腹泻。口中溃烂生疮，是因为热毒蕴结在脏腑之中，导致心脾烦闷壅滞，表里俱热。若热势不止，毒气熏蒸于上焦，就会导致口舌干燥并生疮疡。（出自第七卷）
【方剂一】
深师方：治疗伤寒热病引起的口疮，黄柏蜜方。
药材：黄柏（削去外皮，取内部质地好的部分，薄而斜切）。
用法：以上一味药，用半斤极浓的崖蜜浸泡黄柏一整夜，目的是让药汁变得浓稠。含服其汁液，停留较长时间后吐出，再次如前法操作。如果胸中烦热且有疮疡时，饮用三五合（约现代50-100毫升）效果更佳。
【方剂二】
又方：治疗伤寒口疮溃烂者，升麻汤方。
药材：升麻（一两）、甘草（一两，炙过）、竹叶（切碎五合）、麦门冬（三分，去心）、牡丹（一分）、干枣（二十枚，掰开）。
用法：以上六味药切碎，用水四升，煎煮至剩余一升半，滤去药渣。分五次含服，慢慢咽下为度。忌食海藻、菘菜（白菜类）、胡荽（香菜）等。（均出自第十四卷）
【病机分析】
这是因为热毒之气从体内发出，沿着经络攻击手足。人的五脏六腑的井穴、荥穴、输穴，都出于手足指端，所以毒气是从脏腑而出发的。（出自第八卷）
【方剂三】
范汪方：治疗伤寒热病，手足肿胀欲脱落者。
用法：用生牛肉包裹患处，待肿胀消退、疼痛停止即可。（出自第三十卷，深师方同此）
【方剂四】
崔氏方：治疗伤寒手足热痛欲脱落者。
用法：取羊屎煮汁淋洗患处，痊愈即止。此方也治疗时行疫病导致的阴囊及阴茎肿胀，也可以煮黄柏水清洗。（肘后备急方、深师方、集验方、千金方、备急方均同此，出自第一卷）
【方剂五】
集验方：治疗毒热攻注手足，肿胀疼痛欲脱落者。
用法：浓煮虎杖根，温度适宜时浸泡手足，浸入深度达到脚踝上一尺处。（兼治天行疫病，范汪方、肘后方、千金方同此）
【方剂六】
又方：
用法：用酒煮苦参来浸泡患处。（范汪方、千金方、集验方同此，均出自第二卷）
【方剂七】
千金方：治疗毒热病攻注手足，肿胀疼痛欲脱落者。
用法：煮马粪或羊粪取汁浸泡患处；或用猪脂膏调和羊粪涂抹患处，也很好。（范汪方、集验方、肘后方同此）
【方剂八】
又方：
用法：取常思草绞取汁液浸泡患处，常思草又名苍耳。（范汪方、集验方、肘后方同此，出自第十卷）
【方剂九】
备急方：治疗热病导致手足肿胀欲脱落者，此方兼主天行疫病。
用法：用稻穣灰汁浸泡患处为佳。（集验方、千金方、肘后方同此，出自第一卷）
[Pathogenesis]
In cases of cold damage (Shanghan) during winter, if sweating methods are erroneously employed, vomiting and diarrhea will inevitably occur. Ulceration and sores in the mouth arise because heat-toxins accumulate within the Zang-Fu organs, causing stagnation and fullness with vexation in the Heart and Spleen, resulting in heat in both the interior and exterior. If the heat persists, toxic vapors fumigate the Upper Jiao, leading to dryness of the mouth and tongue and the formation of sores. (From Volume 7)
[Formula 1]
Shenshi Formula: For treating mouth sores caused by heat diseases in cold damage, Huangbai Honey Decoction.
Herbs: Phellodendri Cortex (Huangbai) (scrape off the outer bark, take the inner good quality part, slice thinly at an angle).
Usage: Take the above single herb and soak it in half a jin (approx. 300g) of very thick cliff honey for one night, aiming to make the decoction concentrated. Hold the juice in the mouth for a long time and then spit it out; repeat as before. If there is heat and sores in the chest, drinking three to five he (approx. 50-100ml) is particularly beneficial.
[Formula 2]
Another Formula: Shengma Tang for treating ulcerated mouth sores in cold damage.
Herbs: Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Shengma) (1 liang), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (1 liang, processed with honey/heat), Bambusae Folium (Zhuye) (cut, 5 he), Ophiopogonis Tuber (Maimendong) (3 fen, remove heart), Moutan Cortex (Mudan) (1 fen), Ziziphi Fructus (Dazao/Dried Date) (20 pieces, split open).
Usage: Cut the above six herbs. Boil in 4 sheng of water until reduced to 1.5 sheng. Strain the dregs. Divide into five doses. Hold in the mouth and swallow slowly. Avoid consuming Algae (Haizao), Brassica vegetables (Songcai), and Coriander (Husui). (All from Volume 14)
[Pathogenesis]
This condition arises because heat-toxic vapors emerge from the interior and attack the hands and feet along the meridians. The Jing-River-Shu points of the five Zang and six Fu organs all emerge from the fingers and toes; thus, the toxins exit from the Zang-Fu organs. (From Volume 8)
[Formula 3]
Fan Wang's Formula: For treating cold damage heat disease where hands and feet are swollen and appear ready to fall off.
Usage: Wrap the affected area with raw beef. Continue until swelling subsides and pain stops. (From Volume 30, same as Shenshi)
[Formula 4]
Cui Shi's Formula: For treating cold damage where hands and feet are hot, painful, and appear ready to fall off.
Usage: Boar sheep feces to extract juice and wash/splash the affected area. Stop when cured. This formula also treats epidemic diseases causing swelling of the scrotum and penis. Alternatively, wash with boiled Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) water. (Zhouhou, Shenshi, Jiyan, Qianjin, Beiji formulas are consistent; From Volume 1)
[Formula 5]
Jiyan Formula: For treating toxic heat attacking hands and feet, causing swelling, pain, and appearance of impending detachment.
Usage: Boil Polygoni Cuspidati Radix et Rhizoma (Huzhang/Zhu Zhang) root strongly. Soak hands and feet when temperature is suitable, immersing up to one chi above the ankle. (Also treats epidemic spread; Fan Wang, Zhouhou, Qianjin formulas are consistent)
[Formula 6]
Another Formula:
Usage: Soak the area in Sophorae Flavescentis Radix (Kushen) boiled in wine. (Fan Wang, Qianjin, Jiyan formulas are consistent; From Volume 2)
[Formula 7]
Qianjin Formula: For treating toxic heat diseases attacking hands and feet, causing swelling, pain, and appearance of impending detachment.
Usage: Boar horse or sheep feces to extract juice and soak the area. Alternatively, mix pig fat (Su Gao) with sheep feces and apply topically, which is also effective. (Fan Wang, Jiyan, Zhouhou formulas are consistent)
[Formula 8]
Another Formula:
Usage: Extract juice from Xanthii Fructus (Changsisi/Canger) and soak the area. Changsisi is another name for Cang'er. (Fan Wang, Jiyan, Zhouhou formulas are consistent; From Volume 10)
[Formula 9]
Beiji Formula: For treating heat diseases causing hands and feet to swell and appear ready to detach; this formula also primarily addresses epidemic spread.
Usage: Soak the area in rice straw ash water, which is optimal. (Jiyan, Qianjin, Zhouhou formulas are consistent; From Volume 1)