【歌】妇人初妊最难看,恶食贪眠或嗜酸,母病则须先疗母,因胎即便把胎安。
【论】王海藏曰∶安胎之法有二,如母病以致动胎,但疗母而胎自安也。若胎气不固,或有所触动以致母病
者,宜安胎则母自愈矣。胎前气血和平则百病不生,若气旺而热,热则耗血而胎不安,治当清热养血为主,惟在
起居饮食调理得宜,绝去嗜欲,安养胎气,虽有别症,总以安胎为主。
【歌】胎前三禁要须知,利水相煎汗下时,只为厥阴为祖气,若能不犯始为奇。
【论】张洁古曰∶妇女天癸未行属少阴,天癸即行属厥阴,天癸既绝属太阴。故治胎前从厥阴者,是祖气生
化之原也。厥阴与少阳相为表里,故治之无犯胃气及上下二焦。谓之三禁者,不可汗、不可下、不可利小便。若
发汗则同伤寒下早证,利大便则脉数而动于脾,利小便则内亡津液而胃中枯燥,用药能不犯此三禁,则荣卫和而
寒热自止矣。
【歌】胎前最忌药成群,识者须将气血分,气病惟宜枳壳散,血虚内补可为君。
【论】张子和曰∶治妇人病必先问月水及娠,不可纯用破气行血之药,恐伤胎于疑似之间也。许学士曰∶
妊娠惟在抑阳助阴,然胎前药最忌群队,倘阴阳交错,别生他病,唯南山道士枳壳散所以抑阳,四物汤所以助阴,
但枳壳散少寒,单服之恐有胎寒腹痛之患,以内补丸佐之,则阳不致强,阴不致弱,阴阳调和而胎自安矣。
【方】
内补当归丸
当归(三两) 熟地(二两酒蒸) 宜加杜仲 续断 山药 砂仁(炒)
蜜丸服。
【歌诀】妇女刚刚怀孕时最难诊断,常出现厌恶食物、贪睡或嗜吃酸味食物的症状。如果母亲患病,必须先治疗母亲的疾病;如果是因胎气不固导致的问题,便直接安胎。
【论述】王海藏说:安胎的方法有两种。如果是母亲患病导致胎动不安,只需治疗母亲的疾病,胎气自然安定。如果是胎气不固,或者受到触动导致母亲生病的,应当安胎,母亲自然痊愈。怀孕前(期间)气血平和则百病不生,如果气盛而热,热则会耗伤血液而导致胎不安稳,治疗应当以清热养血为主,关键在于起居饮食调理得当,断绝嗜好欲望,安养胎气,即使有其他病症,总以安胎为主。
【歌诀】胎前三禁需要知晓,即利水、发汗、攻下这三种治法要谨慎,只因为厥阴肝经是祖气(生命本源之气)所在,如果能不触犯这三禁才算高明。
【论述】张洁古说:妇女天癸(月经)未行时属于少阴肾经范畴,天癸已行时属于厥阴肝经范畴,天癸枯竭后属于太阴脾经范畴。所以治疗胎前病证从厥阴论治,是因为这是祖气生化之源。厥阴与少阳胆经互为表里,所以治疗时不要损伤胃气以及上、中、下三焦。所谓的“三禁”,是指不可发汗、不可攻下、不可利小便。如果发汗,就如同伤寒病误用早下法一样有害;如果通利大便,会导致脉数且扰动脾气;如果利小便,会导致体内津液亡失而胃中干燥。用药如果不触犯这三禁,那么营卫调和,寒热症状自然停止。
【歌诀】胎前最忌讳药物杂乱成群,有见识的人必须将气病和血病区分开来。气病适宜用枳壳散,血虚内补可以作为君药(主药)。
【论述】张子和说:治疗妇人病必须先询问月经情况及是否妊娠,不可纯用破气行血的药物,恐怕在疑似之间伤害胎气。许学士说:妊娠期间重在抑制阳气、帮助阴气。然而胎前用药最忌讳杂乱无章,倘若阴阳交错,会生出其他疾病。只有南山道士的枳壳散可以抑制阳气,四物汤可以帮助阴气。但枳壳散性偏寒凉,单服恐怕有导致胎寒腹痛的隐患,配合内补丸来辅助,则阳气不至于过强,阴气不至于虚弱,阴阳调和而胎气自然安定。
[Verse] It is difficult to diagnose when a woman first becomes pregnant; she may experience anorexia, excessive sleepiness, or a craving for sour foods. If the mother falls ill, her illness must be treated first; if the issue arises from the fetus itself, then the fetus should be stabilized directly.
[Discussion] Wang Haicang stated: There are two methods for stabilizing the fetus. If fetal movement is caused by the mother's illness, treating the mother's illness will naturally stabilize the fetus. If the mother falls ill due to unstable fetal qi or external disturbances, stabilizing the fetus will naturally cure the mother. When Qi and Blood are harmonious during pregnancy, myriad diseases do not arise. If Qi is excessive and generates Heat, Heat consumes Blood and destabilizes the fetus; treatment should focus primarily on clearing Heat and nourishing Blood. The key lies in proper regulation of daily life and diet, eliminating desires, and nurturing fetal Qi. Even if other symptoms appear, the primary approach remains stabilizing the fetus.
[Verse] One must know the "Three Prohibitions" during pregnancy: diuresis (promoting urination), sweating (diaphoresis), and purging (downward draining). This is because the Jueyin Liver channel is the root of ancestral Qi. Only by avoiding these three prohibitions can one be considered skilled.
[Discussion] Zhang Jiegu stated: Before the Tian Gui (menstrual blood) arrives, a woman belongs to the Shaoyin Kidney channel; after it arrives, she belongs to the Jueyin Liver channel; after it ceases, she belongs to the Taiyin Spleen channel. Therefore, treating pregnancy-related conditions via the Jueyin channel addresses the source of ancestral Qi transformation. Jueyin and Shaoyang Gallbladder are exterior-interior pairs; thus, treatment should not damage Stomach Qi or the Upper, Middle, and Lower Jiao. The "Three Prohibitions" refer to: no sweating, no purging, and no promoting urination. Sweating causes harm similar to premature purgation in Cold Damage disorders; purging causes rapid pulse and disturbs Spleen Qi; promoting urination leads to loss of Body Fluids and dryness in the Stomach. If medications avoid these three prohibitions, Ying and Wei Qi become harmonious, and cold/heat symptoms cease spontaneously.
[Verse] During pregnancy, it is most taboo to use a chaotic mixture of herbs. Those with insight must distinguish between Qi disorders and Blood disorders. For Qi disorders, Zhike San (Bitter Orange Powder) is suitable; for Blood deficiency, internal supplementation serves as the Sovereign herb.
[Discussion] Zhang Zihe stated: When treating women's diseases, one must first inquire about menstruation and pregnancy. One must not solely use herbs that break Qi and move Blood, lest they damage the fetus amidst ambiguous situations. Xu Xueshi stated: Pregnancy requires suppressing Yang and assisting Yin. However, herbal prescriptions during pregnancy must avoid being a disorganized group. If Yin and Yang are mixed up, other diseases may arise. Zhike San suppresses Yang, while Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) assists Yin. Since Zhike San is slightly cold, taking it alone may cause fetal coldness and abdominal pain; therefore, it should be assisted with Neibu Wan (Internal Tonifying Pill). This ensures Yang does not become excessive and Yin does not become deficient, leading to Yin-Yang harmony and natural fetal stabilization.
[Formula]
Neibu Danggui Wan (Internal Tonifying Angelica Pill)
Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) - 3 liang
Shudi (Prepared Radix Rehmanniae) - 2 liang, steamed with wine
Recommended additions: Duzhong (Cortex Eucommiae), Xuduan (Radix Dipsaci), Shanyao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae), Sharen (Fructus Amomi), stir-fried.
Prepare as honey pills and take orally.