肾虚，儿本虚怯，由胎气不成，则神气不足，目中白睛多，其颅即解，囟开，面色 白，此皆难养，纵长不过八八
之数，若姿于色欲，多不过四旬而亡，或有因病而致肾虚者非也。又肾气不足则下窜，盖骨重惟欲坠下而缩身也。肾水
阴也，肾虚则畏明，皆宜补肾，地黄丸主之。肾病见夏，水胜火，肾胜心也，当治肾，轻者病退，重者悸劫，当搐也。
地黄丸 见第八问。
左腮为肝，右腮为肺，额上为心，鼻上为脾，下颏为肾，赤者热也，随证治之，此仲阳之至论也。口议所谓五位气
色总见者∶其蓝青色者，乃惊积不散，欲发风候。其火红色者，痰积壅盛，惊悸增进。其黄土色者，食积症伤，欲作疳
疾痞癖。其色白者，大肠滑泄，水谷不分，欲作吐利。其黑色者，脏腑欲绝，其疾危恶，其儿不久也。又有面部形色∶
额有青色，主惊风欲发，红主大热。印堂青色，初入惊并泻，红主大惊夜啼，黑主客忤。山根青至，主二次惊，青色
主泻后发躁，黑色及黄甚主死。年寿平陷者主夭，青主发热生惊，黑主利死，红主燥死，微黄曰平，黄甚主霍乱死。鼻
准微黄曰平，黄甚为土动死候，黑赤危甚。人中黑，主蛔虫咬，患久唇反者死，短缩者因利死。边旁黄主胃逆，青色主
下利。正口红者平，干燥脾热，白主失血死，黄有积，青因惊风死。黑气绕口者死。承浆青因饮食时被惊，黄主吐逆，
赤主血痢，赤黑主惊风。两眼黑睛黄有热，白睛黄食积不化、疳、蛔，白睛青肝风惊，黑睛黄伤寒。眉上青吉，忽红主
烦躁夜啼，黄主霍乱，久病红者死。风气二池青主风候，紫主吐逆，又发热，黄吐逆，红主烦躁夜啼。两颧赤色，肺有
客热。两太阳青，主二次受惊。青自太阳入耳者死，红主血淋。两睑青主客忤，黄主痰溢，赤主风热。两颊赤主伤寒，
左赤心热口疮，右赤肺热，黄主有积，红主血淋。两颐青主吐虫。两金匮青，主第三次惊，生风。黑绕口二日死。青连
目入耳七日死。两风门红主风热，黑主疝，青水惊，黑从眉入耳当日死。唇黑不食者死。又面青眼青肝之病，面赤心之
病，面白肺之病，面黄脾之病，面黑肾之病，五脏各有所主。看禀受盈亏，胎气虚实，阴阳补泻，当救其失，脏腑表里，
若能辨其标本，则神圣工巧，自然得矣。
肾虚，是因为小儿先天禀赋虚弱，由于胎气未能成形，导致神气不足。表现为眼中白睛部分较多，颅骨缝分开，囟门未闭，面色苍白，这些情况都难以抚养，即使能长大，寿命也不超过六十四岁（八八之数）；如果父母纵欲过度，孩子往往活不过四十岁就会死亡。也有因病导致肾虚的情况，但这不属于先天肾虚的范畴。另外，肾气不足会导致身体向下收缩，因为骨骼沉重，只想下坠并蜷缩身体。肾属水，为阴，肾虚则畏光怕亮，这些都应当采用补肾的方法治疗，主方用地黄丸。肾病在夏季显现，此时水克火，肾胜心，应当治疗肾脏，轻症则病退，重症则会出现心悸惊厥，应当进行搐搦急救。地黄丸的用法见第八问。
左腮对应肝，右腮对应肺，额头对应心，鼻部对应脾，下巴对应肾，颜色发红代表有热，应根据具体证候进行治疗，这是钱乙（字仲阳）的至理名言。所谓“五位气色总见”是指：面部呈现蓝青色，是惊恐和积滞不散，即将发作风证；呈现火红色，是痰积壅盛，惊悸加重；呈现黄土色，是食积伤脾，即将发展为疳疾或痞块；颜色发白，是大肠滑泄，水谷不分，即将发生呕吐腹泻；颜色发黑，是脏腑功能衰竭，病情危重，患儿不久于人世。
此外还有面部的形色变化：额头出现青色，主惊风即将发作，红色主大热。印堂出现青色，初入惊风应使用泻法，红色主大惊夜啼，黑色主客忤（外邪侵袭）。山根（鼻梁根部）青色延伸至两眼之间，主再次受惊，青色主泻后烦躁，黑色及黄色严重主死。年寿（鼻柱中段）平陷者主夭折，青色主发热生惊，黑色主因腹泻死亡，红色主因燥热死亡，微黄色为正常，黄色严重主霍乱死亡。鼻准（鼻尖）微黄色为正常，黄色严重为土动死候，黑色和红色则更为危急。人中沟发黑，主蛔虫咬噬，患病日久且嘴唇反卷者死，短缩者因腹泻死亡。口唇旁发黄主胃气上逆，青色主下利。正口红润为正常，干燥主脾热，白色主失血死亡，黄色主有积滞，青色主因惊风死亡。黑色气环绕口唇者死。承浆穴（下巴中央凹陷处）青色主饮食时受惊，黄色主呕吐逆乱，红色主血痢，赤黑色主惊风。两眼黑珠发黄有热，白珠发黄主食积不化、疳疾、蛔虫，白珠青主肝风惊，黑珠黄主伤寒。眉上青色为吉，忽现红色主烦躁夜啼，黄色主霍乱，久病见红色主死。风气二池（眼外侧近鬓角处）青色主风证，紫色主呕吐逆乱兼发热，黄色主呕吐逆乱，红色主烦躁夜啼。两颧部红色，主肺有客热。两太阳穴青色，主二次受惊。青色从太阳穴进入耳内者死，红色主血淋。两眼睑青色主客忤，黄色主痰溢，红色主风热。两颊部红色主伤寒，左侧红主心热口疮，右侧红主肺热，黄色主有积滞，红色主血淋。两颐部（下颌角附近）青色主吐虫。两金匮（眼角内侧）青色，主第三次受惊，生风。黑色环绕口唇两日死。青色连目入耳七日死。两风门（耳后高骨处）红色主风热，黑色主疝气，青色主水惊，黑色从眉毛进入耳内当日死。嘴唇发黑且不进食者死。另外，面青眼青是肝的病，面赤是心的病，面白是肺的病，面黄是脾的病，面黑是肾的病，五脏各有其主征。观察禀受的盈亏，胎气的虚实，运用阴阳补泻之法，补救其缺失，辨别脏腑表里，若能辨明标本，则医术自然达到神圣工巧的境界。
Kidney deficiency arises from the child's innate weakness, resulting from incomplete fetal qi, leading to insufficient spirit and qi. Manifestations include excessive white sclera, separated cranial sutures, open fontanelles, and a pale complexion. These conditions are difficult to nurture; even if they survive to adulthood, their lifespan will not exceed sixty-four years (the number of eight times eight). If parents indulge in lust, the child may die before reaching forty. There are cases where kidney deficiency is caused by illness, which is distinct from congenital kidney deficiency. Furthermore, insufficiency of kidney qi causes the body to shrink downward, as the bones feel heavy and desire to collapse and curl up. The Kidney belongs to Water and is Yin; kidney deficiency leads to fear of light. All these conditions should be treated by tonifying the Kidney, with Dihuang Wan (Rehmannia Pill) as the primary formula. When kidney disease manifests in summer, Water overcomes Fire, and the Kidney overcomes the Heart; treatment should focus on the Kidney. In mild cases, the disease recedes; in severe cases, palpitations and convulsions occur, requiring extraction and emergency manipulation. See Question 8 for the usage of Dihuang Wan.
The left cheek corresponds to the Liver, the right cheek to the Lungs, the forehead to the Heart, the nose to the Spleen, and the chin to the Kidneys. Redness indicates heat, and treatment should follow the specific syndrome. This is the supreme theory of Qian Yi (courtesy name Zhongyang). Regarding the "General Observation of Qi and Color at Five Positions": Blue-green color indicates unsettled fright and accumulation, suggesting an impending wind syndrome. Fire-red color indicates abundant phlegm accumulation and worsening palpitations. Earth-yellow color indicates food accumulation damaging the Spleen, likely developing into infantile malnutrition (Gan disease) or masses. White color indicates intestinal slippage and diarrhea, with indistinguishable water and grain, likely developing into vomiting and diarrhea. Black color indicates the exhaustion of zang-fu organs, a critical and dangerous condition where the child will not live long.
Additionally, facial features indicate: Green on the forehead suggests impending wind-stroke due to fright; red indicates intense heat. Green at Yintang (between eyebrows) suggests initial fright requiring purging; red indicates severe fright and night crying; black indicates external malevolent influences. Green extending from Shan Gen (root of the nose) suggests recurrent fright; green after purging indicates irritability; severe black or yellow indicates death. A flat or sunken Nian Shou (mid-nose) indicates premature death; green indicates fever and fright; black indicates death from diarrhea; red indicates death from dryness; slight yellow is normal; severe yellow indicates death from cholera-like disorder. Slight yellow at Bi Zhun (nose tip) is normal; severe yellow indicates earth-moving death omen; black and red are critically dangerous. Black at Ren Zhong (philtrum) indicates roundworm biting; chronic illness with everted lips indicates death; shortening indicates death from diarrhea. Yellow on the sides indicates stomach qi rebellion; green indicates lower diarrhea. Red at the center of the lips is normal; dryness indicates spleen heat; white indicates death from blood loss; yellow indicates accumulation; green indicates death from wind-stroke due to fright. Black qi surrounding the mouth indicates death. Qing Jiang (center of chin) green indicates fright during eating; yellow indicates vomiting and reversal; red indicates bloody dysentery; red-black indicates wind-stroke. Yellow in the black pupil indicates heat; yellow in the white sclera indicates undigested food accumulation, Gan disease, or roundworms; green in the white sclera indicates liver wind and fright; yellow in the black pupil indicates cold damage. Green above eyebrows is auspicious; sudden red indicates irritability and night crying; yellow indicates cholera-like disorder; chronic red indicates death. Green at Feng Qi Er Chi (near temples) indicates wind syndrome; purple indicates vomiting and fever; yellow indicates vomiting; red indicates irritability and night crying. Red on both malar eminences indicates external heat in the Lungs. Green at both Tai Yang points indicates recurrent fright. Green entering the ear from Tai Yang indicates death; red indicates bloody strangury. Green eyelids indicate external malevolent influences; yellow indicates phlegm overflow; red indicates wind-heat. Red cheeks indicate cold damage; left red indicates heart heat and mouth ulcers; right red indicates lung heat; yellow indicates accumulation; red indicates bloody strangury. Green at both Yi (jaw angles) indicates vomiting worms. Green at both Jin Kui (inner eye corners) indicates third recurrence of fright and generation of wind. Black surrounding the mouth for two days indicates death. Green connecting eyes to ears for seven days indicates death. Red at both Feng Men (behind ears) indicates wind-heat; black indicates hernia; green indicates water fright; black entering the ear from the eyebrow indicates death on the same day. Black lips with refusal to eat indicates death. Furthermore, green face and eyes indicate Liver disease; red face indicates Heart disease; white face indicates Lung disease; yellow face indicates Spleen disease; black face indicates Kidney disease. Each Zang organ has its specific manifestation. By observing the balance of endowment, the deficiency or excess of fetal qi, and applying yin-yang tonification and purgation methods to correct imbalances, and distinguishing the interior-exterior relationships and root-branch nature of the zang-fu organs, one can naturally achieve divine, sacred, skillful, and effective medical practice.